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You will be given a list of documents. You need to read carefully and understand all of them. Then you will be given a query, and your goal is to answer the query based on the documents you have read.
Your final answer should be in a list, in the following format:
Final Answer: ['answer1', 'answer2', ...]
If there is only one answer, it should be in the format:
Final Answer: ['answer']
ID: 0 | TITLE: Dewey Decimal Classification | CONTENT: Melvil Dewey (1851–1931) was an American librarian and self-declared reformer.[5] He was a founding member of the American Library Association and can be credited with the promotion of card systems in libraries and business.[6] He developed the ideas for his library classification system in 1873 while working at Amherst College library. He applied the classification to the books in that library, until in 1876 he had a first version of the classification. In 1876, he published the classification in pamphlet form with the title A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library.[7] He used the pamphlet, published in more than one version during the year, to solicit comments from other librarians. It is not known who received copies or how many commented as only one copy with comments has survived, that of Ernest Cushing Richardson.[8] His classification system was mentioned in an article in the first issue of the Library Journal and in an article by Dewey in the Department of Education publication "Public Libraries in America" in 1876.[9] In March 1876, he applied for, and received copyright on the first edition of the index.[10] The edition was 44 pages in length, with 2,000 index entries, and was printed in 200 copies.[11] | END ID: 0
ID: 1 | TITLE: RMS Titanic | CONTENT: RMS Titanic (/taɪˈtænɪk/) was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912, after it collided with an iceberg during its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. There were an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard the ship, and more than 1,500 died, making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history. The RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time it entered service and was the second of three Olympic-class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line. The Titanic was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. Thomas Andrews, her architect, died in the disaster.[2] | END ID: 1
ID: 2 | TITLE: Edinburgh Festival Fringe | CONTENT: The Edinburgh Festival Fringe (often referred to as simply The Fringe) is the world's largest arts festival, which in 2017 spanned 25 days and featured 53,232 performances of 3,398 shows[1] in 300 venues.[2] Established in 1947 as an alternative to the Edinburgh International Festival, it takes place annually in Edinburgh, Scotland, in the month of August.[3] | END ID: 2
ID: 3 | TITLE: Pay Commission | CONTENT: The Government of India has initiated the process to constitute the 7th Central Pay Commission along with finalisation of its Terms of Reference, the composition and the possible timeframe for submission of its Report.[18]
On 25 September 2013 then Finance Minister P Chidambaram announced that Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has approved the constitution of the 7th Pay Commission. Its recommendations are likely to be implemented with effect from 1 January 2016.
Justice A.K Mathur will be heading the Seventh Pay Commission, announcement of which was done on 4 February 2014.[19] On 29 June 2016, Government accepted the recommendation of 7th Pay Commission Report with meager increase in salary of 14% after six month of intense evaluation and successive discussions. The Finance Minister of India claimed it historical increase of salaries due to little knowledge of Sixth Pay Commission.[citation needed] | END ID: 3
ID: 4 | TITLE: Manhattan Project | CONTENT: The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; "Manhattan" gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US $2 billion (about $22 billion in 2016[1] dollars). Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. | END ID: 4
ID: 5 | TITLE: Cory | CONTENT: Alternative spellings for Cory are Corey, Coire, Corie, Corrie, Curry (surname), Correy, Kory, Khouri, and Kori. | END ID: 5
ID: 6 | TITLE: Mexico at the 2018 Winter Olympics | CONTENT: Mexico competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018, with four competitors in three sports. | END ID: 6
ID: 7 | TITLE: Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 5) | CONTENT: The fifth season is set to begin airing on December 1, 2017, after Marvel's Inhumans has finished airing its episodes, and run for 22 episodes. | END ID: 7
ID: 8 | TITLE: Physical layer | CONTENT: In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer.[1] This layer may be implemented by a PHY chip. | END ID: 8
ID: 9 | TITLE: Abul Kalam Azad | CONTENT: Maulana Azad is considered one of the greatest Urdu writers of the 20th century. He has written many books including India Wins Freedom, Ghubar-e-Khatir, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran, etc. | END ID: 9
ID: 10 | TITLE: Claudia Wells | CONTENT: Claudia Grace Wells (born July 5, 1966) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Jennifer Parker in the film Back to the Future (1985). | END ID: 10
ID: 11 | TITLE: Hyderabad State (1948–56) | CONTENT: Hyderabad State was a state in Independent India, formed after the accession of the princely state of Hyderabad into the Indian Union on 24 November 1949. It existed from 1948 to 1956. | END ID: 11
ID: 12 | TITLE: Phosphorus pentoxide | CONTENT: Phosphorus pentoxide is a chemical compound with molecular formula P4O10 (with its common name derived from its empirical formula, P2O5). This white crystalline solid is the anhydride of phosphoric acid. It is a powerful desiccant and dehydrating agent. | END ID: 12
ID: 13 | TITLE: Politics of the United States | CONTENT: The United States is a federal republic in which the president, Congress, and federal courts share powers reserved to the national government according to its Constitution. The federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. | END ID: 13
ID: 14 | TITLE: List of The 100 episodes | CONTENT: As of May 24, 2017,[update] 58 episodes of The 100 have aired, concluding the fourth season. In March 2017, The CW renewed the series for a fifth season, set to premiere on April 24, 2018.[7][8] | END ID: 14
ID: 15 | TITLE: List of national parks of India | CONTENT: Further federal legislation strengthening protections for wildlife was introduced in the 1980s. As of July 2017, there were 103 national parks encompassing an area of 40,500 km2 (15,600 sq mi), comprising 1.23% of India's total surface area.[1] | END ID: 15
ID: 16 | TITLE: Pro Football Hall of Fame | CONTENT: With the election of the Class of 2018[2] – Bobby Beathard, Robert Brazile, Brian Dawkins, Jerry Kramer, Ray Lewis, Randy Moss, Terrell Owens, and Brian Urlacher – there are a total of 318 members of the Hall of Fame.[3] | END ID: 16
ID: 17 | TITLE: EDF Energy | CONTENT: EDF Energy is an integrated energy company in the United Kingdom, with operations spanning electricity generation and the sale of gas and electricity to homes and businesses throughout the United Kingdom. It employs 13,331 people and handles 5.7 million customer accounts.[1] [2] [3] | END ID: 17
ID: 18 | TITLE: Vikram Samvat | CONTENT: Vikram Samvat (Hindi: विक्रम सम्वत्, Nepali: विक्रम सम्वत्) (abbreviated as V.S. (or VS) or B.S. (or BS)); Listen (help·info))is the historical Hindu calendar of India and Nepal. It uses lunar months and solar sidereal year (see: Vedic time keeping). It is used as the official calendar in Nepal. | END ID: 18
ID: 19 | TITLE: Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research | CONTENT: The Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) is a multidisciplinary research institute located at Jakkur, Bangalore, India. It was established by the Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India, to mark the birth centenary of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. | END ID: 19
ID: 20 | TITLE: Standing rib roast | CONTENT: A standing rib roast, also known as prime rib, is a cut of beef from the primal rib, one of the nine primal cuts of beef. While the entire rib section comprises ribs six through 12, a standing rib roast may contain anywhere from two to seven ribs. | END ID: 20
ID: 21 | TITLE: Castleford | CONTENT: Castleford is a town in the metropolitan borough of Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. It had a population of 40,210 at the 2011 Census.[1][2][3] Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, to the north of the town centre the River Calder joins the River Aire and the Aire and Calder Navigation. | END ID: 21
ID: 22 | TITLE: Psychoanalysis | CONTENT: Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques[1] related to the study of the unconscious mind,[2] which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders. The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud and stemmed partly from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others. | END ID: 22
ID: 23 | TITLE: G. Callen | CONTENT: G. Callen (born: Grisha Alekandrovich Nikolaev) is a fictional character in the show NCIS: Los Angeles portrayed by Chris O'Donnell. He is an NCIS Special Agent in Charge, and the senior agent assigned to the Office of Special Projects. O'Donnell made his first appearance during NCIS' sixth season episode "Legend (Part 1)". | END ID: 23
ID: 24 | TITLE: Jack Lord | CONTENT: John Joseph Patrick Ryan (December 30, 1920 – January 21, 1998), best known by his stage name, Jack Lord, was an American television, film and Broadway actor and director and producer. He was known for his starring role as Steve McGarrett in the CBS television program Hawaii Five-O, which ran from 1968 to 1980. | END ID: 24
ID: 25 | TITLE: Glee (season 4) | CONTENT: The fourth season of the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee was commissioned on April 9, 2012.[1][2] It premiered on September 13, 2012 and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, Ryan Murphy Television and Brad Falchuk Teley-Vision with executive producers Dante Di Loreto and series co-creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan.[3] | END ID: 25
ID: 26 | TITLE: Egyptian hieroglyphs | CONTENT: Egyptian hieroglyphs (/ˈhaɪrəˌɡlɪf, -roʊ-/[2][3]) were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt. It combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with a total of some 1,000 distinct characters.[4][5] Cursive hieroglyphs were used for religious literature on papyrus and wood. The later hieratic and demotic Egyptian scripts were derived from hieroglyphic writing; Meroitic was a late derivation from demotic. | END ID: 26
ID: 27 | TITLE: WWE Raw | CONTENT: On September 24, 2012, Hulu Plus signed a multi-year deal with WWE to stream all of the company’s TV shows and some of its web series which includes Raw. Episodes of Raw are available for viewing the following day and only a condensed 90 minute version is available, not the full version as shown the previous night on the USA Network.[58] | END ID: 27
ID: 28 | TITLE: Economy of the Ming dynasty | CONTENT: The economy of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) of China was the largest in the world during that period. It is regarded as one of China's three golden ages (the other two being the Han and Song periods). The period was marked by the increasing political influence of the merchants, the gradual weakening of imperial rule, and technological advances. | END ID: 28
ID: 29 | TITLE: Life of Pi | CONTENT: Life of Pi is a Canadian fantasy adventure novel by Yann Martel published in 2001. The protagonist is Piscine Molitor "Pi" Patel, an Indian boy from Pondicherry who explores issues of spirituality and practicality from an early age. He survives 227 days after a shipwreck while stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. | END ID: 29
ID: 30 | TITLE: Law of the United Kingdom | CONTENT: The United Kingdom has three legal systems, each of which applies to a particular geographical area.[1] English law applies in England and Wales, Northern Ireland law applies in Northern Ireland, and Scots law applies in Scotland. While these three systems diverge in the more detailed rules, there are also substantive fields of law which apply across the United Kingdom. | END ID: 30
ID: 31 | TITLE: Jason Gideon | CONTENT: In the season ten episode "Nelson's Sparrow", Gideon was murdered off-screen, having been shot dead at a close range by a serial killer named Donnie Mallick (Arye Gross), which prompts the BAU team to investigate Gideon's murder. During the flashbacks focusing on a young version of him for the episode which show him working at the BAU in 1978, he is played by Ben Savage. | END ID: 31
ID: 32 | TITLE: Crowne Plaza | CONTENT: Crowne Plaza is a multinational chain of full service, upscale hotels catering to business travelers and to the meetings and conventions market. It forms part of the InterContinental Hotels Group family of brands, which include InterContinental Hotels & Resorts and Holiday Inn Hotels & Resorts, and operates in 52 countries with more than 400 hotels, usually located in city centers, resorts, coastal towns or near major airports. | END ID: 32
ID: 33 | TITLE: Non-ferrous metal | CONTENT: Generally more expensive than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper),[1] non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc).[2] Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for blast furnaces, while others such as wolframite, pyrolusite and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys.[3] | END ID: 33
ID: 34 | TITLE: Catch-22 | CONTENT: Catch-22 is a satirical novel by American author Joseph Heller. He began writing it in 1953; the novel was first published in 1961. Often cited as one of the most significant novels of the twentieth century,[2] it uses a distinctive non-chronological third-person omniscient narration, describing events from the points of view of different characters. The separate storylines are out of sequence so the timeline develops along with the plot. | END ID: 34
ID: 35 | TITLE: Geoffrey Palmer (actor) | CONTENT: Geoffrey Dyson Palmer, OBE (born 4 June 1927) is an English actor known for his roles in British television sitcoms playing Jimmy Anderson in The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (1976–79), Ben Parkinson in Butterflies (1978–83) and Lionel Hardcastle in As Time Goes By (1992–2005). His film appearances include A Fish Called Wanda (1988), The Madness of King George (1994), Mrs. Brown (1997), and Tomorrow Never Dies (1997). | END ID: 35
ID: 36 | TITLE: Dancing on Ice | CONTENT: Phillip Schofield and Christine Bleakley returned to co-present. Dean, Torvill and Karen Barber returned to mentor the celebrities. Robin Cousins, Jason Gardiner, Barber and Ashley Roberts returned for their respective ninth, eighth, seventh and second series on The Ice Panel. Cousins was absent for weeks 6 and 7 due to commentating the 2014 Winter Olympics, so former judge Nicky Slater returned in his place and Barber was temporary head judge. | END ID: 36
ID: 37 | TITLE: B. R. Ambedkar | CONTENT: Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956), popularly known as Baba Saheb, was an Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist Movement and campaigned against social discrimination against Untouchables (Dalits), while also supporting the rights of women and labour.[3][4] He was Independent India's first law minister, the principal architect of the Constitution of India and a founding father of the Republic of India.[5][6][7][8][9] | END ID: 37
ID: 38 | TITLE: List of The Lion King characters | CONTENT: Nala (voiced by Moira Kelly in The Lion King, The Lion King ll: Simba's Pride, and The Lion King 1½, and Gabrielle Union in The Lion Guard) is the daughter of Sarafina, the best friend and later wife of Simba and Kiara and Kion's mother. Although she is a prominent character in The Lion King, she makes minor appearances in Simba's Pride, The Lion King 1½, and The Lion Guard. | END ID: 38
ID: 39 | TITLE: Richard Keith (actor) | CONTENT: Keith Thibodeaux (born December 1, 1950) is a former American child actor of television and film and musician, best known for playing Little Ricky on the television sitcom's I Love Lucy and The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour, his last name "Thibodeaux" which was Cajun French was changed by co-star Desi Arnaz, to "Keith" because his surname was more difficult to pronounce. He is the last living regular appearing cast member from I Love Lucy. | END ID: 39
ID: 40 | TITLE: Heroes and Villains (Only Fools and Horses) | CONTENT: "Heroes and Villains" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, Only Fools and Horses, first screened on 25 December 1996 as the first part of the 1996 Christmas trilogy and the thirteenth Christmas special. It attracted a UK television audience of 21.3 million, at the time a record for the show. In the episode, Del and Rodney are invited to a fancy dress party. They arrive dressed as Batman and Robin. | END ID: 40
ID: 41 | TITLE: Three-point field goal | CONTENT: The three-point line was first tested at the collegiate level in a 1945 NCAA game between Columbia and Fordham but it was not kept as a rule. At the direction of Abe Saperstein, the American Basketball League became the first basketball league to institute the rule in 1961. Its three-point line was a radius of 25 feet (7.62 m) from the baskets, except along the sides.[2] The Eastern Professional Basketball League followed in its 1963–64 season. | END ID: 41
ID: 42 | TITLE: Filename extension | CONTENT: When the Internet age first arrived, those using Windows systems that were still restricted to 8.3 filename formats had to create web pages with names ending in .HTM, while those using Macintosh or UNIX computers could use the recommended .html filename extension. This also became a problem for programmers experimenting with the Java programming language, since it requires source code files to have the four-letter suffix .java and compiles object code output files with the five-letter .class suffix.[5] | END ID: 42
ID: 43 | TITLE: Chinese Immigration Act, 1923 | CONTENT: Before 1923, Chinese immigration was heavily controlled by the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885, which imposed a hefty head tax on all immigrants from China. After various members of the federal and some provincial governments (especially British Columbia) put pressure on the federal government to discourage Chinese immigration, the Chinese Immigration Act was passed. It went into effect on July 1, 1923. The act banned Chinese immigrants from entering Canada except those under the following titles: | END ID: 43
ID: 44 | TITLE: We Are the World | CONTENT: "We Are the World" is a song and charity single originally recorded by the supergroup United Support of Artists (USA) for Africa in 1985. It was written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie (with arrangements by Michael Omartian) and produced by Quincy Jones for the album We Are the World. With sales in excess of 20 million copies, it is one of the fewer than 30 all-time physical singles to have sold at least 10 million copies worldwide. | END ID: 44
ID: 45 | TITLE: Serous membrane | CONTENT: In anatomy, serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth tissue membrane consisting of two layers of mesothelium, which secrete serous fluid. The inner layer that covers organs (viscera) in body cavities is called the visceral membrane. A second layer of epithelial cells of the serous membrane, called the parietal layer, lines the body wall. Between the two layers is a potential space, mostly empty except for a few milliliters of lubricating serous fluid that is secreted by the two serous membranes.[1] | END ID: 45
ID: 46 | TITLE: Ozarks | CONTENT: There are two mountain ranges within the Ozarks: the Boston Mountains of Arkansas and the St. Francois Mountains of Missouri. Buffalo Lookout, the highest point in the Ozarks, is located in the Boston Mountains. Geologically, the area is a broad dome with the exposed core in the St. Francois Mountains. The Ozarks cover nearly 47,000 square miles, making it the most extensive highland region between the Appalachians and Rockies. Together with the Ouachita Mountains, the area is known as the U.S. Interior Highlands. | END ID: 46
ID: 47 | TITLE: I Wanna Be Sedated | CONTENT: "I Wanna Be Sedated" is a song by the American punk rock band the Ramones. It is one of the band's best known songs.[1] It was originally released on their fourth album, Road to Ruin, in September 1978 and was the B-side of the UK single "She's the One" released on September 21,1978.[2] The song was later released as a single in the Netherlands in 1978,[3] then in the U.S. in 1980 by RSO Records from the Times Square soundtrack album. | END ID: 47
ID: 48 | TITLE: Cadillac Mountain | CONTENT: Driving or hiking to the summit of Cadillac Mountain to see "the nation's first sunrise" is a popular activity among visitors of Acadia National Park. However, Cadillac only sees the first sunrise in the fall and winter, when the sun rises south of due east.[5] During most of the spring and summer, the sun rises first on Mars Hill, 150 miles (240Â km) to the northeast. For a few weeks around the equinoxes, the sun rises first at West Quoddy Head in Lubec, Maine. | END ID: 48
ID: 49 | TITLE: Brisket | CONTENT: Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal. The beef brisket is one of the nine beef primal cuts, though the precise definition of the cut differs internationally. The brisket muscles include the superficial and deep pectorals. As cattle do not have collar bones, these muscles support about 60% of the body weight of standing/moving cattle. This requires a significant amount of connective tissue, so the resulting meat must be cooked correctly to tenderize the connective tissue. | END ID: 49
ID: 50 | TITLE: Communications satellite | CONTENT: Wireless communication uses electromagnetic waves to carry signals. These waves require line-of-sight, and are thus obstructed by the curvature of the Earth. The purpose of communications satellites is to relay the signal around the curve of the Earth allowing communication between widely separated points.[2] Communications satellites use a wide range of radio and microwave frequencies. To avoid signal interference, international organizations have regulations for which frequency ranges or "bands" certain organizations are allowed to use. This allocation of bands minimizes the risk of signal interference.[3] | END ID: 50
ID: 51 | TITLE: Bald eagle | CONTENT: The bald eagle placed in the genus Haliaeetus (sea eagles) which gets both its common and specific scientific names from the distinctive appearance of the adult's head. Bald in the English name is derived from the word piebald, and refers to the white head and tail feathers and their contrast with the darker body.[18] The scientific name is derived from Haliaeetus, New Latin for "sea eagle" (from the Ancient Greek haliaetos), and leucocephalus, Latinized Ancient Greek for "white head," from λευκος leukos ("white") and κεφαλη kephale ("head").[19][20] | END ID: 51
ID: 52 | TITLE: DNA replication | CONTENT: In a cell, DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication, in the genome.[3] Unwinding of DNA at the origin and synthesis of new strands, accommodated by an enzyme known as ligase, results in replication forks growing bi-directionally from the origin. A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis. Most prominently, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new strands by adding nucleotides that complement each (template) strand. DNA replication occurs during the S-stage of interphase. | END ID: 52
ID: 53 | TITLE: Krypton-85 | CONTENT: It has a half-life of 10.756 years and a maximum decay energy of 687 keV.[1] It decays into stable, non-radioactive rubidium-85. Its most common decay (99.57%) is by beta particle emission with maximum energy of 687 keV and an average energy of 251 keV. The second most common decay (0.43%) is by beta particle emission (maximum energy of 173 keV) followed by gamma ray emission (energy of 514 keV).[2] Other decay modes have very small probabilities and emit less energetic gammas.[1][3] There are 33 other known isotopes of krypton. | END ID: 53
ID: 54 | TITLE: Dirty Dancing (2017 film) | CONTENT: Filming was based in Hendersonville, North Carolina. Most of the filming locations were across western North Carolina including Asheville, Cashiers and Saluda, with filming taking place in April and May 2016.[18][19] People living in the Hendersonville area served as crew members, extras and dancers, and they were invited to provide cars from the 1960s. Much of the filming took place at High Hampton Inn in Cashiers.[20] It created an estimated 1,225 jobs, including 900 extras, 30 cast members and 225 crew positions to support the project.[21] | END ID: 54
ID: 55 | TITLE: Where Are Ü Now | CONTENT: "Where Are Ü Now" is a song produced by American EDM artists Skrillex and Diplo under their collaborative effort Jack Ü, with vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber. The song was released as the second single from the duo's debut studio album, Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü (2015), on their respective labels OWSLA and Mad Decent, and is also included on Bieber's fourth studio album Purpose (2015). It was released simultaneously with the album on February 27, 2015, later sent to mainstream radio on April 21, 2015. | END ID: 55
ID: 56 | TITLE: Ministry of Corporate Affairs | CONTENT: The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) is an Indian government ministry.This Ministry is primarily concerned with administration of the Companies Act 2013, the Companies Act 1956, the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 & other allied Acts and rules & regulations framed there-under mainly for regulating the functioning of the corporate sector in accordance with law.[1] It is responsible mainly for regulation of Indian enterprises in Industrial and Services sector. The current minister of corporate affairs is Arun Jaitley. The current Minister of State for Corporate Affairs is Mr. PP Choudhary. | END ID: 56
ID: 57 | TITLE: History of the world's tallest buildings | CONTENT: The earliest structures now known to be the tallest in the world were the Egyptian pyramids, with the Great Pyramid of Giza, at an original height of 146.5 metres (481 ft), being the tallest man–made structure in the world for over 3,800 years, until the construction of Lincoln Cathedral in 1300. From then until the completion of the Washington Monument (capped in 1884) the world's tallest buildings were churches or cathedrals. Later, the Eiffel Tower and, still later, some radio masts and television towers were the world's tallest structures. | END ID: 57
ID: 58 | TITLE: Over the Garden Wall | CONTENT: The series follows two half-brothers, Wirt and Greg (voiced by Elijah Wood and Collin Dean respectively), who become lost in a strange forest called the Unknown. In order to find their way home, the two must travel across the seemingly supernatural forest with the occasional help of the wandering, mysterious and elderly Woodsman (Christopher Lloyd) and Beatrice (Melanie Lynskey), an irritable bluebird who travels with the boys in order to find a woman called Adelaide, who can supposedly undo the curse on Beatrice and her family and show the half-brothers the way home.[1] | END ID: 58
ID: 59 | TITLE: The Waltons | CONTENT: The television movie The Homecoming: A Christmas Story was broadcast on December 19, 1971.[1] Based on its success, the CBS television network ordered one season of episodes based on the same characters and that became the television series The Waltons.[2] Beginning in September 1972, the series subsequently aired on CBS for nine seasons. After the series was canceled by CBS in 1981, NBC aired three television movie sequels in 1982, with three more in the 1990s on CBS. The Waltons was produced by Lorimar Productions and distributed by Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution in syndication. | END ID: 59
ID: 60 | TITLE: Sauron | CONTENT: With Sauron's assistance, the Elven-smiths forged the Rings of Power, which conferred great power upon their bearers. He then secretly forged the One Ring in the volcanic Mount Doom in Mordor. This "One Ring to rule them all" had the power to dominate the other Rings and enslave their wearers to Sauron's will. The Rings of Power were extremely potent, however; to create an instrument that could dominate even them, Sauron was forced to transfer a great part of his native power into it. Yet "while he wore it, his power on earth was actually enhanced".[30] | END ID: 60
ID: 61 | TITLE: Christmas tree | CONTENT: Although the tradition of decorating the home with evergreens was long established,[32] the custom of decorating an entire small tree was unknown in Britain until some two centuries ago. At the time of the personal union with Hanover, George III's German-born wife, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, introduced a Christmas tree at a party she gave for children in 1800.[33] The custom did not at first spread much beyond the royal family.[34] Queen Victoria as a child was familiar with it and a tree was placed in her room every Christmas. In her journal for Christmas Eve 1832, the delighted 13-year-old princess wrote:[35] | END ID: 61
ID: 62 | TITLE: 49th Academy Awards | CONTENT: This Academy Awards ceremony is notable for Peter Finch becoming the first posthumous winner of an Oscar for acting, a feat matched only by fellow Australian Heath Ledger 32 years later; Finch had suffered a fatal heart attack in mid-January. Beatrice Straight set another record by becoming the actor with the shortest performance ever in a film to win an acting Oscar, with only five minutes and two seconds of screen-time in Network. Network, along with All the President's Men, were the two biggest champs of the ceremony with four Oscars each, but Best Picture and Best Director ultimately went to Rocky. | END ID: 62
ID: 63 | TITLE: Rick and Morty | CONTENT: Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science fiction comedy series created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim. The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his fretful, easily influenced grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures. The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017. A fourth season has been mentioned, first by Harmon in a September 2017 interview, and later in the post-credits scene of the third season's finale. However, as of April 2018, its future remains uncertain. | END ID: 63
ID: 64 | TITLE: Salary cap | CONTENT: The cap was first introduced for the 1994 season and was initially $34.6 million. Both the cap and the floor are adjusted annually based on the league's revenues, and they have increased each year. In 2009, the final capped year under that agreement, the cap was $128 million per team, while the floor was 87.6% of the cap. Using the formula provided in the league's collective bargaining agreement, the floor in 2009 was $112.1 million. Under the NFL's agreement with the NFLPA, the effects on the salary cap of guaranteed payments (such as signing bonuses) are, with a few rare exceptions, prorated evenly over the term of the contract. | END ID: 64
ID: 65 | TITLE: Fibula | CONTENT: The fibula or calf bone is a leg bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the slenderest of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the level of the knee joint, and excluded from the formation of this joint. Its lower extremity inclines a little forward, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end; it projects below the tibia, and forms the lateral part of the ankle-joint. | END ID: 65
ID: 66 | TITLE: Hawaii | CONTENT: The history of Hawaii's economy can be traced through a succession of dominant industries; sandalwood,[140] whaling,[141] sugarcane, pineapple, the military, tourism and education. Since statehood in 1959, tourism has been the largest industry, contributing 24.3% of the gross state product (GSP) in 1997, despite efforts to diversify. The state's gross output for 2003 was US$47Â billion; per capita income for Hawaii residents in 2014 was US$54,516.[142] Hawaiian exports include food and clothing. These industries play a small role in the Hawaiian economy, due to the shipping distance to viable markets, such as the West Coast of the contiguous U.S. The state's food exports include coffee, macadamia nuts, pineapple, livestock, sugarcane and honey.[143] | END ID: 66
ID: 67 | TITLE: G. Sankara Kurup | CONTENT: G. Sankara Kurup, (3 June 1901, Nayathode, Kingdom of Cochin (now in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India) – 2 February 1978, Vappalassery, Angamaly, Ernakulam district, Kerala), better known as Mahakavi G (The Great Poet G), was the first winner of the Jnanpith Award, India's highest literary award.[1][2] He won the prize in 1965 for his collection of poems in Malayalam Odakkuzhal (The Bamboo Flute, 1950). With part of the prize money he established the literary award Odakkuzhal in 1968. He was also the recipient of the Soviet Land Nehru Award, in 1967, and the Padma Bhushan in 1968.[3] His poetry collection Viswadarshanam won the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award in 1961 and Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award in 1963. | END ID: 67
ID: 68 | TITLE: Serial (literature) | CONTENT: Serialized fiction surged in popularity during Britain's Victorian era, due to a combination of the rise of literacy, technological advances in printing, and improved economics of distribution.[3]:34 Most Victorian novels first appeared as installments in monthly or weekly periodicals.[3]:13 The wild success of Charles Dickens's The Pickwick Papers, first published in 1836, is widely considered to have established the viability and appeal of the serialized format within periodical literature. During that era, the line between "quality" and "commercial" literature was not distinct.[3]:31 Other famous writers who wrote serial literature for popular magazines were Wilkie Collins, inventor of the detective novel withThe Moonstone and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who created the Sherlock Holmes stories originally for serialization in The Strand magazine. | END ID: 68
ID: 69 | TITLE: You'll Never Walk Alone | CONTENT: "You'll Never Walk Alone" is a show tune from the 1945 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Carousel. In the second act of the musical, Nettie Fowler, the cousin of the female protagonist Julie Jordan, sings "You'll Never Walk Alone" to comfort and encourage Julie when her husband, Billy Bigelow, the male lead, commits suicide after a failed robbery attempt. It is reprised in the final scene to encourage a graduation class of which Louise (Billy and Julie's daughter) is a member. The now invisible Billy, who has been granted the chance to return to Earth for one day in order to redeem himself, watches the ceremony and is able to silently motivate the unhappy Louise to join in the song. | END ID: 69
ID: 70 | TITLE: Pluto (mythology) | CONTENT: Plūtō ([ˈpluːtoː]; genitive Plūtōnis) is the Latinized form of the Greek Plouton. Pluto's Roman equivalent is Dis Pater, whose name is most often taken to mean "Rich Father" and is perhaps a direct translation of Plouton. Pluto was also identified with the obscure Roman Orcus, like Hades the name of both a god of the underworld and the underworld as a place. The borrowed Greek name Pluto is sometimes used for the ruler of the dead in Latin literature, leading some mythology handbooks to assert misleadingly that Pluto was the Roman counterpart of Hades.[4] Pluto (Pluton in French and German, Plutone in Italian) becomes the most common name for the classical ruler of the underworld in subsequent Western literature and other art forms. | END ID: 70
ID: 71 | TITLE: Cooling tower | CONTENT: Cooling towers originated in the 19th century through the development of condensers for use with the steam engine.[2] Condensers use relatively cool water, via various means, to condense the steam coming out of the cylinders or turbines. This reduces the back pressure, which in turn reduces the steam consumption, and thus the fuel consumption, while at the same time increasing power and recycling boiler-water.[3] However the condensers require an ample supply of cooling water, without which they are impractical.[4][5] The consumption of cooling water by inland processing and power plants is estimated to reduce power availability for the majority of thermal power plants by 2040–2069.[6] While water usage is not an issue with marine engines, it forms a significant limitation for many land-based systems. | END ID: 71
ID: 72 | TITLE: Gravity | CONTENT: Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another, including objects ranging from atoms and photons, to planets and stars. Since energy and mass are equivalent, all forms of energy (including light) cause gravitation and are under the influence of it. On Earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects, and the Moon's gravity causes the ocean tides. The gravitational attraction of the original gaseous matter present in the Universe caused it to begin coalescing, forming stars – and for the stars to group together into galaxies – so gravity is responsible for many of the large scale structures in the Universe. Gravity has an infinite range, although its effects become increasingly weaker on farther objects. | END ID: 72
ID: 73 | TITLE: Jugantar Patrika | CONTENT: The paper rapidly acquired a broad popularity, at one time having a readership of 20,000. Bhupendranath Dutt served as the editor of the newspaper till his arrest in 1907, although it also published articles from a number of noted Bengali revolutionaries including Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Aurobindo Ghosh. It faced prosecution a number of times by the British Indian government for publishing seditious articles. Bhupendranath Dutt was arrested in 1907 for publication of articles "inciting violence against the Government of India", for which he was sentenced to a year's rigorous imprisonment. The paper was ultimately forced to shut down in 1908, amidst financial ruins following the prosecutions, and after the passage of The Newspapers (Incitement to offences) act in June 1908 which made its position vulnerable. | END ID: 73
ID: 74 | TITLE: Huntington's disease | CONTENT: The first likely description of the disease was in 1841 by Charles Oscar Waters.[7] The condition was described in further detail in 1872 by the physician George Huntington, after whom it is named.[7] The genetic basis was discovered in 1993 by an international collaborative effort led by the Hereditary Disease Foundation.[8][9] Research and support organizations began forming in the late 1960s to increase public awareness, to provide support for individuals and their families, and to promote research.[9][10] Current research directions include determining the exact mechanism of the disease, improving animal models to aid with research, testing of medications to treat symptoms or slow the progression of the disease, and studying procedures such as stem cell therapy with the goal of repairing damage caused by the disease.[8] | END ID: 74
ID: 75 | TITLE: Alpha Centauri | CONTENT: Alpha Centauri (α Centauri, abbreviated Alpha Cen, α Cen) is the closest star system to the Solar System, being 4.37 light-years (1.34 pc) from the Sun. It consists of three stars: Alpha Centauri A (also named Rigil Kentaurus[13]) and Alpha Centauri B, which form the binary star Alpha Centauri AB, and a small and faint red dwarf, Alpha Centauri C (also named Proxima Centauri[13]), which is loosely gravitationally bound and orbiting the other two at a current distance of about 13,000 astronomical units (0.21 ly). To the unaided eye, the two main components appear as a single point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of −0.27, forming the brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus and is the third-brightest star in the night sky, outshone only by Sirius and Canopus. | END ID: 75
ID: 76 | TITLE: Number Eight (Battlestar Galactica) | CONTENT: In the episode "Kobol's Last Gleaming", Commander Adama sends Boomer on a mission to destroy the basestar orbiting Kobol. On the basestar, she encounters numerous other Number Eight copies identical to herself but she refuses to accept she is a Cylon and personally sets the bomb. After returning to Galactica, her hidden programming takes over and she shoots Commander Adama twice in the chest, putting him in a coma. She is put in the brig and violently interrogated by Colonel Tigh, who has taken command of Galactica during Adama's incapacity. Tyrol is also suspected of being a Cylon because of his relationship with her, and is thrown in her cell. He tells her not to speak to him or even touch him; he insists she is a machine and nothing like him. | END ID: 76
ID: 77 | TITLE: Lykan HyperSport | CONTENT: The Lykan Hypersport is a Lebanese limited production supercar built by W Motors, a United Arab Emirates based company, founded in 2012 in Lebanon with the collaboration of Lebanese, French[1] and Italian engineers.[2] It is the first supercar to be produced in the Middle East, and is featured in the film Furious 7, and the video games Project CARS, Driveclub, Asphalt 8: Airborne, Asphalt Nitro, Forza Motorsport 6, and GT Racing 2: The Real Car Experience, Forza Horizon 3, CSR Racing and CSR Racing 2.[3] The Lykan can also be briefly seen in the second Fate of the Furious trailer, however, the Lykan does not make an appearance, the footage is from the seventh movie, Fast and Furious 7. It is the first car to be designed and produced indigenously in the Arab World.[4] | END ID: 77
ID: 78 | TITLE: Chromosome | CONTENT: Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form).[3] Before this happens, every chromosome is copied once (S phase), and the copy is joined to the original by a centromere, resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. The original chromosome and the copy are now called sister chromatids. During metaphase the X-shape structure is called a metaphase chromosome. In this highly condensed form chromosomes are easiest to distinguish and study.[4] In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during segregation.[5] | END ID: 78
ID: 79 | TITLE: Trolls: The Beat Goes On! | CONTENT: Trolls: The Beat Goes On! is a 2018 American animated television series produced by DreamWorks Animation that is based on the 3D computer-animated musical romantic comedy film Trolls. The series premiered on Netflix on January 19, 2018 exclusively in the United States, Canada, Latin America, United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, the Nordics, Benelux, and France.[1] Amanda Leighton, Skylar Astin, Kari Wahlgren, Sam Lerner, David Kaye, David Fynn, Sean T. Krishnan, Kevin Michael Richardson, and Fryda Wolff provide the new voices for Poppy, Branch, Bridget, King Gristle, King Peppy, Biggie, Guy Diamond, Smidge, and DJ Suki and Satin & Chenille for this series respectively; only Ron Funches and Walt Dohrn reprise their roles as Cooper and Cloud Guy, also respectively.[2] Matt Lowe also voices Creek in the series, who returns in "Creek Week". | END ID: 79
ID: 80 | TITLE: SAT | CONTENT: On March 5, 2014, the College Board announced its plan to redesign the SAT in order to link the exam more closely to the work high school students encounter in the classroom.[7] The new exam was administered for the first time in March 2016.[81] Some of the major changes are: an emphasis on the use of evidence to support answers, a shift away from obscure vocabulary to words that students are more likely to encounter in college and career, a math section that is focused on fewer areas, a return to the 1600-point score scale, an optional essay, and the removal of penalty for wrong answers (rights-only scoring).[82] To combat the perceived advantage of costly test preparation courses, the College Board announced a new partnership with Khan Academy to offer free online practice problems and instructional videos.[7] | END ID: 80
ID: 81 | TITLE: New York Giants | CONTENT: The Giants were one of five teams that joined the NFL in 1925, and is the only one of that group still existing, as well as the league's longest-established team in the Northeastern United States. The team ranks third among all NFL franchises with eight NFL championship titles: four in the pre–Super Bowl era (1927, 1934, 1938, 1956) and four since the advent of the Super Bowl (Super Bowls XXI (1986), XXV (1990), XLII (2007), and XLVI (2011)), along with more championship appearances than any other team, with 19 overall appearances. Their championship tally is surpassed only by the Green Bay Packers (13) and Chicago Bears (9). Throughout their history, the Giants have featured 28 Hall of Fame players, including NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winners Mel Hein, Frank Gifford, Y. A. Tittle, and Lawrence Taylor. | END ID: 81
ID: 82 | TITLE: Puerto Rico | CONTENT: Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people, the island was claimed in 1493 by Christopher Columbus for Spain during his second voyage. Later it endured invasion attempts from the French, Dutch, and British. Four centuries of Spanish colonial government influenced the island's cultural landscapes with waves of African slaves, Canarian, and Andalusian settlers. In the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico played a secondary, but strategic role when compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and the mainland parts of New Spain.[22][23] Spain's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century, helping to produce a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined elements from the Native Americans, Africans, and Iberians.[24] In 1898, following the Spanish–American War, the United States acquired Puerto Rico under the terms of the Treaty of Paris. The treaty took effect on April 11, 1899.[4] | END ID: 82
ID: 83 | TITLE: A (Pretty Little Liars) | CONTENT: After the revelation of Mona Vanderwaal as the first and original "A", she began receiving visits from someone, known as Red Coat, who offered her a partnership and together they built up the "A-Team". The team had many members but disbanded after the season three finale and Big A began working with a single ally. The identity of the second "A", Red Coat, and the leader of the "A-Team" was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as "A.D.", while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then, in the Series Finale, "A.D." reveals themselves to be Alex Drake, the twin sister of Spencer. | END ID: 83
ID: 84 | TITLE: Cristiano Ronaldo | CONTENT: Born and raised on the Portuguese island of Madeira, Ronaldo was diagnosed with a racing heart at age 15. He underwent an operation to treat his condition, and began his senior club career playing for Sporting CP, before signing with Manchester United at age 18 in 2003. After winning his first trophy, the FA Cup, during his first season in England, he helped United win three successive Premier League titles, a UEFA Champions League title, and a FIFA Club World Cup. By age 22, he had received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations and at age 23, he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards. In 2009, Ronaldo was the subject of the most expensive association football transfer[note 3] when he moved from Manchester United to Real Madrid in a transfer worth €94 million (£80 million). | END ID: 84
ID: 85 | TITLE: Protein biosynthesis | CONTENT: Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus, where the DNA is held. The DNA structure of the cell is made up of two helixes made up of sugar and phosphate held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases of opposite strands. The sugar and the phosphate in each strand are joined together by stronger phosphodiester covalent bonds. The DNA is "unzipped" (disruption of hydrogen bonds between different single strands) by the enzyme helicase, leaving the single nucleotide chain open to be copied. RNA polymerase reads the DNA strand from the 3-prime (3') end to the 5-prime (5') end, while it synthesizes a single strand of messenger RNA in the 5'-to-3' direction. The general RNA structure is very similar to the DNA structure, but in RNA the nucleotide uracil takes the place that thymine occupies in DNA. The single strand of mRNA leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores, and migrates into the cytoplasm. | END ID: 85
ID: 86 | TITLE: Heath Ledger | CONTENT: Ledger died on 22 January 2008[5][1] from an accidental intoxication from prescription drugs.[7][8][9] A few months before his death, Ledger had finished filming his performance as The Joker in The Dark Knight. His death occurred during editing of The Dark Knight and in the midst of filming his last role as Tony in The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. His untimely death cast a shadow over the subsequent promotion of the $185 million Batman production.[10] Ledger received numerous posthumous accolades for his critically acclaimed performance in the film, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, a Best Actor International Award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards (for which he became the first actor to win an award posthumously),[11] the 2008 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor, the 2009 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture,[12] and the 2009 BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor.[4] | END ID: 86
ID: 87 | TITLE: Bill of Rights 1689 | CONTENT: The Bill of Rights, also known as the English Bill of Rights, is an Act of the Parliament of England that deals with constitutional matters and sets out certain basic civil rights. It received the Royal Assent on 16 December 1689 and is a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William III and Mary II in February 1689, inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England. The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament, including the requirement for regular parliaments, free elections, and freedom of speech in Parliament. It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law. Furthermore, the Bill of Rights described and condemned several misdeeds of James II of England.[1] | END ID: 87
ID: 88 | TITLE: Eligible receiver | CONTENT: In both American and Canadian professional football, every player on the defensive team is considered eligible. The offensive team must have at least seven players lined up on the line of scrimmage. Of the players on the line of scrimmage, only the two players on the ends of the line of scrimmage are eligible receivers. The remaining players are in the backfield (four in American football, five in Canadian football), including the quarterback. These backfield players are also eligible receivers. In the National Football League, a quarterback who takes his stance behind center as a T-formation quarterback is not eligible unless, before the ball is snapped, he legally moves to a position at least one yard behind the line of scrimmage or on the end of the line, and is stationary in that position for at least one second before the snap, but is nonetheless not counted toward the seven men required on the line of scrimmage.[3] | END ID: 88
ID: 89 | TITLE: Human hair color | CONTENT: Blond hair can have almost any proportion of pheomelanin and eumelanin, but has only small amounts of both. More pheomelanin creates a more golden or strawberry blond color, and more eumelanin creates an ash or sandy blond color. Many children born with blond hair develop darker hair as they age, with the majority of natural blonds developing a hair color of a dark blond hue by the time they reach middle age. Pregnancy hormones hasten this process. Natural light blond hair is rare in adulthood, with claims of the world's population ranging from 2% naturally blond[3][self-published source] to 16% in the US.[4] Blond hair is most commonly found in Northern and Western Europeans and their descendants but can be found spread around most of Europe. Studies in 2012 showed that naturally blond hair of Melanesians is caused by a recessive mutation in tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1). In the Solomon Islands, 26% of the population carry the gene; however, it is absent outside of Oceania.[5] | END ID: 89
ID: 90 | TITLE: You Get Me (film) | CONTENT: When Tyler arrives, he sees Holly sitting in front of the fireplace, the first place he saw her the morning he woke up in her house previously. Holly tries recreating the weekend as Tyler runs around the house looking for Ali. He discovers Ali unconscious tied mid-air to the ceiling, forehead bleeding. He lowers her down, wakes her up, grabs a fire poker and starts trying to escape the house as Holly goes to get her gun. Tyler and Ali make it outside and before they get away, Holly stops them at gunpoint. Tyler tells Holly that he loves Ali and not her and he never will. Gil shows up behind them calling out Holly's name. Distracted, Holly shoots Tyler in the shoulder then attempts to shoot Gil but misses. Ali picks up the fire poker and stabs Holly in the side, causing Holly to fall back into the pool. Gil and Ali huddle around Tyler while waiting for the police to arrive. | END ID: 90
ID: 91 | TITLE: Balaam | CONTENT: Balaam sends back word that he can only do what YHWH commands, and God has, via a nocturnal dream, told him not to go. Balak consequently sends higher-ranking priests and offers Balaam honours; Balaam continues to press God, and God finally permits him to go but with instructions to say only what he commands. Balaam then sets out in the morning with the princes of Moab. God becomes angry that he went, and sends the Angel of the Lord (Numbers 22:22) to prevent him. At first, the angel is seen only by the donkey Balaam is riding, which tries to avoid the angel. After Balaam starts punishing the donkey for refusing to move, it is miraculously given the power to speak to Balaam (Numbers 22:28), and it complains about Balaam's treatment. At this point, Balaam is allowed to see the angel, who informs him that the donkey is the only reason the angel did not kill Balaam. Balaam immediately repents, but is told to go on. | END ID: 91
ID: 92 | TITLE: List of Eurovision Song Contest winners | CONTENT: There have been 62 contests, with one winner each year except the tied 1969 contest, which had four. Twenty-seven different countries have won the contest. Switzerland won the first contest in 1956. The country with the highest number of wins is Ireland, with seven. The only person to have won more than once as performer is Ireland's Johnny Logan, who performed "What's Another Year" in 1980 and "Hold Me Now" in 1987. Logan is also one of only five songwriters to have written more than one winning entry ("Hold Me Now" 1987 and "Why Me?" 1992, performed by Linda Martin).[3] This unique distinction makes Logan the only person to have three Eurovision victories to his/her credit, as either singer, songwriter or both. The other four songwriters with more than one winning entry to their credit are, Willy van Hemert (Netherlands, 1957 and 1959), Yves Dessca (Monaco, 1971 and Luxembourg, 1972), Rolf Løvland (Norway, 1985 and 1995) and Brendan Graham (Ireland, 1994 and 1996). | END ID: 92
ID: 93 | TITLE: Call Me by Your Name (film) | CONTENT: The film was shot primarily in Crema,[14][25] and in the nearby villages of Pandino and Moscazzano. It was shot during an unexpected historic rainstorm in Italy, described by the weather reports as a "once-in-century rain."[48] The pre-production in Crema was fast:[10] a search for extras began there in March and April.[55][56] Scenes from Pandino and Moscazzano were filmed from May 17,[57][58] before moving to Crema on June 1.[59] Additional outdoor scenes were shot at the Palazzo Albergoni on December 4, 2016.[60][61] Several historical locations in the surrounding streets in Crema and Pandino were chosen during production, including the Crema Cathedral.[57][62] Businesses received compensation for financial losses caused by the closure, scheduled for May 30 and 31.[63] Two days' filming at the cathedral were postponed due to the weather.[62] Production in Crema cost €18,000,[64] with a promotion campaign that cost €7,500.[65] Filming also took place at the Grottoes of Catullus by Lake Garda in Sirmione,[66] the Cascate del Serio in Bergamo,[67] and in two small towns in the immediate vicinity of Crema: Montodine and Ripalta.[8][60] | END ID: 93
ID: 94 | TITLE: J. Wellington Wimpy | CONTENT: Hamburgers are Wimpy's all-time favorite food, and he is usually seen carrying or eating one or more at a time – e.g., in Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor he is seen grinding meat or eating burgers almost the entire time – however, he is usually too cheap to pay for them himself. A recurring joke involves Wimpy's attempts to con other patrons of the diner into buying his meal for him. His best-known catchphrase started in 1931 as, "Cook me up a hamburger. I'll pay you Thursday." In 1932, this then became the famous, "I'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today."[5] The phrase was also slightly altered in the episode "Spree Lunch" to "I'll have a hamburger, for which I will gladly pay you Tuesday." This phrase is now commonly used to illustrate financial irresponsibility[6][7][8] and still appears in modern comedies such as The Drew Carey Show and The Office. The initial part of the phrase was even the title of Episode 6 of the fourth season of Cheers "I'll Gladly Pay You Tuesday." | END ID: 94
ID: 95 | TITLE: List of Rugrats episodes | CONTENT: The series premiered on Sunday, August 11, 1991, as the second Nicktoon after Doug and preceding The Ren & Stimpy Show. Production initially halted in 1993 after 65 episodes, with the last episode airing on May 22, 1994. From 1995 to 1996, the only new episodes broadcast were "A Rugrats Passover" and "A Rugrats Chanukah", two Jewish-themed episodes that received critical acclaim; during this time, well-after the end of the show's production run, Rugrats began to receive a boost in ratings and popularity, due to constant reruns on Nickelodeon. In 1996, Klasky Csupo Animation began producing new episodes, and the show's fourth season began airing in 1997. As a result of the show's popularity, a series of theatrical films were released; The Rugrats Movie, which introduced Tommy's younger brother Dil, was released in 1998, Rugrats in Paris: The Movie, which introduced Kimi and Kira, released in 2000, and Rugrats Go Wild, a crossover film with fellow Klasky Csupo series The Wild Thornberrys, released in 2003. The final episode aired on August 1, 2004,[3] bringing the series to a total of 172 episodes and 9 seasons during a 12-year run. | END ID: 95
ID: 96 | TITLE: 101 Dalmatians (1996 film) | CONTENT: American video game designer Roger Dearly (Jeff Daniels) lives with his pet dalmatian Pongo in London. One day, Pongo sets his eyes on a beautiful female dalmatian named Perdy. After a frantic chase through the streets of London that ends in St. James's Park, Roger discovers that Pongo likes Perdy. Her owner, Anita Campbell-Green (Joely Richardson) falls in love with Roger when they meet. They both fall into the lake as a result of their dogs chasing each other, but they return to Roger's home and Anita accepts his proposal. They get married along with Perdita and Pongo. Anita works as a fashion designer at the House of de Vil. Her boss, the pampered and very glamorous Cruella de Vil (Glenn Close), has a deep passion for fur, going so far as to have a taxidermist, Mr Skinner, skin a white tiger at the London Zoo to make it into a rug for her. Anita, inspired by her dalmatian, designs a coat made with spotted fur. Cruella is intrigued by the idea of making garments out of actual dalmatians, and finds it amusing that it would seem as if she was wearing Anita's dog. | END ID: 96
ID: 97 | TITLE: The Young and the Restless | CONTENT: Taped at CBS Television City, studios 41 and 43 in Hollywood since its debut on March 26, 1973,[50] the show was packaged by the distribution company Columbia Pictures Television, which has now been replaced by Sony Pictures Television.[4][51] The Young and the Restless originally aired as a half-hour series on CBS and was the first soap opera to focus on the visual aspects of production, creating "a look that broke with the visual conventions of the genre."[3][4] Similar to the radio serials that had preceded them, soap operas at the time primarily focused on dialogue, characters, and story, with details like sets as secondary concerns.[3] The Young and the Restless stood out by using unique lighting techniques and camera angles, similar to Hollywood-style productions.[51][52] The style of videotaping included using out-of-the-ordinary camera angles and a large number of facial close-ups with bright lighting on the actors' faces.[3][51][52][53] Conboy said he used lighting to create "artistic effects".[52] Those effects made the series look dark, shadowy, and moody.[3][52] The Young and the Restless' look influenced the taping styles of other soap operas.[3] When H. Wesley Kenney replaced Conboy as executive producer, he balanced the lighting of the scenes.[53] | END ID: 97
ID: 98 | TITLE: Israeli Declaration of Independence | CONTENT: As leader of the Yishuv, David Ben-Gurion was the first person to sign. The declaration was due to be signed by all 37 members of Moetzet HaAm. However, twelve members could not attend, eleven of them trapped in besieged Jerusalem and one abroad. The remaining 25 signatories present were called up in alphabetical order to sign, leaving spaces for those absent. Although a space was left for him between the signatures of Eliyahu Dobkin and Meir Vilner, Zerach Warhaftig signed at the top of the next column, leading to speculation that Vilner's name had been left alone to isolate him, or to stress that even a communist agreed with the declaration.[15] However, Warhaftig later denied this, stating that a space had been left for him (as he was one of the signatories trapped in Jerusalem) where a Hebraicised form of his name would have fitted alphabetically, but he insisted on signing under his actual name so as to honour his father's memory and so moved down two spaces. He and Vilner would be the last surviving signatories, and remained close for the rest of their lives. Of the signatories, two were women (Golda Meir (Meyerson/Myerson) and Rachel Cohen-Kagan).[18] | END ID: 98
ID: 99 | TITLE: Baby (Justin Bieber song) | CONTENT: The song is predominantly upbeat, featuring Bieber's R&B vocals over a backdrop containing a dance infused beat, full of keyboard and "disco string" synths.[7] The song is composed in the key of E♭ major with Bieber's vocal range spanning from the low-note of G3 to the high-note of C5.[8][9] According to Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone, the song "blends winks at Fifties doo-wop with hip-hop chants", comparing the style and the lyrics "My first love broke my heart for the first time/And I was like/Baby, baby, baby, ooooh/I thought you'd always be mine" to fifties ballads like "Tears on My Pillow", "Why Do Fools Fall in Love" and "Earth Angel".[9] Lyrically, Bieber's lines explain his distress over his lost love, and promise to get it back, featured in lines like, "And I wanna play it cool/But I'm losin' you…/I'm in pieces/So come and fix me…".[7] The chorus features the distinct and repetitive "baby, baby, baby, ohhhh (nooooo)" hook. After the second verse, Ludacris comes in with the verse-rap, an anecdote of young love when he was thirteen, as it runs "When I was 13/I had my first love/She had me going crazy/Oh, I was star-struck/She woke me up daily/Don't need no Starbucks…".[10] | END ID: 99
ID: 100 | TITLE: Mughal Empire | CONTENT: The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib.[25] | END ID: 100
ID: 101 | TITLE: Qing dynasty | CONTENT: The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. In the late sixteenth century, Nurhaci, originally a Ming vassal, began organizing "Banners", military-social units that included Jurchen, Han Chinese, and Mongol elements. Nurhaci formed the Jurchen clans into a unified entity, which he renamed as the Manchus. By 1636, his son Hong Taiji began driving Ming forces out of Liaodong and declared a new dynasty, the Qing. In 1644, peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the Ming capital, Beijing. Rather than serve them, Ming general Wu Sangui made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by the regent Prince Dorgon, who defeated the rebels and seized the capital. Resistance from the Southern Ming and the Revolt of the Three Feudatories led by Wu Sangui extended the conquest of China proper for nearly four decades and was not completed until 1683 under the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722). The Ten Great Campaigns of the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to the 1790s extended Qing control into Inner Asia. The early rulers maintained their Manchu ways, and while their title was Emperor, they used "Bogd khaan" to the Mongols and they were patrons of Tibetan Buddhism. They governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government and retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus. They also adapted the ideals of the tributary system in dealing with neighboring territories. | END ID: 101
ID: 102 | TITLE: Emma Swan | CONTENT: After Emma and Hook are dragged into Zelena's time portal, she accepts Storybrooke as her home, regaining her magic to re-open the portal to the present where she begins a relationship with Hook. However, unaware to her, she also brings a previously deceased Maid Marian to the future which ruins Regina's happiness, having not heeded the warning of messing with the past. Elsa, who was trapped in an urn, was also brought to Storybrooke by the time portal. While working with Elsa, who helps Emma to finally embrace and control her powers, Emma helps her new friend find her sister and return home while balancing the threat of the Snow Queen against her friends and family. After a period of peace, Emma begins to help Regina on her quest to find the Author of Henry's book. Cruella De Vil and Ursula soon come into town resurrecting Maleficent and working with Rumplestiltskin to find the Author of the magical tome Once Upon a Time. After Cruella De Vil threatens to kill Henry, Emma kills her, soon after learning of her parents' actions of removing Emma's potential for darkness by putting black magic within Maleficent's daughter and Emma's childhood friend Lily.[39] After Emma returns to town, with the encouragement from Hook, she chooses to forgive her parents and let go of her anger. In moments before the finale, Emma is able to finally let her walls down and tells Hook she loves him. Emma then chooses to sacrifice herself for the town of Storybrooke, asking her parents and Hook to save her, she voluntarily plunges the dagger into the Darkness, transforming into the new Dark One. | END ID: 102
ID: 103 | TITLE: North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball | CONTENT: Guthridge retired in 2000 and North Carolina turned to Matt Doherty, the head coach at Notre Dame and a player on the 1982 championship team, to lead the Tar Heels.[31] Doherty had little success while at North Carolina. In his first season, the Heels were ranked #1 in the polls in the middle of the Atlantic Coast Conference schedule and finished with a 26–7 record. But Doherty's second season was the worst in recent history as the Tar Heels finished the season with a record of 8–20, missing postseason play entirely for the first time since the 1965–66 season (including a record 27 straight NCAA Tournament appearances) and finishing with a losing record for the first time since 1962 (Dean Smith's first year as coach). They also finished 4–12 in the ACC—only the program's second losing ACC record ever. The 12 losses were six more than the Tar Heels had ever suffered in a single season of ACC play, and placed them in a tie for 7th place—the program's first finish below fourth place ever. The season also saw the end of UNC's run of 31 straight 20-win seasons and 35 straight seasons of finishing third or higher in the ACC. After bringing in one of the top 5 incoming classes for the 2002–2003 season, the Tar Heels started the season by knocking off a top 5 Kansas team and going on to win the Preseason NIT and returning to the AP top 25. North Carolina went on to finish the season 17–15, missing the NCAA tournament. Matt Doherty led the Tar Heels to the third round of the NIT, where they ended their season with a loss to Georgetown. | END ID: 103
ID: 104 | TITLE: The Star-Spangled Banner | CONTENT: When the National Anthem was first recognized by law in 1932, there was no prescription as to behavior during its playing. On June 22, 1942, the law was revised indicating that those in uniform should salute during its playing, while others should simply stand at attention, men removing their hats. (The same code also required that women should place their hands over their hearts when the flag is displayed during the playing of the Anthem, but not if the flag was not present.) On December 23, 1942 the law was again revised instructing men and women to stand at attention and face in the direction of the music when it was played. That revision also directed men and women to place their hands over their hearts only if the flag was displayed. Those in uniform were required to salute. On July 7, 1976, the law was simplified. Men and women were instructed to stand with their hands over their hearts, men removing their hats, irrespective of whether or not the flag was displayed and those in uniform saluting. On August 12, 1998, the law was rewritten keeping the same instructions, but differentiating between "those in uniform" and "members of the Armed Forces and veterans" who were both instructed to salute during the playing whether or not the flag was displayed. Because of the changes in law over the years and confusion between instructions for the Pledge of Allegence versus the National Anthem, throughout most of the 20th century many people simply stood at attention or with their hands folded in front of them during the playing of the Anthem, and when reciting the Pledge they would hold their hand (or hat) over their heart. After 9/11, the custom of placing the hand over the heart during the playing of the Anthem became nearly universal. [57][58][59] | END ID: 104
ID: 105 | TITLE: Birds of Australia | CONTENT: Australian king parrot | END ID: 105
ID: 106 | TITLE: Racing Post | CONTENT: Star writers and columnists include: | END ID: 106
ID: 107 | TITLE: Kauvery Hospital | CONTENT: Dr Manivannan S (Joint Managing Director) | END ID: 107
ID: 108 | TITLE: Villanova Wildcats men's basketball | CONTENT: National Freshman of the Year | END ID: 108
ID: 109 | TITLE: Frankfurt | CONTENT: Within Frankfurt's urban area are several important companies. | END ID: 109
ID: 110 | TITLE: Monel | CONTENT: Monel has also been used in Kelvinator refrigerators. | END ID: 110
ID: 111 | TITLE: Hydroelectricity | CONTENT: Construction suspended 14 days by court order Aug 2012[55] | END ID: 111
ID: 112 | TITLE: X Games | CONTENT: 25th medal, landing the 1st switch ollie 540. | END ID: 112
ID: 113 | TITLE: Matthew 6:26 | CONTENT: For a collection of other versions see BibRef Matthew 6:26 | END ID: 113
ID: 114 | TITLE: Optic nerve | CONTENT: Cerebral peduncle, optic chasm, cerebral aqueduct. Inferior view. Deep dissection. | END ID: 114
ID: 115 | TITLE: Primary and secondary legislation | CONTENT: Forms of secondary legislation in the United Kingdom include:[4] | END ID: 115
ID: 116 | TITLE: Anxiety disorder | CONTENT: Self-help books can contribute to the treatment of people with anxiety disorders.[93] | END ID: 116
ID: 117 | TITLE: Transistor | CONTENT: The key advantages that have allowed transistors to replace vacuum tubes in most applications are | END ID: 117
ID: 118 | TITLE: Safe Drinking Water Act | CONTENT: In addition to requiring more contaminants to be regulated, the 1986 amendments included: | END ID: 118
ID: 119 | TITLE: Sapta Puri | CONTENT: of the black-headed oriole
calling pilgrims out of the dry land.
This benediction of water, overflowing. | END ID: 119
ID: 120 | TITLE: Nashville (2012 TV series) | CONTENT: The Music of Nashville: Season 5, Volume 1 was released on March 10, 2017. | END ID: 120
ID: 121 | TITLE: A Chinese Odyssey | CONTENT: A third film, A Chinese Odyssey Part Three, was released in China on September 14, 2016.[2] | END ID: 121
ID: 122 | TITLE: Shravanabelagola | CONTENT: The sacred places are spread over two hills, Chandragiri and Vindyagiri, also among the village at the foothill. | END ID: 122
ID: 123 | TITLE: Battle of Shiloh | CONTENT: Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Army of the Tennessee of 44,895[9][24] men consisted of six divisions: | END ID: 123
ID: 124 | TITLE: Pubic symphysis | CONTENT: Symphysiolysis is separation or slipping of the symphysis. It has been estimated to occur in 0.2% of pregnancies.[4] | END ID: 124
ID: 125 | TITLE: English draughts | CONTENT: The woman's championship is more recent and started in 1993, the winners have been from Ireland, Turkmenistan, and the Ukraine. | END ID: 125
ID: 126 | TITLE: History of Egypt | CONTENT: On 28 April, another mass trial took place with 683 Morsi supporters sentenced to death for killing 1 police officer.[56] | END ID: 126
ID: 127 | TITLE: Clef | CONTENT: In modern Gregorian chant notation, the C clef is written (on a four-line stave) in the form and the F clef as | END ID: 127
ID: 128 | TITLE: Interstellar medium | CONTENT: In the series of investigations, Viktor Ambartsumian introduced the now commonly accepted notion that interstellar matter occurs in the form of clouds.[12] | END ID: 128
ID: 129 | TITLE: Islam in the United Kingdom | CONTENT: A 2009 government paper estimated the Nigerian Muslim community as 12,000 to 14,000.[74] The community is concentrated in London. | END ID: 129
ID: 130 | TITLE: List of North Dakota State Bison in the NFL Draft | CONTENT: This is a list of North Dakota State Bison football players in the NFL Draft. | END ID: 130
ID: 131 | TITLE: Sleep | CONTENT: Sleep increases the sensory threshold. In other words, sleeping persons perceive fewer stimuli. However, they can generally still respond to loud noises and other salient sensory events.[7][5] | END ID: 131
ID: 132 | TITLE: School uniforms by country | CONTENT: Nowadays, many pre-schools advise parents to dress their children with a grembiulino, i.e., a small grembiule, usually shorter and more colourful, that can be purchased cheaply. | END ID: 132
ID: 133 | TITLE: Green tea | CONTENT: Green tea extract supplements are accessible over the counter in various forms. Standardized green tea extract is 90 percent total polyphenols, and 1 capsule equals 5 cups of tea.[6][7] | END ID: 133
ID: 134 | TITLE: Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. | CONTENT: In 1941, Kennedy allowed surgeons to perform a lobotomy on his daughter Rosemary. Various reasons for the operation have been given, but it left her permanently incapacitated.[3][4][5] | END ID: 134
ID: 135 | TITLE: Saint Basil's Cathedral | CONTENT: Contemporary commentators clearly identified the new building as Trinity Church, after its easternmost sanctuary;[15] the status of "katholikon" ("sobor", large assembly church) has not been bestowed on it yet: | END ID: 135
ID: 136 | TITLE: Glorfindel | CONTENT: Glorfindel is also playable in the older Middle-earth Collectible Card Game. Here he is one of the most powerful characters outside the circle of the Wizards and Haven-elves (Elrond, Galadriel and Círdan). | END ID: 136
ID: 137 | TITLE: Cancer staging | CONTENT: In situ neoplasia identified microscopically during the diagnostic workup may be used to assign the pathological stage pTis if the patient had a surgical resection and no residual tumor was identified. | END ID: 137
ID: 138 | TITLE: Agriculture | CONTENT: Cropping systems vary among farms depending on the available resources and constraints; geography and climate of the farm; government policy; economic, social and political pressures; and the philosophy and culture of the farmer.[106][107] | END ID: 138
ID: 139 | TITLE: Foreign trade of South Africa | CONTENT: Since the end of apartheid foreign trade in South Africa has increased, following the lifting of several sanctions and boycotts which were imposed as a means of ending apartheid. | END ID: 139
ID: 140 | TITLE: Jaylen Brown | CONTENT: Brown's father is Quenton M. Brown, a professional boxer, who is the 2016 WBU World Champion, the 2015 WBU C.A.M. Heavyweight Champion, and a member of the Hawaii State Boxing Commission Board.[39] | END ID: 140
ID: 141 | TITLE: List of Major League Baseball career WHIP leaders | CONTENT: Below is the list of the top 100 Major League Baseball pitchers in Walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP) with at least 1,000 innings pitched. | END ID: 141
ID: 142 | TITLE: Walton-on-Thames railway station | CONTENT: Rush hour services to London Waterloo only operate in the morning, and services to Woking and Guildford operate in the evening rush hour with one service running semi fast to Basingstoke. | END ID: 142
ID: 143 | TITLE: SSX (series) | CONTENT: On October 20, 2003, SSX 3 was released. It was released on all the same platforms that SSX Tricky was released on, as well as the Gizmondo, and was developed by EA Canada. | END ID: 143
ID: 144 | TITLE: Seashell | CONTENT: Sea shells found in the creek and backwater of the coast of west India are used as an additive to poultry feed. They are crushed and mixed with jawar maaze and dry fish.[citation needed] | END ID: 144
ID: 145 | TITLE: Fatwa | CONTENT: In 2012, the Indonesian Ulema Council issued an edict for Muslims not to wish Christians a happy Christmas. The edict said that wishing a happy Christmas was akin to confirming the "misguided" teachings of Christianity.[55] | END ID: 145
ID: 146 | TITLE: The Pelican Brief (film) | CONTENT: The Pelican Brief has grossed $100 million in the United States and Canada, and $93 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $195.3 million,[2][7][8] against a production budget of $45 million.[1] | END ID: 146
ID: 147 | TITLE: Official languages of the United Nations | CONTENT: The official languages of the United Nations are the six languages that are used in UN meetings, and in which all official UN documents are written. In alphabetical order, they are: | END ID: 147
ID: 148 | TITLE: List of historical acts of tax resistance | CONTENT: In 1903, tens of thousands of British nonconformists began resisting the part of their taxes that paid for sectarian schools. Over 170 would eventually be jailed for their tax refusal.[170] | END ID: 148
ID: 149 | TITLE: Catholic laity | CONTENT: An interval, determined by the Holy See or the conferences of bishops, shall be observed between the conferring of the ministries of reader and acolyte whenever more than one ministry is conferred on the same person."[8] | END ID: 149
ID: 150 | TITLE: Man of Constant Sorrow | CONTENT: On October 13, 2009, on the Diane Rehm Show, Ralph Stanley of the Stanley Brothers, whose autobiography is titled Man of Constant Sorrow,[9] discussed the song, its origin, and his effort to revive it:[10] | END ID: 150
ID: 151 | TITLE: Gas giant | CONTENT: A gas dwarf could be defined as a planet with a rocky core that has accumulated a thick envelope of hydrogen, helium and other volatiles, having as result a total radius between 1.7 and 3.9 Earth-radii.[10][11] | END ID: 151
ID: 152 | TITLE: Jason Paige | CONTENT: Jason Paige (born January 6, 1969) is an American singer, writer, record producer, stage, film, and television actor. Paige is best known for singing the first theme song for the English version of the Pokémon television series. | END ID: 152
ID: 153 | TITLE: Proxy voting | CONTENT: Proxy voting, even if allowed, may be limited to infrequent use if the rules governing a body specify minimum attendance requirements. For instance, bylaws may prescribe that a member can be dropped for missing three consecutive meetings.[72] | END ID: 153
ID: 154 | TITLE: List of largest poker tournaments in history (by prize pool) | CONTENT: Below are the 30 largest poker tournaments with respect to the prize pool in United States dollars and not number of entrants. This list includes live and online poker. | END ID: 154
ID: 155 | TITLE: Arkansas Razorbacks football | CONTENT: On December 4, 2012, it was announced that Bret Bielema would leave the Wisconsin Badgers to become the head coach of the Razorbacks for the 2013 season.[72][73] Bielema is the 33rd head football coach in Arkansas history. | END ID: 155
ID: 156 | TITLE: Crown Royal | CONTENT: The brand was a primary sponsor of the Washington International Horse Show for several years in the 1990s and since 1995 has sponsored the Crown Royal American Turf Stakes, a Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Churchill Downs. | END ID: 156
ID: 157 | TITLE: State of Emergency in India | CONTENT: e. Every state in India except two states, Chhattisgarh and Telangana has been under a state of emergency at some point of time or the other. The state of emergency is commonly known as 'President's Rule'. | END ID: 157
ID: 158 | TITLE: Canada's role in the War in Afghanistan | CONTENT: In February 2008, the Van Doos contingent was replaced by force centred on a PPCLI battle group. Also in February 2008, Canadian Major-General Marc Lessard took command of Regional Command South for a nine-month period. | END ID: 158
ID: 159 | TITLE: The Fab Four (tribute) | CONTENT: The original group, which includes McNeil, along with Ardy Sarraf, Rolo Sandoval and Michael Amador, have performed together as The Fab Four for the past 12 years, covering nearly the entire Beatles songbook, plus solo material as well. | END ID: 159
ID: 160 | TITLE: Maria Makiling | CONTENT: "From then on," Lanuza concludes, "Maria never let herself be seen by the people again. Every time somebody gets lost on the mountain, they remember the curse of the diwata. Yet they also remember the great love of Maria Makiling." | END ID: 160
ID: 161 | TITLE: Local government | CONTENT: Until 1996, the President appointed the mayor of Buenos Aires, and by law, the president and Congress controlled any legislation that affected the city. Constitutional reforms that year led to an elected mayoral position, and a 60-member Poder Legislativo (legislative power). | END ID: 161
ID: 162 | TITLE: Expectation–maximization algorithm | CONTENT: EM is frequently used for data clustering in machine learning and computer vision. In natural language processing, two prominent instances of the algorithm are the Baum-Welch algorithm for hidden Markov models, and the inside-outside algorithm for unsupervised induction of probabilistic context-free grammars. | END ID: 162
ID: 163 | TITLE: Hurricane Gloria | CONTENT: At the same time Gloria was making landfall on Long Island, a storm warning was issued for western New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.[6][10] Across Atlantic Canada, the threat of Hurricane Gloria caused many citizens to rely on American media for storm coverage.[16] | END ID: 163
ID: 164 | TITLE: Carbon dioxide | CONTENT: Carbon dioxide is a food additive used as a propellant and acidity regulator in the food industry. It is approved for usage in the EU[34] (listed as E number E290), US[35] and Australia and New Zealand[36] (listed by its INS number 290). | END ID: 164
ID: 165 | TITLE: Marcelo H. del Pilar | CONTENT: In 1878, del Pilar resumed his law studies at the UST.[24] He earned his licenciado en jurisprudencia (equivalent to a Bachelor of Laws) in 1880.[26] After finishing law, he worked for the Real Audiencia de Manila (Royal Audience of Manila). | END ID: 165
ID: 166 | TITLE: Wikipedia:Autobiography | CONTENT: Writing an autobiography on Wikipedia is an example of conflict of interest editing and is strongly discouraged. Editing a biography about yourself is acceptable only if you are removing unambiguous vandalism or clear-cut and serious violations of our biography of living persons policy. | END ID: 166
ID: 167 | TITLE: Elizabeth Patterson (actress) | CONTENT: Mary Elizabeth Patterson (November 22, 1874 – January 31, 1966) was an American theatre, film, and television character actress who gained popular recognition late in her career playing the elderly neighbor Matilda Trumbull on the television comedy series I Love Lucy.[1] | END ID: 167
ID: 168 | TITLE: Eastern gray squirrel | CONTENT: 20 different Pleistocene fauna specimens contain S. carolinensis, found in Florida and dated to be as early as the late Irvingtonian period.[13] Body size seems to have increased during the early to middle Holocene and then decreased to the present size seen today. | END ID: 168
ID: 169 | TITLE: Boston | CONTENT: Several historic sites relating to the American Revolution period are preserved as part of the Boston National Historical Park because of the city's prominent role. Many are found along the Freedom Trail, which is marked by a red line of bricks embedded in the ground. | END ID: 169
ID: 170 | TITLE: Rabies vaccine | CONTENT: Imrab is an example of a veterinary rabies vaccine containing the Pasteur strain of killed rabies virus. Several different types of Imrab exist, including Imrab, Imrab 3, and Imrab Large Animal. Imrab 3 has been approved for ferrets and, in some areas, pet skunks.[19][20] | END ID: 170
ID: 171 | TITLE: Right of foreigners to vote | CONTENT: In 1960, non-citizen voting rights in local elections were granted for holders of a permanent resident card ("blue card").[2] Most permanent residents, a status created by the 1952 Entry into Israel Law, are migrants, but other groups fall into the same category. | END ID: 171
ID: 172 | TITLE: Metrication in Canada | CONTENT: Free trade with the United States has resulted in continued exposure to the US system. Since the United States is Canada's largest trading partner and vice versa, Canadian exporters and importers must be accustomed to dealing in US customary units as well as metric. | END ID: 172
ID: 173 | TITLE: Boogie Woogie (TV series) | CONTENT: Boogie Woogie was among the first shows to start special dance championships catering to different age groups. In the first two seasons, these championships would be one to two episode long and the one winner would be decided at the end of every episode. | END ID: 173
ID: 174 | TITLE: Boeing 747 | CONTENT: The 747's maximum takeoff weight ranges from 735,000 pounds (333,400 kg) for the -100 to 970,000 lb (439,985 kg) for the -8. Its range has increased from 5,300 nautical miles (6,100 mi, 9,800 km) on the -100 to 8,000 nmi (9,200 mi, 14,815 km) on the -8I.[114][115] | END ID: 174
ID: 175 | TITLE: Jade Cole | CONTENT: Cole was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,[10] and she is of mixed ethnicity: her father is African-American, and her mother is Dutch. Though her ambiguous ethnicity initially caused her annoyance when people questioned her about it, she learned to use it to her advantage in her modeling career.[11] | END ID: 175
ID: 176 | TITLE: Dab (dance) | CONTENT: In Saudi Arabia, the move was made illegal by the National Committee for Drug Control as it was deemed that it "alludes to weed and other illegal substances." In August 2017, Saudi singer and actor Abdallah Al Shaharani was arrested for performing the move at a music festival in Ta'if.[22] | END ID: 176
ID: 177 | TITLE: Consultant | CONTENT: Similarly, the growth of online, highly skilled consultant marketplaces has begun to grow.[4] These online platforms provide consultants with experience working for typical consulting firms to easily transition into freelancing. This means that many consultants have become much more flexible in where they can work and the nature of their work. | END ID: 177
ID: 178 | TITLE: Genetic drift | CONTENT: where T is the number of generations, Ne is the effective population size, and p is the initial frequency for the given allele. The result is the number of generations expected to pass before fixation occurs for a given allele in a population with given size (Ne) and allele frequency (p).[23] | END ID: 178
ID: 179 | TITLE: List of pharaohs | CONTENT: Note that the dates given are approximate. The list of pharaohs presented below is based on the conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt, mostly based on the Digital Egypt for Universities database developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, but alternative dates taken from other authorities may be indicated separately. | END ID: 179
ID: 180 | TITLE: United States Army Corps of Engineers | CONTENT: Review of Corps of Engineers' projects has also been criticized for its lack of impartiality. The investigation of levee failure in New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina was sponsored by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) but funded by the Corps of Engineers and involved its employees.[42][43] | END ID: 180
ID: 181 | TITLE: Climate of Madrid | CONTENT: The highest temperature recorded during the day is 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) on the 10 August 2012. On the August 1933 reported record, the average maximum temperature during the day was 35.5 °C (95.9 °F). The coldest temperature recorded was −10.1 °C (13.8 °F) at night on 16 January 1945.[8] | END ID: 181
ID: 182 | TITLE: Invention of radio | CONTENT: Oliver Heaviside, later reformulated Maxwell's original equations into the set of four vector equations that are generally known today as Maxwell's equations.[33] Neither Maxwell nor Heaviside transmitted or received radio waves; however, their equations for electromagnetic fields established principles for radio design, and remain the standard expression of classical electromagnetism. | END ID: 182
ID: 183 | TITLE: Lewis antigen system | CONTENT: The Le gene encodes a fucosyltransferase that adds fucose to type 1 precursor substance (both free in serum and in secretions) to make the Le(a) antigen. The le gene is an amorph. The Lewis antigen produced on free type 1 precursor substance passively adsorbs onto the surfaces or red blood cells.[1] | END ID: 183
ID: 184 | TITLE: House of Cards (UK TV series) | CONTENT: Before the series was reissued in 2013 to coincide with the release of the US version of House of Cards, Dobbs rewrote portions of the novel to bring the series in line with the television mini-series and restore continuity among the three novels.[citation needed] In the 2013 version: | END ID: 184
ID: 185 | TITLE: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea | CONTENT: Part XI of the Convention provides for a regime relating to minerals on the seabed outside any state's territorial waters or EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zones). It establishes an International Seabed Authority (ISA) to authorize seabed exploration and mining and collect and distribute the seabed mining royalty. | END ID: 185
ID: 186 | TITLE: Western canon | CONTENT: Världsbiblioteket (The World Library) was a Swedish list of the 100 best books in the world, created in 1991 by the Swedish literary magazine Tidningen Boken. The list was compiled through votes from members of the Svenska Akademien, Swedish Crime Writers' Academy, librarians, authors, and others. Approximately 30 of the books were Swedish. | END ID: 186
ID: 187 | TITLE: Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard | CONTENT: In Matthew Matt 20:1–16, Jesus says that any "laborer" who accepts the invitation to the work in the vineyard (said by Jesus to represent the Kingdom of Heaven), no matter how late in the day, will receive an equal reward with those who have been faithful the longest. | END ID: 187
ID: 188 | TITLE: Hillary Clinton email controversy | CONTENT: On September 12, 2015, Republican Senators Charles Grassley and Ron Johnson, chairmen of the Senate Judiciary and Homeland Security committees, respectively, said they would seek an independent review of the deleted emails, if they were recovered from Clinton's server, to determine if there were any government related items among those deleted.[123] | END ID: 188
ID: 189 | TITLE: Plague of Athens | CONTENT: All the birds and beasts that prey upon human bodies, either abstained from touching them (though there were many lying unburied), or died after tasting them. In proof of this, it was noticed that birds of this kind actually disappeared; they were not about the bodies, or indeed to be seen at all.[9] | END ID: 189
ID: 190 | TITLE: Perfect season | CONTENT: For other sports leagues for individuals, such as the PGA Tour or NASCAR, a perfect season would represent winning every event in a season. Considering the number of tournaments or races in those leagues, and the fact that each individual faces over 40 opponents as opposed to one, a perfect season is almost impossible. | END ID: 190
ID: 191 | TITLE: Identity document | CONTENT: Sri Lanka is in the process of developing a Smart Card based RFID NIC card which will replace the obsolete 'laminated type' cards by storing the holders information on a chip that can be read by banks, offices, etc., thereby reducing the need to have documentation of these data physically by storing in the cloud. | END ID: 191
ID: 192 | TITLE: Montana | CONTENT: Montana is one of the nine Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, [15] and three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north. | END ID: 192
ID: 193 | TITLE: Portland, Maine | CONTENT: The city is home to three minor league teams. The Portland Sea Dogs, the Double-A farm team of the Boston Red Sox, play at Hadlock Field. The Maine Red Claws, the NBA G League affiliate of the Boston Celtics, play at the Portland Exposition Building. The GPS Portland Phoenix soccer teams plays in the Premier Development League. | END ID: 193
ID: 194 | TITLE: Law | CONTENT: The Classical republican concept of "civil society" dates back to Hobbes and Locke.[128] Locke saw civil society as people who have "a common established law and judicature to appeal to, with authority to decide controversies between them."[129] German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel distinguished the "state" from "civil society" (bürgerliche Gesellschaft) in Elements of the Philosophy of Right.[130] | END ID: 194
ID: 195 | TITLE: Central bank | CONTENT: In some countries, central banks may have other tools that work indirectly to limit lending practices and otherwise restrict or regulate capital markets. For example, a central bank may regulate margin lending, whereby individuals or companies may borrow against pledged securities. The margin requirement establishes a minimum ratio of the value of the securities to the amount borrowed. | END ID: 195
ID: 196 | TITLE: Roman navy | CONTENT: By the time of the Notitia Dignitatum, the Classis Germanica has ceased to exist (it is last mentioned under Julian in 359),[136] most probably due to the collapse of the Rhine frontier after the Crossing of the Rhine by the barbarians in winter 405-406, and the Mauretanian and African fleets had been disbanded or taken over by the Vandals. | END ID: 196
ID: 197 | TITLE: Criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt | CONTENT: Both during and after his presidential terms and continuing today, there has been much criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Critics have questioned not only his policies and positions, but also charged him with centralizing power in his own hands by controlling both the government and the Democratic Party. Many denounced his breaking the no-third-term tradition in 1940.[1] | END ID: 197
ID: 198 | TITLE: Alchemy | CONTENT: Though most of these appointments were legitimate, the trend of pseudo-alchemical fraud continued through the Renaissance. Betrüger would use sleight of hand, or claims of secret knowledge to make money or secure patronage. Legitimate mystical and medical alchemists such as Michael Maier and Heinrich Khunrath wrote about fraudulent transmutations, distinguishing themselves from the con artists.[74] False alchemists were sometimes prosecuted for fraud. | END ID: 198
ID: 199 | TITLE: g factor (psychometrics) | CONTENT: Some researchers believe that there is a threshold level of g below which socially significant creativity is rare, but that otherwise there is no relationship between the two. It has been suggested that this threshold is at least one standard deviation above the population mean. Above the threshold, personality differences are believed to be important determinants of individual variation in creativity.[118][119] | END ID: 199
ID: 200 | TITLE: Deuterocanonical books | CONTENT: Thus Jerome acknowledged the principle by which the canon would be settled – the judgment of the Church (at least the local churches in this case) rather than his own judgment or the judgment of Jews; though concerning translation of Daniel to Greek, he wondered why one should use the version of a translator whom he regarded as heretic and judaizer (Theodotion).[79] | END ID: 200
ID: 201 | TITLE: Vicks VapoRub | CONTENT: Richardson-Vicks was sold to Procter & Gamble in 1985 and is now known as Vicks. VapoRub is also currently manufactured and packaged in India and Mexico. In German-speaking countries (the exception of Switzerland) it is sold under the name Wick VapoRub.[1] VapoRub continues to be Vicks's flagship product internationally, and the Vicks brand name is often used synonymously with the VapoRub product. | END ID: 201
ID: 202 | TITLE: Foreign relations of India | CONTENT: In the United Nations, India supported the decolonisation of Morocco and the Moroccan freedom movement. India recognised Morocco on 20 June 1956 and established relations in 1957.[426] The Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India states that "India and Morocco have enjoyed cordial and friendly relations and over the years bilateral relations have witnessed significant depth and growth."[427] | END ID: 202
ID: 203 | TITLE: South-Western City School District (Franklin County, Ohio) | CONTENT: The South-Western City School District is Ohio's sixth largest public school district located southwest of the city of Columbus. The district serves nearly 20,000 students throughout the southwest quadrant of Franklin County, including the cities of Galloway, Georgesville, Grove City, and Urbancrest. The district also serves all of Franklin, Jackson, Pleasant, and Prairie townships and a portion of Columbus. | END ID: 203
ID: 204 | TITLE: Personality disorder | CONTENT: The most recent fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders stresses a personality disorder is an enduring and inflexible pattern of long duration leading to significant distress or impairment and is not due to use of substances or another medical condition. The DSM-5 lists personality disorders in the same way as other mental disorders, rather than on a separate 'axis', as previously.[16] | END ID: 204
ID: 205 | TITLE: Everything That Rises Must Converge | CONTENT: The title Everything That Rises Must Converge refers to a work by the French philosopher Pierre Teilhard de Chardin titled the "Omega Point":[3] "Remain true to yourself, but move ever upward toward greater consciousness and greater love! At the summit you will find yourselves united with all those who, from every direction, have made the same ascent. For everything that rises must converge."[4] | END ID: 205
ID: 206 | TITLE: Alt key | CONTENT: The Alt key has come to replace the Meta key of the old MIT keyboards. In their original function, both Alt and Meta would set the high bit of the signal generated by the key to 1 (for example, A generates 01000001 while Alt+A generates 11000001). However, in modern software, due to the requirement of the high bit for internationalization, Alt no longer works in such a way. | END ID: 206
ID: 207 | TITLE: Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes | CONTENT: Destructoid awarded it a score of 9 out of 10, saying "If you are tired of always playing Cards Against Humanity, Monopoly, and that Gargoyles board game on Laserdisc, then Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes will certainly give you the fix you're looking for, pending you have friends ready to be committed to the task at hand. If not, Gargoyles is always a good choice."[14] | END ID: 207
ID: 208 | TITLE: Old Glory | CONTENT: In order to save the flag from further threats, Driver (aided by loyal women neighbors) had it sewn into a coverlet and hidden until late February 1862, when Nashville fell to Union forces.[2] When the Union Army (led by the 6th Ohio Infantry) entered the city, Driver went to Tennessee State Capitol after seeing the American flag and the 6th Ohio's regimental colors raised on the Capitol flagstaff.[2] | END ID: 208
ID: 209 | TITLE: L. S. Lowry | CONTENT: Five Lowry art works were stolen from the Grove Fine Art Gallery in Cheadle Hulme, Stockport on 2 May 2007. The most valuable were The Viaduct, estimated value of £700,000 and The Tanker Entering the Tyne, which is valued at over £500,000. The Surgery, The Bridge at Ringley and The Street Market were also stolen.[81] The paintings were later found in a house in Halewood near Liverpool.[82] | END ID: 209
ID: 210 | TITLE: Khmer Rouge rule of Cambodia | CONTENT: Article 20 of the 1976 Constitution of Democratic Kampuchea guaranteed religious freedom, but it also declared that "all reactionary religions that are detrimental to Democratic Kampuchea and the Kampuchean People are strictly forbidden." About 85 percent of the population follows the Theravada school of Buddhism. The country's 40,000 to 60,000 Buddhist monks, regarded by the regime as social parasites, were defrocked and forced into labour brigades. | END ID: 210
ID: 211 | TITLE: Dehumidifier | CONTENT: Because window air conditioner units have condensers and expansion units, some of them can be used as makeshift dehumidifiers by sending their heat exhaust back into the same room as the cooled air, instead of the outside environment. If the condensate from the cooling coils is drained away from the room as it drips off the cooling coils, the result will be room air that is drier but slightly warmer. | END ID: 211
ID: 212 | TITLE: Binary star | CONTENT: By the modern definition, the term binary star is generally restricted to pairs of stars which revolve around a common center of mass. Binary stars which can be resolved with a telescope or interferometric methods are known as visual binaries.[5][6] For most of the known visual binary stars one whole revolution has not been observed yet, they are observed to have travelled along a curved path or a partial arc.[7] | END ID: 212
ID: 213 | TITLE: Tsurani | CONTENT: Only one of every five persons inducted into training to become a Great One makes it to this ultimate goal and takes his place in the Assembly of Magicians, while those who fail die in the process. Women are not permitted to become Great Ones, female children that display any magical ability are abruptly removed from their homes by the Assembly and subsequently murdered, unbeknown to the rest of the Empire. | END ID: 213
ID: 214 | TITLE: Jacques-Louis David | CONTENT: The Death of Marat, perhaps David's most famous painting, has been called the Pietà of the revolution. Upon presenting the painting to the convention, he said "Citizens, the people were again calling for their friend; their desolate voice was heard: David, take up your brushes.., avenge Marat... I heard the voice of the people. I obeyed." David had to work quickly, but the result was a simple and powerful image. | END ID: 214
ID: 215 | TITLE: Culture of Bhutan | CONTENT: Each individual dance takes up to several hours to complete and the entire set may last two to four days. Observation of the dances directly blesses the audience and also serves to transmit principles of Tantric Buddhism to the villagers. A number of the dances can be traced directly back to Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal himself, the founder of Bhutan, and have been passed down essentially unchanged since the mid-17th century. | END ID: 215
ID: 216 | TITLE: The Land of Make Believe | CONTENT: "The Land of Make Believe" was the third single by the British band allSTARS*. The single was slightly faster than the original version and had a more euro-pop sound. The music video was set in a circus tent, with each individual member of the band performing tricks e.g. being cut in half, levitating or juggling. The single performed to moderate success, achieving allSTARS*' highest UK chart position of No.9.[26] | END ID: 216
ID: 217 | TITLE: An Lushan Rebellion | CONTENT: The An Lushan Rebellion signaled a period of disorder spanning the reigns of three Tang dynasty emperors, beginning during the final (Tianbao era) period of the reign of Xuanzong (8 September 712-12 August 756), continuing through the reign of Suzong (12 August 756-16 May 762) and ending during the reign of Daizong (18 May 762-23 May 779), as well as spanning the four imperial claimants of the failed Da Yan dynasty. | END ID: 217
ID: 218 | TITLE: Future of space exploration | CONTENT: In terms of propulsion, the main challenge is the liftoff and initial momentum, since there is no friction in the vacuum of space. Based on the missions goals, including factors such as distance, load and time of flight, the type of propulsion drive used, planned to use, or in design varies from chemical propellants, such as liquid hydrogen and oxidizer[16] (Space Shuttle Main Engine), to plasma[15] or even nanoparticle propellants.[17] | END ID: 218
ID: 219 | TITLE: Judith Keppel | CONTENT: Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942)[2] was the first one-million-pound winner on the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in the United Kingdom. She is also the only woman in the United Kingdom to have won it and also the first person to win a million pounds or more on a British television game show. She has appeared on the BBC Two quiz show Eggheads since 2003. | END ID: 219
ID: 220 | TITLE: United States Senate | CONTENT: The Senate uses committees (and their subcommittees) for a variety of purposes, including the review of bills and the oversight of the executive branch. Formally, the whole Senate appoints committee members. In practice, however, the choice of members is made by the political parties. Generally, each party honors the preferences of individual senators, giving priority based on seniority. Each party is allocated seats on committees in proportion to its overall strength. | END ID: 220
ID: 221 | TITLE: Chetan Bhagat | CONTENT: He completed his school years at The Army Public School, Dhaula Kuan in Delhi. He received his undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi in 1995 and his MBA degree from the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad in 1997. Bhagat recounted in an interview with Newslaundry that he applied after his studies to the investment banking company Goldman Sachs, where he was finally selected after 27 internal interviews.[8] | END ID: 221
ID: 222 | TITLE: List of My Babysitter's a Vampire episodes | CONTENT: Vanessa Morgan confirmed via Twitter that there will be a second season.[7] It was later confirmed and that it consisted of 13 episodes.[8] Season 2 began filming on September 21, 2011 and wrapped up on November 15, 2011. Season 2 was produced by Byron A. Martin who also acted as 2nd Unit Director on numerous episodes. Disney Channel announced they would pick it up again for a second season.[9] | END ID: 222
ID: 223 | TITLE: Gunga Din | CONTENT: The poem is a rhyming narrative from the point of view of an English soldier in India, about an Indian water-bearer (a bhishti) who saves the soldier's life but is soon shot and killed. In the final three lines, the soldier regrets the abuse he dealt to Din and admits that Din is the better man of the two. The poem was published as one of the set of martial poems called the Barrack-Room Ballads. | END ID: 223
ID: 224 | TITLE: United States Agency for International Development | CONTENT: After 1945, many newly independent countries needed assistance to relieve the chronic deprivation afflicting their low-income populations. USAID and its predecessor agencies have continuously provided poverty relief in many forms, including assistance to public health and education services targeted at the poorest. USAID has also helped manage food aid provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. In addition, USAID provides funding to NGOs to supplement private donations in relieving chronic poverty. | END ID: 224
ID: 225 | TITLE: Orange (colour) | CONTENT: The orange colour of carrots, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, oranges, and many other fruits and vegetables comes from carotenes, a type of photosynthetic pigment. These pigments convert the light energy that the plants absorb from the sun into chemical energy for the plants' growth. The carotenes themselves take their name from the carrot.[22] Autumn leaves also get their orange colour from carotenes. When the weather turns cold and production of green chlorophyll stops, the orange colour remains. | END ID: 225
ID: 226 | TITLE: Python (programming language) | CONTENT: CPython is the reference implementation of Python. It is written in C, meeting the C89 standard with several select C99 features.[97] It compiles Python programs into an intermediate bytecode[98] which is then executed by its virtual machine.[99] CPython is distributed with a large standard library written in a mixture of C and native Python. It is available for many platforms, including Windows and most modern Unix-like systems. Platform portability was one of its earliest priorities.[100] | END ID: 226
ID: 227 | TITLE: The Pilgrim's Progress | CONTENT: Scholars have pointed out that Bunyan may have been influenced in the creation of places in The Pilgrim's Progress by his own surrounding environment. Albert Foster[18] describes the natural features of Bedfordshire that apparently turn up in The Pilgrim's Progress. Vera Brittain in her thoroughly researched biography of Bunyan,[19] identifies seven locations that appear in the allegory. Other connections are suggested in books not directly associated with either John Bunyan or The Pilgrim's Progress.[citation needed] | END ID: 227
ID: 228 | TITLE: Chris Elliott | CONTENT: In 1986 Elliott starred in the Cinemax special FDR: A One Man Show, a spoof comedy about the life and times of the president. He looked and sounded nothing like the man; he portrayed events from Roosevelt's life that never happened, such as a Japanese bombing of the White House, and his crossing the Potomac in a rowboat. By the end of the show, he had performed Gallagher's shtick of smashing watermelons and other soft fruits on stage. | END ID: 228
ID: 229 | TITLE: Papal infallibility | CONTENT: Following the 1869–1870 First Vatican Council, dissent arose among a few Catholics, almost exclusively German, Austrian, and Swiss, over the definition of papal infallibility. The dissenters, while holding the General Councils of the Church infallible, were unwilling to accept the dogma of papal infallibility, and thus a schism arose between them and the Church, resulting in the formation of communities in schism with Rome, which became known as the Old Catholic Churches. The vast majority of Catholics accepted the definition.[86] | END ID: 229
ID: 230 | TITLE: Endangered Species Act of 1973 | CONTENT: Some have argued that the recovery of DDT-threatened species such as the bald eagle, brown pelican and peregrine falcon should be attributed to the 1972 ban on DDT by the EPA. rather than the Endangered Species Act, however, the listing of these species as endangered was a substantial cause of Congress instituting the ban and many non-DDT oriented actions were taken on their behalf under the Endangered Species Act (i.e. captive breeding, habitat protection, and protection from disturbance). | END ID: 230
ID: 231 | TITLE: Hap and Leonard (TV series) | CONTENT: Hap and Leonard is an American television drama series based on the characters Hap and Leonard, created by novelist Joe R. Lansdale[1] and adapted from his series of novels of the same name.[2] The series was written and developed by Nick Damici and Jim Mickle, who had previously adapted Lansdale's Cold in July and was directed by Mickle.[1] The series premiered on the American cable network SundanceTV on March 2, 2016.[1][3] So far, the series has received favorable reviews.[4][5][6] | END ID: 231
ID: 232 | TITLE: Jon Bon Jovi | CONTENT: In late 2013, it was rumored that Jon Bon Jovi would enter the race to bid for the Buffalo Bills following the death of long-time owner Ralph Wilson. Bon Jovi denied the rumors. However, in June 2014, it was confirmed that he along with a sports ownership group from Toronto were intending to bid on the team. Bon Jovi and his ownership group made it to the final round of bidding, but the team was sold to Buffalo Sabres owner Terry Pegula.[39] | END ID: 232
ID: 233 | TITLE: Cuba | CONTENT: No political party is permitted to nominate candidates or campaign on the island, including the Communist Party.[135] The Communist Party of Cuba has held six party congress meetings since 1975. In 2011, the party stated that there were 800,000 members, and representatives generally constitute at least half of the Councils of state and the National Assembly. The remaining positions are filled by candidates nominally without party affiliation. Other political parties campaign and raise finances internationally, while activity within Cuba by opposition groups is minimal. | END ID: 233
ID: 234 | TITLE: West Coast jazz | CONTENT: Although West Coast jazz is often compared to the cool style, Los Angeles musicians locally known as "hard swingers," "blew bop as tough as anything emerging out of Detroit and New York...."[1] In later years, their music was known as "California Hard." Roy Carr notes that this is not surprising. By the late 1940s, the Central Avenue scene had the most bebop musicians outside of New York. Max Roach and Clifford Brown, Shelly Manne, and Curtis Counce established harder-sounding bands in Los Angeles.[1] | END ID: 234
ID: 235 | TITLE: List of Peep Show episodes | CONTENT: The two men are competing to try to become their unhappily married next-door neighbour Toni's fuck buddy. We follow them to a party at Toni's, at which Mark fails in his attempt to seduce her while talking to her about the Battle of Stalingrad. Meanwhile, Jez meets her sister – whom he erroneously believes has leukaemia because she has another sister who has the disease. After this misunderstanding causes an argument, Mark and Jez are told by Toni's husband, Tony, to leave. | END ID: 235
ID: 236 | TITLE: Colby cheese | CONTENT: In 1885, Joseph F. Steinwand developed a new type of cheese at his father's cheese factory near Colby, Wisconsin. The cheese was named after the village,[1] which had been founded three years earlier.[2] While Colby cheese is still widely available, it is no longer produced in Colby. A festival commemorating the cheese is held every year in mid-July where all local food booths offer free Colby cheese. On August 12, 2015, the original cheese factory was torn down leaving only the foundations of the building.[citation needed] | END ID: 236
ID: 237 | TITLE: Pollination | CONTENT: Peaches are considered self-fertile because a commercial crop can be produced without cross-pollination, though cross-pollination usually gives a better crop. Apples are considered self-incompatible, because a commercial crop must be cross-pollinated. Many commercial fruit tree varieties are grafted clones, genetically identical. An orchard block of apples of one variety is genetically a single plant. Many growers now consider this a mistake. One means of correcting this mistake is to graft a limb of an appropriate pollenizer (generally a variety of crabapple) every six trees or so.[citation needed] | END ID: 237
ID: 238 | TITLE: Land Rover Discovery | CONTENT: The vehicle was lauded by the press, with the Terrain Response system, improved on-road dynamics, and interior design receiving particular praise. Jeremy Clarkson of the BBC's Top Gear motoring show drove one to the top of Cnoc an Fhreiceadain, a 307 m (1,007 ft) mountain near Tongue in northern Scotland, where no vehicle had previously reached. Richard Hammond, presenter of Top Gear, praised it as the "Best 4X4 of all time". In Australia, the vehicle was awarded "4WD of the Year" by the 4WD Press. | END ID: 238
ID: 239 | TITLE: Lloyd's of London | CONTENT: In its most recent annual report, for 2017, Lloyd's reported an underwriting loss of £3.42bn, offset by a £1.42bn non-technical profit to produce an overall pre-tax loss of £2bn, compared to an overall £2.11bn pre-tax profit in 2016. The result was driven by an increase in large claims to £4.54bn, primarily arising out of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria and wildfires in California. Gross premiums written totalled £33.59bn, which was a 12.5 per cent increase from £29.86bn in 2016, without taking exchange rate fluctuations into account. | END ID: 239
ID: 240 | TITLE: Playing It My Way | CONTENT: Playing It My Way is the autobiography of former Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. It was launched on 5 November 2014 in Mumbai.[3][4][5] The book summarises Tendulkar's early days, his 24 years of international career and aspects of his life that have not been shared publicly.[6] It entered the Limca Book of Records for being the best selling adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories. In India, it broke the record set by Walter Isaacson's biography of Steve Jobs for being the most pre-ordered biographical book.[7] | END ID: 240
ID: 241 | TITLE: Fox Broadcasting Company | CONTENT: Fox launched in Croatia on October 15, 2012. Operated by Fox International Channels Bulgaria, all of Fox's channels (Fox, Fox Life, Fox Crime, Fox Movies, 24Kitchen, NatGeo (both SD and HD), NatGeo Wild (also HD and SD) and BabyTV) carry programming identical to that available on its Serbian channels. Most of them, with the exception of Nat Geo HD and BabyTV, feature subtitled promos and program content. All of the channels, except for BabyTV, are broadcast in 16:9 widescreen, while Fox has plans to offer an HD feed. | END ID: 241
ID: 242 | TITLE: Economy of Egypt | CONTENT: The transition to the unified exchange rate regime was completed in December 2004. Shortly later, Egypt has notified the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that it has accepted the obligations of Article VIII, Section 2, 3, and 4 of the IMF Articles of Agreement, with effect from 2 January 2005. IMF members accepting the obligations of Article VIII undertake to refrain from imposing restrictions on the making of payments and transfers for current international transactions, or from engaging in discriminatory currency arrangements or multiple currency practices, except with IMF approval. | END ID: 242
ID: 243 | TITLE: Sonnet | CONTENT: When English sonnets were introduced by Thomas Wyatt (1503–1542) in the early 16th century, his sonnets and those of his contemporary the Earl of Surrey were chiefly translations from the Italian of Petrarch and the French of Ronsard and others. While Wyatt introduced the sonnet into English, it was Surrey who developed the rhyme scheme – abab cdcd efef gg – which now characterizes the English sonnet. Having previously circulated in manuscripts only, both poets' sonnets were first published in Richard Tottel's Songes and Sonnetts, better known as Tottel's Miscellany (1557). | END ID: 243
ID: 244 | TITLE: Propranolol | CONTENT: Propranolol is classified as a non-cardioselective sympatholytic beta blocker that crosses the blood–brain barrier. It is lipid soluble and also has sodium channel blocking effects. Propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker; that is, it blocks the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) at both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors. It has little intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, but has strong membrane stabilizing activity (only at high blood concentrations, e.g. overdose).[citation needed] Propranolol is able to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert effects in the central nervous system in addition to its peripheral activity.[21] | END ID: 244
ID: 245 | TITLE: Battle of Cambrai (1917) | CONTENT: The German counter-attack showed the effectiveness of artillery, trench mortars and evolving stormtrooper tactics, adopted from a pattern introduced by General Hutier against the Russians.[38][page needed][36] From the German perspective, questions arose regarding battlefield supply beyond railheads and the suitability of the MG 08 machine gun for rapid movement.[39][page needed] By the end of the battle, the British retained some of the ground captured in the north and the Germans a smaller amount taken in the south. The British conducted several investigations, including a Court of Enquiry.[38][page needed] | END ID: 245
ID: 246 | TITLE: Alcohol by volume | CONTENT: During the production of wine and beer, yeast is added to a sugary solution. During fermentation, the yeasts consume the sugars and produce alcohol. The density of sugar in water is greater than the density of alcohol in water. A hydrometer is used to measure the change in specific gravity (SG) of the solution before and after fermentation. The volume of alcohol in the solution can then be estimated. There are a number of empirical formulae which brewers and winemakers use to estimate the alcohol content of the liquor made. | END ID: 246
ID: 247 | TITLE: Caliphate | CONTENT: In 1899 John Hay, U.S. Secretary of State, asked the American ambassador to Ottoman Turkey, Oscar Straus, to approach Sultan Abdul Hamid II to use his position as caliph to order the Tausūg people of the Sultanate of Sulu in the Philippines to submit to American suzerainty and American military rule; the Sultan obliged them and wrote the letter which was sent to Sulu via Mecca. As a result, the "Sulu Mohammedans ... refused to join the insurrectionists and had placed themselves under the control of our army, thereby recognizing American sovereignty."[37][37][38] | END ID: 247
ID: 248 | TITLE: Ship | CONTENT: For ships with independent propulsion systems for each side, such as manual oars or some paddles,[69] steering systems may not be necessary. In most designs, such as boats propelled by engines or sails, a steering system becomes necessary. The most common is a rudder, a submerged plane located at the rear of the hull. Rudders are rotated to generate a lateral force which turns the boat. Rudders can be rotated by a tiller, manual wheels, or electro-hydraulic systems. Autopilot systems combine mechanical rudders with navigation systems. Ducted propellers are sometimes used for steering. | END ID: 248
ID: 249 | TITLE: Clock management | CONTENT: Clock management is also a component of the game of basketball. In that sport, the rules governing the game clock are simpler; the clock stops when the ball is dead and runs when it is live. Most clock management in basketball centers around both the game clock and the shot clock. An offense nearing the end of a game and holding a slim lead will attempt to use up as much of both clocks as possible before shooting the ball to give the opposing team as little time as possible to respond. | END ID: 249
ID: 250 | TITLE: Municipal Corporation of Delhi | CONTENT: The Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) is a municipal corporation, an autonomous body that governs 8 of the 11 Districts of Delhi, in the state of Delhi, India. It was one of three municipalities in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, the others being New Delhi Municipal Council, and Delhi Cantonment Board. "The MCD was among the largest municipal bodies in the world providing civic services to more than estimated population of 11 million citizens in the capital city.[1] The municipal corporation covers an area of 1,397.3 km² (539.5 mi²). | END ID: 250
ID: 251 | TITLE: Helmuth von Moltke the Elder | CONTENT: In 1889, Moltke made two audio recordings with Adelbert Theodor Wangemann, a German native who worked with Thomas Edison and had been sent to Europe with Edison's newly invented cylinder phonograph.[9] Moltke recorded excerpts from Shakespeare and Goethe on two cylinders, recordings which were lost until 1957 and were unidentified for decades after. On January 30, 2012, they were among a number of recordings revealed by the Thomas Edison National Historical Park. The two cylinders made by Moltke are the only known voice recordings of anyone born in the 18th century.[9] | END ID: 251
ID: 252 | TITLE: United States Army Rangers | CONTENT: In 1966, a panel headed by General Ralph E. Haines, Jr. recommended making Ranger training mandatory for all Regular Army officers upon commissioning. "On 16 August 1966, the Chief of Staff of the Army, General Harold K. Johnson, directed it so." This policy was implemented in July 1967. It was rescinded on 21 June 1972 by General William Westmoreland. Once again, Ranger training was voluntary.[30]:28–29 In August 1987, the Ranger Department was split from the Infantry School and the Ranger Training Brigade was established, commanded by Brigadier General (R) James Emory Mace. | END ID: 252
ID: 253 | TITLE: Costa Concordia disaster | CONTENT: Costa Concordia (call sign: IBHD, IMO number: 9320544, MMSI number: 247158500), with 3,206 passengers and 1,023 crew members on board,[2] was sailing off Isola del Giglio on the night of 13 January 2012, having begun a planned seven-day cruise from Civitavecchia, Lazio, Italy, to Savona and five other ports.[21] She struck her port side on a reef,[22][23] at 21:42 or 21:45 local time.[24] The reef is charted as an area known as Le Scole,[25][26] about 800 metres (870Â yd) south of the entrance to the harbour of Giglio Porto, on the island's east coast. | END ID: 253
ID: 254 | TITLE: Justified (TV series) | CONTENT: Throughout its run, Justified received largely positive reviews from critics. On the review aggregation website Metacritic, the first season scored 80/100, based on reviews from 27 critics.[24] The second season scored 91/100, based on reviews from 12 critics.[25] The third season scored 89/100, based on reviews from 14 critics.[26] The fourth season scored 90/100, based on reviews from 14 critics.[27] The fifth season scored 84/100, based on reviews from 14 critics.[28] The sixth season scored 89/100, based on reviews from 11 critics.[29] All seasons' scores but the first, which was one point short, indicate "universal acclaim."[24][25][26][27][28][29] | END ID: 254
ID: 255 | TITLE: Goku | CONTENT: Dragon Ball GT chief character designer Katsuyoshi Nakatsuru said he agonized over designing Goku's Super Saiyan 4 appearance, which was the idea of the show's producers, questioning whether it was necessary to go further with the transformations. Because Super Saiyan 4 is brought about while in a Saiyan's Ōzaru (大猿, lit. "Great Ape") form, he made the hair more "wild" and covered Goku's body in red fur. There was only a single final draft of the character, although Nakatsuru did consider making the hair blonde, he ended up choosing black as it provides more contrast with the red fur.[16] | END ID: 255
ID: 256 | TITLE: P versus NP problem | CONTENT: Although it is unknown whether P = NP, problems outside of P are known. A number of succinct problems (problems that operate not on normal input, but on a computational description of the input) are known to be EXPTIME-complete. Because it can be shown that P ≠ EXPTIME, these problems are outside P, and so require more than polynomial time. In fact, by the time hierarchy theorem, they cannot be solved in significantly less than exponential time. Examples include finding a perfect strategy for chess (on an N × N board)[15] and some other board games.[16] | END ID: 256
ID: 257 | TITLE: Validity (statistics) | CONTENT: Face validity is an estimate of whether a test appears to measure a certain criterion; it does not guarantee that the test actually measures phenomena in that domain. Measures may have high validity, but when the test does not appear to be measuring what it is, it has low face validity. Indeed, when a test is subject to faking (malingering), low face validity might make the test more valid. Considering one may get more honest answers with lower face validity, it is sometimes important to make it appear as though there is low face validity whilst administering the measures. | END ID: 257
ID: 258 | TITLE: Lagos State | CONTENT: In 2003, many of the existing 20 LGAs were split for administrative purposes into Local Council Development Areas. These lower-tier administrative units now number 56: Agbado/Oke-Odo, Agboyi/Ketu, Agege, Ajeromi, Alimosho, Apapa, Apapa-Iganmu, Ayobo/Ipaja, Badagry West, Badagry, Bariga, Coker Aguda, Egbe Idimu, Ejigbo,
Epe, Eredo, Eti Osa East, Eti Osa West, Iba, Isolo, Imota, Ikoyi, Ibeju, Ifako-Ijaiye, Ifelodun, Igando/Ikotun, Igbogbo/Bayeku, Ijede, Ikeja, Ikorodu North, Ikorodu West, Ikosi Ejinrin, Ikorodu, Ikorodu West, Iru/Victoria Island, Itire Ikate, Kosofe, Lagos Island West, Lagos Island East, Lagos Mainland, Lekki, Mosan/Okunola, Mushin, Odi Olowo/Ojuwoye, Ojo, Ojodu, Ojokoro, Olorunda, Onigbongbo, Oriade, Orile Agege, Oshodi, Oto-Awori, Shomolu, Surulere and Yaba.[27] | END ID: 258
ID: 259 | TITLE: Salad Fingers | CONTENT: Salad Fingers is sitting in his armchair, trying to tune his radio which he calls "Roger." If he is lucky, Salad Fingers says he may chance upon a broadcast from "Croxley", which so happens to be a small town in Hertfordshire. "Croxleyheath" also occurs in Shore Leave. After feeding Roger his "sustenance" (which seems to be marbles, peas, rocks or beans), it begins to emit a strange, piercing frequency. A gurgling sound comes from Salad Fingers' own stomach, insinuating upset in reaction to the "unpleasant frequencies" coming from the radio. He decides to wait out the tormenting event in his "safety cupboard." | END ID: 259
ID: 260 | TITLE: Culture of Iran | CONTENT: The Persian year begins in the vernal equinox: if the astronomical vernal equinox comes before noon, then the present day is the first day of the Persian year. If the equinox falls after noon, then the next day is the official first day of the Persian year. The Persian Calendar, which is the official calendar of Iran, is a solar calendar with a starting point that is the same as the Islamic calendar. According to the Iran Labor Code, Friday is the weekly day of rest. Government official working hours are from Saturday to Wednesday (from 8 am to 4 pm).[5] | END ID: 260
ID: 261 | TITLE: Aaron | CONTENT: To emphasize the validity of the Levites' claim to the offerings and tithes of the Israelites, Moses collected a rod from the leaders of each tribe in Israel and laid the twelve rods over night in the tent of meeting. The next morning, Aaron's rod was found to have budded and blossomed and produced ripe almonds (Numbers 17:8).[49][50] The following chapter then details the distinction between Aaron's family and the rest of the Levites: while all the Levites (and only Levites) were devoted to the care of the sanctuary, charge of its interior and the altar was committed to the Aaronites alone (Numbers 18:1-7).[51] | END ID: 261
ID: 262 | TITLE: Holy Week | CONTENT: Holy Week begins with Palm Sunday, which may also be known as Passion Sunday in some denominations. Traditionally, Palm Sunday commemorates the Triumphal entry into Jerusalem described in all four canonical gospels. As described in the accounts, Jesus's entry into Jerusalem was noted by the crowds present who shouted praises and waved palm branches. In the Roman Rite, before 1955 it was known simply as Palm Sunday, and the preceding Sunday as Passion Sunday. From 1955 to 1971 it was called Second Sunday in Passiontide or Palm Sunday. Among Lutherans and Anglicans, the day is known as the Sunday of the Passion: Palm Sunday.[6] | END ID: 262
ID: 263 | TITLE: Pink Floyd live performances | CONTENT: Thanks to stage architect/designer Mark Fisher, Pink Floyd's tours became a staple in the industry because of their outstanding special and scenic effects. Pyrotechnics (such as exploding flashpots, an exploding gong and fireworks) and dry ice were used extensively throughout Pink Floyd's career. In 1973's tour to promote The Dark Side of the Moon, a large scale model plane flew over the audience and crashed onto the stage with a spectacular explosion, an effect repeated at the start of The Wall and the Division Bell shows. During shows to promote A Momentary Lapse of Reason, a similar effect was achieved with a flying bed. | END ID: 263
ID: 264 | TITLE: Semiconservative replication | CONTENT: The deciphering of the structure of DNA by Watson and Crick in 1953 suggested that each strand of the double helix would serve as a template for synthesis of a new strand. However, there was no way of knowing how the newly synthesized strands might combine with the template strands to form two double helical DNA molecules. The semiconservative model seemed most reasonable since it would allow each daughter strand to remain associated with its template strand. The semiconservative model was supported by the Meselson-Stahl experiment[2][3] and other even more revealing experiments that allowed for autoradiographic visualization of the distribution of old and new strands within replicated chromosomes. | END ID: 264
ID: 265 | TITLE: Bosom of Abraham | CONTENT: The concept of paradise is not mentioned in Luke 16, nor are any of the distinguishing Jewish associations of paradise such as Third Heaven (found with "paradise" in 2 Corinthians 12:2–4 and Apocalypse of Moses), or the tree of life (found with "paradise" in Genesis 2:8 Septuagint and Book of Revelation 2:7).[18] Consequently, identification of Bosom of Abraham with Paradise is contested.[19] It is not clear whether Matthew 8:11 "And I tell you that many will come from the East and West and will eat with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven." represents an alternative or complimentary cosmology to the ideas of Luke 16:19–31.[20] | END ID: 265
ID: 266 | TITLE: Knights of Labor | CONTENT: As membership expanded, the Knights began to function more as a labor union and less of a secret organization. During the 1880's, the Knights of Labor played a huge role in independent and third-party movements.[7] Local assemblies began not only to emphasize cooperative enterprises, but to initiate strikes to win concessions from employers. The Knights of Labor brought together workers of different religion, race and gender and helped them all create a bond and unify all for the same cause.[8] The new leader Powderly, opposed strikes as a "relic of barbarism," but the size and the diversity of the Knights afforded local assemblies a great deal of autonomy. | END ID: 266
ID: 267 | TITLE: Matthew 7:2 | CONTENT: As Schweizer notes this verse, if read literally, is a contradiction of the previous one. While the first says not to judge, this one established rules for judging.[1] Luz advances the explanation that this verse states that if you search to find faults with others, that God will then search to find fault with you, and since all humans are infinitely flawed you would then easily be condemned. Thus even a small amount of judging by a person will bring a great punishment form God, and this verse essentially repeats the argument of the first against judging. More scholars simply believe that the condemnation of judging in Matthew 7:1 is far from absolute.[2] | END ID: 267
ID: 268 | TITLE: David Price (baseball) | CONTENT: In 2006, Price posted a 9–5 record with a 4.16 ERA in 110 1⁄3 innings pitched. He set a school single-season record in strikeouts with 155 while walking only 43 batters. Over a span of six starts early in the season, he recorded 10 or more strikeouts each game, including a 17-strikeout performance in a game against Arkansas.[2] That year, he was one of five finalists for the Golden Spikes Award and a semifinalist for the Roger Clemens Award. He was also named to the third-team All-American by the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association, first-team All-South Region by the American Baseball Coaches Association and second-team All-SEC by the coaches in that conference.[2] | END ID: 268
ID: 269 | TITLE: Lake Poets | CONTENT: There was a certain amount of additional irony involved in the 'School's' perception by readers, who were inspired, upon reading the poetry, to visit the area, thus helping to destroy, in the mind of Wordsworth at least, the very thing that made the Lakes special (although he himself ended up writing one of the best guides to the region). In addition, many of the first and second generation practitioners of Romantic poetry had a complex and not entirely easy relationship with the Lakes (apart from Wordsworth). "For the most part other Romantic poets either struggle with a Lake Poet identity or come to define themselves against what the Lakes seem to offer in poetic terms." [3] | END ID: 269
ID: 270 | TITLE: First Epistle of John | CONTENT: The First Epistle of John, often referred to as First John and written 1 John, is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles. It is attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two Johannine epistles. This epistle was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95–110.[1] The work was written to counter docetism, which is the belief that Jesus did not come "in the flesh", but only as a spirit. It also defined how Christians are to discern true teachers: by their ethics, their proclamation of Jesus in the flesh, and by their love.[1] | END ID: 270
ID: 271 | TITLE: Card counting | CONTENT: Back-counting is generally done on shoe games, of 4, 6, or 8 decks, although it can be done on pitch games of 1 or 2 decks. The reason for this is that the count is more stable in a shoe game, so a player will be less likely to sit down for one or two hands and then have to get up. In addition, many casinos do not allow "mid-shoe entry" in single or double deck games which makes Wonging impossible. Another reason is that many casinos exhibit more effort to thwart card counters on their pitch games than on their shoe games, as a counter has a smaller advantage on an average shoe game than in a pitch game.[12] | END ID: 271
ID: 272 | TITLE: Cuban Missile Crisis | CONTENT: BBC journalist Joe Matthews published the story, on October 13, 2012, behind the 100 tactical nuclear warheads mentioned by Graham Allison in the excerpt above.[124] Khrushchev feared that Castro's hurt pride and widespread Cuban indignation over the concessions he had made to Kennedy might lead to a breakdown of the agreement between the Soviet Union and the US. To prevent that, Khrushchev decided to offer to give Cuba more than 100 tactical nuclear weapons that had been shipped to Cuba along with the long-range missiles but, crucially, had escaped the notice of U.S. intelligence. Khrushchev determined that because the Americans had not listed the missiles on their list of demands, keeping them in Cuba would be in the Soviet Union's interests.[124] | END ID: 272
ID: 273 | TITLE: GNU/Linux naming controversy | CONTENT: Proponents of the term GNU/Linux note that GNU alone would be just as good a name for GNU variants which combine the GNU operating system software with software from other sources.[5] GNU/Linux is a term promoted by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) and its founder Richard Stallman.[6] Proponents call for the correction of the more extended term, on the grounds that it doesn't give credit to the major contributor and the associated free software philosophy.[1][7] GNU is a longstanding project begun in 1984 to develop a free operating system. It is argued that when the Linux kernel was independently created in 1991, it merely provided a substantial missing piece.[6] Several distributions employ the FSF-endorsed name, such as Debian,[8] Trisquel[9] and Parabola GNU/Linux-libre.[10] | END ID: 273
ID: 274 | TITLE: Aesop Rock | CONTENT: In February 2005, Aesop Rock released a new EP, Fast Cars, Danger, Fire and Knives. The first pressing of the EP included an 88-page booklet with lyrics from every release from Float until this EP (the lyric booklet is titled The Living Human Curiosity Sideshow); later pressings of the album come without the booklet, but with an additional bonus track, "Facemelter". In addition, a limited number of albums were available direct from Def Jux with Aesop Rock's graffiti tag on them. In response to demands from his fans, Rock did less production on the EP: three songs are produced by Blockhead, three produced by Aesop, and one by Rob Sonic. During this time he was asked to join The Weathermen to replace Vast Aire. | END ID: 274
ID: 275 | TITLE: Mehran Karimi Nasseri | CONTENT: Having claimed to have one British parent, although he has produced no evidence to support this claim, he decided to settle in the UK in 1986, but en route there in 1988, his papers were lost when his briefcase was allegedly stolen.[4] (Others indicate that Nasseri actually mailed his documents to Brussels while onboard a ferry to Britain, lying about them being stolen.[5]) Despite this setback, he boarded the plane for London but was promptly returned to France when he failed to present a passport to British immigration officials. He was initially arrested by the French, but then released as his entry to the airport was legal and he had no country of origin to be returned to; thus began his residency at Terminal 1. | END ID: 275
ID: 276 | TITLE: Prussian Army | CONTENT: The Prussian Army crushed Danish forces in the Battle of Dybbøl during the Second Schleswig War (1864), allowing Prussia and Austria to claim Schleswig and Holstein, respectively. Disputes orchestrated by the Prussian Minister President, Otto von Bismarck, led to the Austro-Prussian War (1866). The needle guns of the Prussian infantry were highly successful against the Austrians, who were defeated at Königgrätz. Under the leadership of Moltke, the Prussian Army then proved victorious over France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870). Unlike the Austrians, the French had the powerful Chassepot rifle, which outclassed the Prussian needle gun. However, the Prussian artillery was effective against the French, who were frequently flanked or surrounded by the mobile Prussians. Patriotism in Prussia from the victories began to undermine liberal resistance to absolutism.[70] | END ID: 276
ID: 277 | TITLE: New York Knicks | CONTENT: The rivalry between the New York Knicks and the Indiana Pacers started in 1993 and quickly became one of the most bitter in NBA history. They met in the playoffs 6 times from 1993 to 2000, fueling a rivalry epitomized by the enmity between Reggie Miller and prominent Knick fan Spike Lee. Miller likened it to the Hatfield–McCoy feud, and The New York Times said in 1998 that it was "as combustible as any in the league". The rivalry gave Miller the nickname "The Knick-Killer". His clutch performances were frequently followed by jabs at Lee like the choke sign, adding fuel to the rivalry. The rivalry renewed during the 2013 NBA Playoffs in the Eastern Conference Semifinals, with Indiana taking the series 4 games to 2. | END ID: 277
ID: 278 | TITLE: Soul Food (film) | CONTENT: Soul Food is told through the eyes of 11-year-old Ahmad (Hammond), following the trials of the Joseph family, a close-knit Chicago family that gets together to have Sunday dinner every week, with plenty of soul food to go around. Mother (Big Mama) Joe (Hall) has three daughters, who each have had varying success in life: oldest daughter Teri (Williams) has become a successful lawyer, but has a strained relationship with younger sister Maxine (Fox) who stole and eventually married Teri's former boyfriend, Kenny (Sams). Teri is currently married to Miles (Beach), a lawyer who quit his job to pursue his dream of being an R&B musician, which Teri doesn't support. Youngest daughter Robin (Long)—nicknamed "Bird"—has just opened a barbershop/beauty parlor and gotten married to Lem (Phifer), an ex-convict. | END ID: 278
ID: 279 | TITLE: George Washington Carver | CONTENT: Black people were not allowed at the public school in Diamond Grove. George decided to go to a school for black children 10 miles (16Â km) south in Neosho. When he reached the town, he found the school closed for the night. He slept in a nearby barn. By his own account, the next morning he met a kind woman, Mariah Watkins, from whom he wished to rent a room. When he identified himself as "Carver's George," as he had done his whole life, she replied that from now on his name was "George Carver". George liked Mariah Watkins, and her words, "You must learn all you can, then go back out into the world and give your learning back to the people", made a great impression on him.[9] | END ID: 279
ID: 280 | TITLE: Barack Obama "Hope" poster | CONTENT: After the initial 700 posters, the Obama campaign conveyed through Sergant that they wanted to promote the theme of hope, and most of the posters sold by Fairey subsequently had the word "hope" and later "change" instead of "progress"; the obey star was also absent from later versions. By October 2008, Fairey and Sergant claimed to have printed 300,000 posters (with less than 2,000 sold and the rest given away or displayed) and 1,000,000 stickers, as well as clothing and other items with the image sold through Fairey's website, in addition to copies printed by others.[12][14] According to Fairey and Sergant, proceeds from sales of the image were used to produce more posters and other merchandise in support of the Obama campaign, rather than direct profit for Fairey.[12] | END ID: 280
ID: 281 | TITLE: x86-64 | CONTENT: Long mode is the architecture's intended primary mode of operation; it is a combination of the processor's native 64-bit mode and a combined 32-bit and 16-bit compatibility mode. It is used by 64-bit operating systems. Under a 64-bit operating system, 64-bit programs run under 64-bit mode, and 32-bit and 16-bit protected mode applications (that do not need to use either real mode or virtual 8086 mode in order to execute at any time) run under compatibility mode. Real-mode programs and programs that use virtual 8086 mode at any time cannot be run in long mode unless those modes are emulated in software.[11]:11 However, such programs may be started from an operating system running in long mode on processors supporting VT-x or AMD-V by creating a virtual processor running in the desired mode. | END ID: 281
ID: 282 | TITLE: History of Chinese Australians | CONTENT: In the 1880s there was also a rise in anti-Chinese sentiment in the cities of Melbourne and Sydney. Earlier discontent had been curtailed by the segregationist policies in the rural protectorates and poorly reported in the urban publications. However, as more and more Chinese began moving from the country towns into the cities there was an equal rise in anti-Chinese sentiment. This resulted in another round of restrictive Acts in NSW in 1881 and 1888. It also contributed to a rising drive for Federation of Australia. One of the most compelling arguments for federation amongst the public and politicians of the time was that a united immigration policy would secure the borders of all the Australian colonies. The Chinese 'pest' or 'menace' was the root of these immigration fears. | END ID: 282
ID: 283 | TITLE: Shambala (song) | CONTENT: The well-known cover of this song by the rock band Three Dog Night appeared in 1973 on the Billboard Hot 100, on the top 40 from the beginning of June through the end of August, reaching #3 in both the pop singles and adult contemporary categories,[1] #1 on the Cashbox Magazine charts,[2] and an isolated week at #1 on WLS.[3] Headed toward the Hot 100's summit in late July, had it not run out of steam, “Shambala” would have completed an uncommon distinction of a Hot 100 chart-topper for each of four consecutive years for the group. The song, the first one that the group had specifically cut as a single, rather than an album cut,[4] later appeared on Cyan, Three Dog Night's ninth album, and subsequently on numerous anthologies and compilation albums.[1][5] | END ID: 283
ID: 284 | TITLE: Middle kingdoms of India | CONTENT: During 9th-12th century, the Tomaras of Delhi ruled parts of the present-day Delhi and Haryana.[61] Much of the information about this dynasty comes from bardic legends of little historical value, and therefore, the reconstruction of their history is difficult.[62] According to the bardic tradition, the dynasty's founder Anangapal Tuar (that is Anangapala I Tomara) founded Delhi in 736 CE.[63] However, the authenticity of this claim is doubtful.[62] The bardic legends also state that the last Tomara king (also named Anangapal) passed on the throne of Delhi to his maternal grandson Prithviraj Chauhan. This claim is also inaccurate: historical evidence shows that Prithviraj inherited Delhi from his father Someshvara.[62] According to the Bijolia inscription of Someshvara, his brother Vigraharaja IV had captured Dhillika (Delhi) and Ashika (Hansi); he probably defeated a Tomara ruler.[64] | END ID: 284
ID: 285 | TITLE: Indian Statistical Institute | CONTENT: ISI offers two undergraduate programs, viz. Bachelor of Statistics (Honours) (B.Stat) and Bachelor of Mathematics (Honours) (B. Math),[21] seven graduate programs, viz. Master of Statistics (M. Stat), Master of Mathematics (M. Math), Master of Science in Quantitative Economics (MSQE), Master of Science in Library and Information Science (MSLIS), Master of Science in Quality Management Science (MSQMS), Master of Technology in Computer Science (MTech–CS) and Master of Technology in Quality, Reliability and Operations Research (MTech–QROR),[21] three PG Diploma programs, viz Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Applications (PGDCA)[22] and P.G. Diploma in Statistical Methods and Analytics and research fellowships towards obtaining a PhD degree.[21]. The third PG diploma program being in collaboration with IIM Calcutta and IIT Kharagpur - Post Graduate Diploma in Business Analytics (PGDBA)[23] with an aim to nurture and develop highly skilled business analytical professionals. | END ID: 285
ID: 286 | TITLE: The Pillars of the Earth | CONTENT: After many years, Kingsbridge cathedral is completed. Waleran still seeks to ruin Philip, and accuses him of fornication by claiming that Jonathan, now a well liked and committed monk, is Philip's son. With Philip's conviction certain due to a lack of evidence proving his innocence, Jack and Jonathan attempt to figure out the identity of the latter's father, both being unaware that he is Tom's son. They discover the truth when Jonathan recalls that he had been found near the monastery cell that Philip once ran, a fact that had previously been unknown to Jack, who then remembers seeing the baby Jonathan lying on his mother's grave. The two of them manage to convince Ellen, who has remained bitter towards Philip for his role in splitting up her and Tom, to testify on his behalf. | END ID: 286
ID: 287 | TITLE: Ray Charles (musician, born 1918) | CONTENT: Discharged in 1946, Charles sang on New York radio ("Um Um Good" for Campbell's soups[10] among other gigs) and on many record dates. In 1947, he was the conductor for the Broadway hit Finian's Rainbow,[7] and conducted the original cast recording. Charles initially became associated with Perry Como in 1948 through his arrangements for the vocal group the Satisfiers. The group performed on Como's The Chesterfield Supper Club.[9][11] From 1949 to 1951, he was choral arranger-conductor on The Big Show, the last big radio variety show with Tallulah Bankhead and Meredith Willson.[12] Charles was also a soloist and sang in the choir on Manhattan Merry-Go-Round, Tuesday on Broadway, The Prudential Family Hour, The Celenese Hour, The Schafer Beer Program and The American Melody Hour, and he wrote the theme for Danny Kaye's 7-Up Radio Show. | END ID: 287
ID: 288 | TITLE: Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India | CONTENT: Almost all parts of the Constitution, including the Preamble and amending clause, were changed by the 42nd Amendment, and some new articles and sections were inserted. The amendment's fifty-nine clauses stripped the Supreme Court of many of its powers and moved the political system toward parliamentary sovereignty. It curtailed democratic rights in the country, and gave sweeping powers to the Prime Minister's Office.[3] The amendment gave Parliament unrestrained power to amend any parts of the Constitution, without judicial review. It transferred more power from the state governments to the central government, eroding India's federal structure. The 42nd Amendment also amended the Preamble and changed the description of India from "sovereign democratic republic" to a "sovereign, socialist secular democratic republic", and also changed the words "unity of the nation" to "unity and integrity of the nation". | END ID: 288
ID: 289 | TITLE: Saxophone | CONTENT: The saxophone family was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1840.[2][3] Adolphe Sax wanted to create a group or series of instruments that would be the most powerful and vocal of the woodwinds, and the most adaptive of the brass instruments, that would fill the vacant middle ground between the two sections. Sax patented the saxophone on June 28, 1846, in two groups of seven instruments each. Each series consisted of instruments of various sizes in alternating transposition. The series pitched in B♭ and E♭, designed for military bands, have proved popular and most saxophones encountered today are from this series. Instruments from the so-called "orchestral" series, pitched in C and F, never gained a foothold, and the B♭ and E♭ instruments have now replaced the C and F instruments when the saxophone is used in an orchestra. | END ID: 289
ID: 290 | TITLE: Operations management for services | CONTENT: For manufactured products, quality problems are handled through warranties, returns and repair after the product is delivered. In high contact services there is no time to fix quality problems later; they must be handled by service recovery as the service is delivered. For example, if soup is spilled on the customer in a restaurant, the waiter might apologize, offer to pay to have the suit cleaned and provide a free meal. If a hotel room is not ready when promised, the staff could apologize, offer to store the customer's luggage or provide an upgraded room. Service recovery is intended to fix the problem on the spot and go even further to offer the customer some form of consolation and compensation. The objective is to make the customer satisfied with the situation, even though there was a service failure.[30][31] | END ID: 290
ID: 291 | TITLE: Belling the Cat | CONTENT: One of the earliest versions of the story appears as a parable critical of the clergy in Odo of Cheriton's Parabolae.[5] Written around 1200, it was afterwards translated into Welsh, French and Spanish. Some time later the story is found in the work now referred to as Ysopet-Avionnet, which is largely made up of Latin poems by the 12th century Walter of England, followed by a French version dating from as much as two centuries later. It also includes four poems not found in Walter's Esopus; among them is the tale of "The Council of the Mice" (De muribus consilium facientibus contra catum). The author concludes with the scornful comment that laws are of no effect without the means of adequately enforcing them and that such parliamentary assemblies as he describes are like the proverbial mountain in labour that gives birth to a mouse.[6] | END ID: 291
ID: 292 | TITLE: Green River (Colorado River) | CONTENT: At the time of its discovery (2005), the Green River Formation was said to have the world's largest fossil fuel deposits in the form of a solid rock resource called [15] oil shale. There is estimated to be between 500 billion and 1.1 trillion barrels (80 and 175 km³) of potentially recoverable oil in the basin,[16] however; this estimated amount of recoverable oil in the form of kerogen is challenged, and in doubt, as currently there is no economically feasible technology to convert rock into a permeable oil. Kerogen is an uncooked form of hydrocarbon that nature did not convert into actual oil.[17] The cost of converting Green River oil shale into actual oil at the moment would be higher than what it could be sold for. The EROI for oil shale is very low while having a very high destructive environmental impact.[18] | END ID: 292
ID: 293 | TITLE: The Book of Five Rings | CONTENT: "Flowing Water Cut" technique refers to if you come into a fight with an enemy of a similar level to you in swordsmanship. When attacking fast, Musashi notes that you will always be at stalemate, so like Stagnant water, you must cut as slowly as possible with your long sword. At the beginning of this technique you and your opponent will be searching for an opening within each other's defense. When your opponent either tries to push off your sword, or to hasten back as to disengage it, you must first expand your whole body and your mind. By moving your body first and then that of your sword, you will be able to strike powerfully and broadly with a movement that seems to reflect the natural flow of water. Ease and confidence will be attained when this technique is continuously practiced upon. | END ID: 293
ID: 294 | TITLE: Edge (wrestler) | CONTENT: Copeland was trained by professional wrestlers Sweet Daddy Siki and Ron Hutchison. Throughout the 1990s, he wrestled in various United States independent promotions. During his time in these promotions, he competed in singles and tag team competition, the latter with long-time friend Christian. In 1997, Copeland signed a developmental deal with the WWF and began competing for the company later that year; he made his televised debut the following June under the ring name Edge. In July 1999, he won the WWF Intercontinental Championship at a house show in Toronto, making it his first title reign with the company. Edge and Christian, billed as brothers and later childhood friends in WWF/WWE storylines, went on to win the WWF Tag Team Championship on seven different occasions. During this time, they gained notoriety in the tag team division, partly due to their participation in Tables, Ladders, and Chairs matches. | END ID: 294
ID: 295 | TITLE: Madonna (entertainer) | CONTENT: In 1992, Madonna starred in A League of Their Own as Mae Mordabito, a baseball player on an all-women's team. It reached number one on the box-office and became the tenth highest-grossing film of the year in the U.S.[91] She recorded the film's theme song, "This Used to Be My Playground", which became her tenth Hot 100 number-one hit, the most by any female artist at the time.[43] The same year, she founded her own entertainment company, Maverick, consisting of a record company (Maverick Records), a film production company (Maverick Films), and associated music publishing, television broadcasting, book publishing and merchandising divisions. The deal was a joint venture with Time Warner and paid Madonna an advance of $60 million. It gave her 20% royalties from the music proceedings, the highest rate in the industry at the time, equaled only by Michael Jackson's royalty rate established a year earlier with Sony.[92] | END ID: 295
ID: 296 | TITLE: Memento (film) | CONTENT: David Julyan composed the film's synthesized score. Julyan acknowledges several synthesized soundtracks that inspired him, such as Vangelis's Blade Runner and Hans Zimmer's The Thin Red Line.[32] While composing the score, Julyan created different, distinct sounds to differentiate between the color and black-and-white scenes: "brooding and classical" themes in the former, and "oppressive and rumbly noise" in the latter.[33] Since he describes the entire score as "Leonard's theme", Julyan says, "The emotion I was aiming at with my music was yearning and loss. But a sense of loss you feel but at the same time you don't know what it is you have lost, a sense of being adrift."[34] Initially, Nolan wanted to use Radiohead's "Paranoid Android" during the end credits, but he was unable to secure the rights.[35] Instead, David Bowie's "Something in the Air" is used, although another of Radiohead's songs, an extended version of "Treefingers", is included on the film's soundtrack.[36] | END ID: 296
ID: 297 | TITLE: George Washington | CONTENT: After much reluctance, he was persuaded to attend the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia during the summer of 1787 as a delegate from Virginia, where he was unanimously elected as president of the Convention.[157] He held considerable criticism of the Articles of Confederation of the thirteen colonies, for the weak central government which it established, referring to the Articles as no more than "a rope of sand" to support the new nation.[158] Washington's view for the need of a strong federal government grew out of the recent war, as well as the inability of the Continental Congress to rally the states to provide for the needs of the military, as was clearly demonstrated for him during the winter at Valley Forge. The general populace, however, did not share Washington's views of a strong federal government binding the states together, comparing such a prevailing entity to the British Parliament that previously ruled and taxed the colonies.[159] | END ID: 297
ID: 298 | TITLE: Geology of the Moon | CONTENT: The lunar maria represent ancient flood basaltic eruptions. In comparison to terrestrial lavas, these contain higher iron abundances, have low viscosities, and some contain highly elevated abundances of the titanium-rich mineral ilmenite. The majority of basaltic eruptions occurred between about 3 and 3.5 Ga ago, though some mare samples have ages as old as 4.2 Ga, and the youngest (based on the method of crater counting) are believed to have erupted only 1 billion years ago. Along with mare volcanism came pyroclastic eruptions, which launched molten basaltic materials hundreds of kilometres away from the volcano. A large portion of the mare formed, or flowed into, the low elevations associated with the nearside impact basins. However, Oceanus Procellarum does not correspond to any known impact structure, and the lowest elevations of the Moon within the farside South Pole-Aitken basin are only modestly covered by mare (see lunar mare for a more detailed discussion). | END ID: 298
ID: 299 | TITLE: Clearing house (finance) | CONTENT: The Americans improved on the British check clearing system and opened a bankers' clearing house in the Bank of New York on Wall Street, New York in 1853. Instead of the slow London procedure in which each bank clerk, one at a time, stepped up to an Inspector's rostrum, in the New York procedure two bank clerks from each bank all worked simultaneously. One clerk from each bank sat inside a 70 foot long oval table, while the second clerk from each bank stood outside the table facing the other clerk from the same bank.[7] Each of the outside clerks carried a file box. When the manager signaled, all of the outside clerks stepped one position to the left, to face the next seated clerks. If a seated clerk represented a bank to which money was owed or from which money was receivable, the net amount of cash would change hands, along with checks and paper documents. | END ID: 299
ID: 300 | TITLE: Dexter (season 3) | CONTENT: While stalking a murderous drug dealer, "Freebo", Dexter stumbles upon a fight between Freebo and another man, whom he is forced to kill in self-defense. This is the first time Dexter kills someone of whose guilt he wasn't completely sure. This victim turns out to be Oscar Prado, brother of Miguel Prado (Jimmy Smits), a prominent assistant district attorney and old flame of Lt. LaGuerta. Miguel comes to confide in and trust Dexter after he helps assist with the case. Dexter tracks down Freebo and kills him, but as he leaves he encounters Miguel, who has followed a lead to Freebo's location. Dexter tells Miguel he had discovered Freebo and killed him in self-defense, but instead of reprimanding him, Miguel thanks him and offers to help him cover up the crime. As Dexter and Miguel cooperate to conceal Freebo's true demise from everyone else, the duo end up becoming close friends, as do Rita and Miguel's wife, Sylvia. | END ID: 300
ID: 301 | TITLE: Flying buttress | CONTENT: As a lateral-support system, the flying buttress was developed during late antiquity and later flourished during the Gothic period (12th–16th c.) of architecture. Ancient examples of the flying buttress can be found on the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna and on the Rotunda of Galerius in Thessaloniki. The architectural-element precursors of the medieval flying buttress derive from Byzantine architecture and Romanesque architecture, in the design of churches, such as Durham Cathedral, where arches transmit the lateral thrust of the stone vault over the aisles; the arches were hidden under the gallery roof, and transmitted the lateral forces to the massive, outer walls. By the decade of 1160, architects in the Île-de-France region employed similar lateral-support systems that featured longer arches of finer design, which run from the outer surface of the clerestory wall, over the roof of the side aisles (hence are visible from the outside) to meet a heavy, vertical buttress rising above the top of the outer wall.[3] | END ID: 301
ID: 302 | TITLE: United States federal budget | CONTENT: The "extended baseline scenario" assumes that the laws currently on the books will be implemented, for the most part. CBO reported in July 2014 that under this scenario: "If current laws remained generally unchanged in the future, federal debt held by the public would decline slightly relative to GDP over the next few years. After that, however, growing budget deficits would push debt back to and above its current high level. Twenty-five years from now, in 2039, federal debt held by the public would exceed 100 percent of GDP. Moreover, debt would be on an upward path relative to the size of the economy, a trend that could not be sustained indefinitely. By 2039, the deficit would equal 6.5 percent of GDP, larger than in any year between 1947 and 2008, and federal debt held by the public would reach 106 percent of GDP, more than in any year except 1946—even without factoring in the economic effects of growing debt."[13] | END ID: 302
ID: 303 | TITLE: Anna (Frozen) | CONTENT: While there hadn't been any official announcements from Disney regarding a coronation for Anna and Elsa, it had been announced in late August 2014 that a special character meal would be held by a group of travel agents in the morning of September 24, 2014. While not officially organized by Disney, the event, called My Royal Coronation, would feature the official Anna and Elsa characters owned by Disney with assistance from the company.[90] On September 12, 2014, Walt Disney World announced that a Frozen attraction was scheduled to open in early 2016 at Epcot's World Showcase in the Norway pavilion, replacing the park's Maelstrom ride. The attraction features the kingdom of Arendelle with music and scenes from the film, as well as meet-and-greets with Anna and Elsa.[91][92] Anna, Elsa, Kristoff, and Olaf will make appearances in Mickey’s Once Upon a Christmastime Parade, offered during Mickey’s Very Merry Christmas Party at Magic Kingdom in November and December 2014[91] (from November 7 to December 31).[92] | END ID: 303
ID: 304 | TITLE: History of tea | CONTENT: In one popular Chinese legend, Shennong, the legendary Emperor of China and inventor of agriculture and Chinese medicine was drinking a bowl of just boiled water due to a decree that his subjects must boil water before drinking it [10] some time around 2737 BC when a few leaves were blown from a nearby tree into his water, changing the color. The emperor took a sip of the brew and was pleasantly surprised by its flavor and restorative properties. A variant of the legend tells that the emperor tested the medical properties of various herbs on himself, some of them poisonous, and found tea to work as an antidote.[11] Shennong is also mentioned in Lu Yu's famous early work on the subject, The Classic of Tea.[12] A similar Chinese legend goes that the god of agriculture would chew the leaves, stems, and roots of various plants to discover medicinal herbs. If he consumed a poisonous plant, he would chew tea leaves to counteract the poison. | END ID: 304
ID: 305 | TITLE: Genome size | CONTENT: Obligate endosymbiotic species are characterized by a complete inability to survive external to their host environment. These species have become a considerable threat to human health, as they are often highly capable of evading human immune systems and manipulating the host environment to acquire nutrients. A common explanation for these keen manipulative abilities is the compact and efficient genomic structure consistently found in obligate endosymbionts. This compact genome structure is the result of massive losses of extraneous DNA - an occurrence that is exclusively associated with the loss of a free-living stage. In fact, as much as 90% of the genetic material can be lost when a species makes the evolutionary transition from a free-living to obligate intracellular lifestyle. Common examples of species with reduced genomes include: Buchnera aphidicola, Rickettsia prowazekii and Mycobacterium leprae. One obligate endosymbiont of leafhoppers, Nasuia deltocephalinicola, has the smallest genome currently known among cellular organisms at 112kb.[15] It is important to note, however, that some obligate intracellular species have positive fitness effects on their hosts. (See also mutualists and parasites.) | END ID: 305
ID: 306 | TITLE: When You Say Nothing at All | CONTENT: RCA released "When You Say Nothing at All" as the follow-up single to the title song of Whitley's Don't Close Your Eyes album. The former song already had hit No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart, his first chart-topper after three prior singles made the top 10.[3] "When You Say Nothing at All" entered the Hot Country Singles chart on September 17, 1988, at No. 61, and gradually rose to the top, where it stayed for two weeks at the end of the year.[1][2] It was the second of five consecutive chart-topping singles for Whitley, who did not live to see the last two, as he died on May 9, 1989 of alcohol poisoning.[3] "Keith did a great job singin' that song," co-composer Schlitz told author Tom Roland. "He truly sang it from the heart."[2] In 2004, Whitley's original was ranked 12th among CMT's 100 Greatest Love Songs.[4] It was sung by Sara Evans on the show. As of February 2015, the song has sold 599,000 digital copies in the US after it became available for download.[5] | END ID: 306
ID: 307 | TITLE: Poverty in Canada | CONTENT: Relative poverty measures, the most prominent being income distribution measures, also known as income inequality metrics, reveal information about disparities of income within a population. So, for instance, if a society becomes richer, even those in the bottom income bands may see their incomes rise as well. A measure which accounts for this rise, increasing with the average income of the society, is known as a "relative measure of poverty."[36] Relative poverty measures are considered by some to be the most useful for advanced industrial nations like Canada.[notes 3] According to a 2008 report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the rate of poverty in Canada, is among the highest of the OECD member nations, the world's wealthiest industrialized nations.[1] There is no official government definition and therefore, measure, for poverty in Canada. However, Dennis Raphael, author of Poverty in Canada: Implications for Health and Quality of Life[2][3] reported that the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Canadian poverty researchers[notes 4][4] find that relative poverty is the "most useful measure for ascertaining poverty rates in wealthy developed nations such as Canada."[1][5][6][7][8] | END ID: 307
ID: 308 | TITLE: DualShock | CONTENT: The DualShock controller was widely supported; shortly after its launch most new titles, including Crash Bandicoot: Warped, Spyro the Dragon, and Tekken 3 included support for the vibration feature and dual analog sticks, while Capcom re-released Resident Evil: Director's Cut and Resident Evil 2 with support for the controller added to these newer versions. Some games designed for the Dual Analog's vibration capability, such as Porsche Challenge and Crash Bandicoot 2, also work. Many games took advantage of the presence of two motors to provide vibration effects in stereo including Gran Turismo and the PlayStation port of Quake II. Released in 1999, the PlayStation hit Ape Escape became the first game to explicitly require DualShock/Dual-Analog-type controllers, with its gameplay requiring the use of both analog sticks. In 2000, when the PS one (a remodeled version of the original PlayStation) was released with the slightly redesigned DualShock Controller (SCPH-110), similar to the first one, except its color is white instead of gray, in the middle of the controller has the "PS one" logo, instead of the "PlayStation" naming, most of the buttons, analog sticks and the cord are brighter than the previous one, and the connector is more of a semi-circle shape than having round edge, it also came in colors. | END ID: 308
====== Example 1 ======
Based on the documents above, can you answer the following query? Print out the TITLE and ID of the documents you use to answer. Then format the answers into a list.
query: where did the dewey decimal system come from
TITLE: Dewey Decimal Classification | ID: 0
Final Answer: ['Melvil Dewey']
====== Example 2 ======
Based on the documents above, can you answer the following query? Print out the TITLE and ID of the documents you use to answer. Then format the answers into a list.
query: where did the titanic sink at what ocean
TITLE: RMS Titanic | ID: 1
Final Answer: ['North Atlantic Ocean']
====== Example 3 ======
Based on the documents above, can you answer the following query? Print out the TITLE and ID of the documents you use to answer. Then format the answers into a list.
query: where does the edinburgh fringe festival take place
TITLE: Edinburgh Festival Fringe | ID: 2
Final Answer: ['in Edinburgh, Scotland']
====== Example 4 ======
Based on the documents above, can you answer the following query? Print out the TITLE and ID of the documents you use to answer. Then format the answers into a list.
query: who headed the 7th central pay commission of india
TITLE: Pay Commission | ID: 3
Final Answer: ['Justice A.K Mathur']
====== Example 5 ======
Based on the documents above, can you answer the following query? Print out the TITLE and ID of the documents you use to answer. Then format the answers into a list.
query: what was the code name of the us program to develop an atomic bomb
TITLE: Manhattan Project | ID: 4
Final Answer: ['Development of Substitute Materials', 'Manhattan', 'The Manhattan Project']
|
====== Now let's start! ======
Based on the documents above, can you answer the following query? Print out the TITLE and ID of the documents you use to answer. Then format the answers into a list.
query: when does monday night raw come on hulu
|
Final Answer:
|
[
"the following day"
] |
nq_32k
| 256
|
"You will be given a list of documents. You need to read carefully and understand all of them. Then (...TRUNCATED)
| "====== Now let's start! ======\nBased on the documents above, can you answer the following query? P(...TRUNCATED)
|
Final Answer:
|
[
"Spain",
"Taíno",
"indigenous Taíno people"
] |
nq_32k
| 256
|
"You will be given a list of documents. You need to read carefully and understand all of them. Then (...TRUNCATED)
| "====== Now let's start! ======\nBased on the documents above, can you answer the following query? P(...TRUNCATED)
|
Final Answer:
|
[
"September 13, 2012"
] |
nq_32k
| 256
|
"You will be given a list of documents. You need to read carefully and understand all of them. Then (...TRUNCATED)
| "====== Now let's start! ======\nBased on the documents above, can you answer the following query? P(...TRUNCATED)
|
Final Answer:
|
[
"Haliaeetus"
] |
nq_32k
| 256
|
"You will be given a list of documents. You need to read carefully and understand all of them. Then (...TRUNCATED)
| "====== Now let's start! ======\nBased on the documents above, can you answer the following query? P(...TRUNCATED)
|
Final Answer:
|
[
"Kobol's Last Gleaming"
] |
nq_32k
| 256
|
"You will be given a list of documents. You need to read carefully and understand all of them. Then (...TRUNCATED)
| "====== Now let's start! ======\nBased on the documents above, can you answer the following query? P(...TRUNCATED)
|
Final Answer:
|
[
"Nala"
] |
nq_32k
| 256
|
"You will be given a list of documents. You need to read carefully and understand all of them. Then (...TRUNCATED)
| "====== Now let's start! ======\nBased on the documents above, can you answer the following query? P(...TRUNCATED)
|
Final Answer:
|
[
"Christopher Lloyd"
] |
nq_32k
| 256
|
"You will be given a list of documents. You need to read carefully and understand all of them. Then (...TRUNCATED)
| "====== Now let's start! ======\nBased on the documents above, can you answer the following query? P(...TRUNCATED)
|
Final Answer:
|
[
"Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz"
] |
nq_32k
| 256
|
"You will be given a list of documents. You need to read carefully and understand all of them. Then (...TRUNCATED)
| "====== Now let's start! ======\nBased on the documents above, can you answer the following query? P(...TRUNCATED)
|
Final Answer:
|
[
"Glenn Close"
] |
nq_32k
| 256
|
"You will be given a list of documents. You need to read carefully and understand all of them. Then (...TRUNCATED)
| "====== Now let's start! ======\nBased on the documents above, can you answer the following query? P(...TRUNCATED)
|
Final Answer:
|
[
"the Ramones"
] |
nq_32k
| 256
|
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
LOFT RAG - Natural Questions (32k)
Dataset Description
This dataset is part of the LOFT (Long-context Open Foundation Tasks) benchmark, specifically the RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) task.
- Dataset: Natural Questions
- Context Length: 32k
- Task Type: RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)
- Language: English
- Source: LOFT Benchmark (Google DeepMind)
Dataset Structure
Data Fields
context(string): Full prompt context including corpus documents and few-shot examplesquestion(string): Query separator + query format + query textanswer_prefix(string): Prefix for answer generation ("Final Answer: ")answers(list[string]): Ground truth answerstask(string): Task identifier (e.g., "nq_32k")max_new_tokens(int64): Maximum tokens for generation (256)
Data Splits
dev: Development set (10 examples)test: Test set (100 examples)
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load the dataset
dataset = load_dataset("loft-rag-nq-32k")
# Access splits
dev_data = dataset["dev"]
df_dev = dev_data.to_pandas()
test_data = dataset["test"]
df_test = test_data.to_pandas()
# Example usage
sample = dataset["dev"][0] if "dev" in dataset else dataset["test"][0]
context = sample["context"]
question = sample["question"]
answers = sample["answers"]
Dataset Creation
This dataset was converted from LOFT's original format to HuggingFace format using exact LOFT prompt construction to ensure 100% fidelity.
- Prompt Construction: Uses LOFT's
PromptRegistryandconcatenate_chunks()for exact prompt matching - Few-shot Examples: Preserved exactly as in LOFT (5 examples)
- Corpus Documents: Full corpus included in context (corpus-in-context approach)
- Verification: All prompts verified to match LOFT originals exactly
Related Datasets
All LOFT RAG datasets are available under the loft-rag-* namespace:
- Main Index - Overview of all datasets
Citation
@article{{loft2024,
title={{LOFT: Long-context Open Foundation Tasks}},
author={{Google DeepMind}},
year={{2024}},
url={{https://github.com/google-deepmind/loft}}
}}
License
Apache 2.0
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