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trivia_qa_1505523
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which 2007 treaty amended the Maastricht Treaty and Treaty of Rome?",
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"content": "Treaties Library » International & Area Studies Library » Portal to The European Union at Illinois » EU Institutions » Treaties Treaties Official Treaties are the foundations of the European Union and the primary source of EU law. Europa's European Treaties page provides an overview of the major treaties and includes links to explanatory texts for certain treaties (see lower-right corner of page). The Founding Treaties (Quotations taken from Europa's How the European Union Works ) Treaty Establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Also known as \"Treaty of Paris\" Signed: April 18, 1951, Paris Came into force: July 23, 1952 Expired: July 23, 2002 Created the three \"European Communities\"--\"the system of joint decision-making on coal, steel, nuclear power and other major sectors of the member states' economies.\" Established free trade area for many important economic and military resources. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Also known as \"Treaty of Rome\" Formerly known as the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) Signed: March 25, 1957, Rome Came into force: January 1, 1958 Amended by the Treaty of Lisbon as of December 1, 2009 Created a common market aimed at facilitating the movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. Abolished all internal tariffs. Established a common agricultural policy (CAP) and a common external trade policy. Treaty Establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Also signed in Rome--same dates as above Euratom was established to facilitate and encourage cooperation in atomic energy development and use. Treaty on European Union (EU) Also known as \"The Maastricht Treaty\" Signed: February 7, 1992, Maastricht Came into force: November 1, 1993 Amended by the Treaty of Lisbon as of December 1, 2009 Established the European Union. Granted EU citizenship to every citizen of EU member states. Introduced central banking system and unified currency, the euro. \"Introduced new forms of co-operation between the member state governments--for example on defence and in the area of 'justice and home affairs.' By adding this inter-governmental co-operation to the existing 'Community' system, the Maastricht Treaty created a new structure with three \"pillars\" which is political as well as economic. This is the European Union.\" Maastricht also renamed the EEC (created in the Treaty of Rome) to simply the EC--European Community--since the community's role had expanded beyond just economic concerns. Treaty of Lisbon Signed: December 13, 2007 came into force: December 1, 2009 The Treaty of Lisbon amends the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community. It increased the legislative and budgetary powers of the European Parliament, and created the function of President of the European Council. The voting rules in the Council were also amended, calculating a double majority according to member states and according to EU population as a whole. The Treaty of Lisbon is also notable for containing the first explicit recognition of the right of a member state to leave the Union. Other Treaties (Quotations taken from Europa's How the European Union Works ) Single European Act (SEA) Signed: February 1986 Came into force: July 1, 1987 Expanded scope of EEC. \"Amended the EEC treaty and paved the way for completing the Single Market.\" Treaty of Amsterdam Signed: October 2, 1997 Came into force: May 1, 1999 \"Amended the EU and EC treaties, giving numbers (instead of letters) to the EU Treaty articles\" Treaty of Nice Signed: February 26, 2001 Came into force: February 1, 2003 \"Further amends the other treaties, streamlining the EU's institutional system so it can continue to work effectively after a new wave of member states joins in 2004\" Treaties of Accession Various dates The founding treaties are amended whenever new member states join the European Union. The most recent such amendment was in 2005, when Romania and Bulgaria were admitted to the EU. A complete list of the accession treaties is here . The Treaties area of EUR-Lex contains the",
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trivia_qa_1505524
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The name of which African country means 'House of Stone'?",
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"content": "Origin of African Country Names - Words We Speak - GaiaNews http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/africa.htm Algeria - Named after the capital city Algiers or Al-Jazair (\"The Island\") in Arabic. A reference to the small islands that once dotted the bay of the city. Angola - When Portuguese mariner Diego Cao landed at the mouth of the Congo River in 1483, two distinct Kingdoms ruled the region. The Kingdom of the Bakongo reigned in the north. The Quimbundos Kingdom, also known as Ndongo, dominated in the western and central areas. The king of the Quimbundos was called \"Ngola\". The region, taking its name from the king, became Angola. Benin - (Formerly Dahomey) named after the ancient Nigerian Kingdom of Benin. The former name Dahomey, pronounced Dan Ho Me (\"on the belly of Dan\") was an ancient Kingdom located in the south of what is modern-day Benin Republic. Botswana - A name used to collectively describe the Tswana, the country's dominant ethnic group. Formerly known as Bechuanaland, Bechauna being an alternative spelling for Botswana. Burkina Fasso - Mossi for \"Land of Incorruptible Men\" was changed to this from Upper Volta in 1984. Upper Volta reffered to its geographical location in relation to the Volta river. Burundi - Derives from Rundi (Kirundi) the language universally spoken throughout Burundi. Cameroon (also Cameroun in French) - The name is derived from Rio de Camar�es (the River of Prawns) the name given to River Wouri by Portuguese Explorers in the 15th century. Cape Verde (Cabo Verde) - Named after the westernmost point in mainland Africa. The nearest point on the continent to this Island Nation. Central African Republic - It's in Central Africa! Africa is believed to have originated from either the Latin word aprica (\"Sunny\") or greek aphrike (\"without cold\") and originally applied to North Africa. However as Europe discovered the extent of continental Africa, the term came to match its modern day usage. Chad - The name appears to derive from the Lake which forms it South-Western border with Nigeria. Comoros - The name \"Comoros\" is derived from the Arabic kamar or kumr, meaning \"moon,\" although this name was first applied by Arab geographers to Madagascar. It was adopted by French Colonialists to describe the Islands. Congo - Named after the 15th Kingdom of Kongo which thrived on both banks of the River Congo, extending into Modern day Congo, Congo DR, Angola and Zambia. Congo DR - As Above. Also formerly known as Zaire a traditional local name for River Congo. Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) - The Reference by European traders to the availabiilty of Ivory Tusks. Djibouti - (Fomerly Territory of the Afars and Issas) Named after the Port capital. Egypt - Direct geographical descendent of Ancient Egypt. Equatorial Guinea - Guinea derives from the berber word aguinaw, or gnawa (\"black man\"), which Berbers (Nomadic Saharan Peoples) have used to describe most of West Africa. Eritrea - The Latin phrase Mare Erythraeum (\"Red Sea\") was used by Italy to describe its colonies in the horn of Africa. This later became Eritrea and was adopted by the country on independence from Ethiopia. Ethiopia - Direct geographical descendent of Ancient Ethiopia. Gabon - Gabon's first European visitors were Portuguese traders who arrived in the 15th century and subsequent Portuguese references refered to it as Gabon after the Portuguese word gabao, a coat with sleeves and hood resembling the shape of the Como River estuary, where they first explored. Gambia - Named after the River Gambia which flows through the Country. Ghana - Named after the Ancient West African Kingdom of Ghana. See Ancient Ghana. Guinea - See Equatorial Guinea. Guinea-Bissau - See Equatorial Guinea. Kenya - Named after the mountain o",
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trivia_qa_1505525
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[
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; A caracal is what type of animal?",
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"content": "Caracal (Caracal Caracal) - Animals - A-Z Animals Five groups that classify all living things Animalia A group of animals within the animal kingdom Chordata A group of animals within a pylum Mammalia A group of animals within a class Carnivora A group of animals within an order Felidae A group of animals within a family Caracal Comprised of the genus followed by the species Caracal Caracal The animal group that the species belongs to Mammal What kind of foods the animal eats Carnivore How long (L) or tall (H) the animal is 65cm - 90cm (2ft - 3ft) The measurement of how heavy the animal is 11kg - 18kg (24lbs - 40lbs) The fastest recorded speed of the animal 80km/h (50mph) How long the animal lives for 12 - 15 years Whether the animal is solitary or sociable Solitary The likelihood of the animal becoming extinct Least Concern The colour of the animal's coat or markings Tan, Brown, Black The protective layer of the animal Fur The specific area where the animal lives Dry woodland and savannah The average number of babies born at once 3 Other animals that hunt and eat the animal Human, Hyena, Lions Characteristics unique to the animal Long, black ear tufts and short fur Caracal Location Map of Africa Caracal The caracal is also commonly known as the Persian Lynx or African Lynx despite the fact that the caracal is not a lynx at all. The caracal is thought to be most closely related to the African golden cat and the serval. The caracals name is believed to come from the Turkish word Karakulak, which means black ears. The caracal typically has 20 different muscles in the caracals ears which enables the caracal to detect prey. The caracal is a medium sized cat however, with the caracal , its size appears to make little difference on what the caracal hunts. Scientists have found dead ostriches with caracal tooth-marks in them, meaning that the caracal is fast enough to outrun and catch an ostrich , and strong enough to overpower it and kill it. The caracal has also been known to leap up into the air to successfully catch and kill flying birds . The caracals are excellent acrobats and can land safely. The caracal is normally dark red, grey, or golden sand in colour and as the caracals name suggests, the caracals ears are black, with tufts. Young caracals bear reddish spots on the underbelly that disappear when they grow up. The caracal mainly hunts rodents, birds (including ostriches), antelopes , gazelles, and rabbits . The caracal tends to avoid eating very stiff fur by neatly shearing it off with their claws, but they are tolerant of feathers. The caracal can live up to around 12 years in the wild, with some adult caracals living to 17 years old in captivity. The caracal is found in Africa and Southwest Asia , where the caracal prefers grasslands (savannas and tropical grasslands), and deserts . Share This Article",
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trivia_qa_1505526
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"In what country do people say \"\"Kanpai\"\" when making a toast?\"",
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"content": "Cheers in Japanese - Drinking in Japan Cheers in Japanese Cheers in Japanese Drinking in Japan: Etiquette and How to Survive Kanpai is the way to say cheers in Japanese when drinking in Japan. DAJ / Getty Images By Greg Rodgers Updated January 05, 2016. Whether sharing a drink for business, pleasure, or both, knowing how to say \"cheers\" in Japanese is essential for enjoying the experience. Drinking in Japan can be a serious affair. Just as real business relationships are formed on golf courses in the West, business is frequently conducted over drinks in social environments throughout Japan. Sessions can go for hours on end. Luckily, Japanese drinking etiquette is simple: never drink alone and always offer a polite cheers! Note: As in any culture, following the lead of your local friends and hosts is always the best bet. Although many of these pointers for drinking in Japan hold true, settings vary and sometimes people adopt more relaxed approaches to make Western guests feel more comfortable. First, see some Japan travel tips for saving money in what is notoriously considered an expensive destination. How to Say Cheers in Japanese The easiest way to say cheers in Japanese is with an enthusiastic kanpai! continue reading below our video Tips for Taking Better Travel Photos (sounds like \"gahn-pie\"). Often shouted with enthusiasm, Kanpai translates to \"empty cup\" or \"bottoms up.\" Tradition once dictated that people were expected to finish their small cup of sake (rice wine) in one shot. Now that beer is more or less the drink of choice, you can certainly get by with just raising your glass and taking a sip each time someone offers a toast. That's a good thing; there may be scores of toasts during any given session! Tip: The correct pronunciation of sake is \"sah-keh,\" not \"sak-key\" as is often used in the West. Learn how to bow in Japan . Drinking in Japan The number one rule of etiquette to observe when drinking in Japan is to never take a drink alone. Always wait for the group to receive their drinks and for someone to offer a cheers or toast before you raise your glass and take the first drink. Make eye contact with those nearest as you raise your glass, or angle your body and pay attention to whomever is giving the toast. The glass of the most senior person should be slightly higher than yours. Beer is the usual choice for social and business settings in Japan. Sake coming in a close second although whiskey and bourbon have gained a significant following. Your Japanese cohorts may prefer to drink sake with you just for the experience and to share an important part of the culture. While not a requirement, ordering the same first drink as others in the group is considered extremely polite and makes sharing easier. When drinking in Japan, or in any formal group setting, emphasis is shifted to the group or team as a whole; individuality is often considered rogue and impolite. If you're in a formal setting, this isn't the time to go for your usual cocktail choice -- follow the lead of the group and stick to beer or sake. Today, beer most often accompanies a meal, while sake is enjoyed with appetizers or light fare . If possible, avoid sipping from your glass alone throughout a meal. Japanese drinking sessions are often a marathon; sip water instead and wait for the group to drink. If you do need to sip beer, you don't necessarily have to offer a kompai! each time; you can simply raise your glass and meet eyes with someone. If someone makes eye contact with you and wishes to drink, lift your cup. Putting your cup back on the table without at least taking a little sip is considered impolite. Japanese Drinking Etiquette It is customary to allow others seated close to pour your drinks from their beer or tokkuri (sake bottle) and you should reciprocate, assuming that you are drinking the same thing. Typically, the younger or lower in status pour for the senior members of the group first. Hierarchies are especially observed during business meetings. Learn more about Japanese business etiquette . When someone is filling your glass",
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trivia_qa_1505527
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Krimml Falls are in which European country?",
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"content": "Krimml Waterfalls in Salzburg, Austria Order Krimml Waterfalls Enjoy a spectacular hike to Austria’s highest waterfalls. The three stages of the hike, starting in the village of Krimml, take you to ever more spectacular views of the falls and the surrounding countryside. Bring your camera and capture the most beautiful section of the falls! The gorgeous scenery of the Hohe Tauern National Park is your backdrop when hiking from the little village of Krimml, in the province of Salzburg, to Central Europe’s tallest waterfalls: the “Krimml Waterfalls.” From a height of 380 meters, the mountain waters of the Krimmler Ache, a glacial creek, plunge over three tiers to the valley below. Walk for about 30 minutes from the southern end of the village, high above the Salzach valley, along the path to the first view point, the Lower Falls. The Riemannkanzel and the third view point are only about 5 minutes apart. Further along, the Regenkanzel takes you to the Middle Falls where you can literally feel the power of the water. If you feel like taking a break, the Schoenangerl restaurant at 4,216 ft. is the perfect place to do so. Of course, you’ll find the finest view at the Bergerblick, the top of the falls. Expect to spend 1 ½ hours to hike to the top. Tectonic shifts pushed the earth up to create the high distance to the bottom of the falls. Don’t miss the Krimmler Ache, which is the source of the waterfall! Immediately adjacent to the falls, find the WasserWunderWelt, an aquatic theme park that depicts water in its countless forms.",
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trivia_qa_1505528
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The birdeating spider (the largest spider in the world is found in what part of the world",
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"content": "World's Largest Spider Travel World's Largest Spider The goliath birdeater tarantula of South America is arguably the biggest spider in the world. Watch as one hapless mouse wanders into a spider's… more They're the big, hairy spiders of our nightmares. And it's no wonder we're afraid. Tarantulas are the biggest of all of the arachnids. These spiders are killing machines, perfectly adapted to their habitats. And the biggest and baddest of them all is the Goliath. It can grow to nearly a foot across, with fangs an inch long. The Goliath makes its home in the remote rainforests of South America. Night is when the Goliath is most active. But for these ambush predators, hunting means lying in wait. Near the entrance to her burrow, she lays down a silk welcome mat. It acts like a trip-wire, letting her know when something has ventured within range. Even with eight eyes, Goliaths-like most spiders-have weak vision. They're alerted to the presence of prey by vibrations rippling across their sensitive hairs. It's only a matter of time before some hapless creature-like this floor mouse-wanders too close, and brushes against the silk. It's like ringing a dinner bell. The Goliath's venom proves fatal to this mouse. But for most people, the tarantula's bite is no worse than a bee sting. According to researchers, there's never been a single confirmed human death from a tarantula bite. Perhaps knowing the facts about these ancient predators can help turn human fear… into fascination. X World's Largest Spider The goliath birdeater tarantula of South America is arguably the biggest spider in the world. Watch as one hapless mouse wanders into a spider's deadly trap, and see the unusual adaptations that make the goliath one of nature's deadliest ambushers. Share Link",
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trivia_qa_1505529
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Pneumoconiosis is a type of what illness?",
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"content": "Types of Pneumoconiosis | Pneumoconiosis Types of Pneumoconiosis national accident helpline Pneumoconiosis is the name of a range of occupational lung diseases including asbestosis, berylliosis, byssinosis, coal worker’s pneumoconiosis and silicosis. In the UK pneumoconiosis is a “notifiable” industrial disease. In other words, if a patient is diagnosed with a form of pneumoconiosis then the doctor is duty bound to inform the patients’ employer of the diagnosis (with the permission of the patient). It is then the duty of the employer to inform the Health and Safety Executive. The Department of Work and Pensions stipulate that pneumoconiosis conditions are covered by disablement benefit and there is also the option to make a personal injury claim against the employer of a person suffering from pneumoconiosis if it can be proved that the condition was caused as a consequence of their work environment. See below for specific information on each of the main forms of pneumoconiosis -",
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trivia_qa_1505530
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which celestial body is the only dwarf planet and largest asteroid found in the inner solar system?",
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"content": "Celestial Body - Universe Today Universe Today by Jerry Coffey [/caption]The term celestial body is as expansive as the entire universe, both known and unknown. By definition a celestial body is any natural body outside of the Earth’s atmosphere. Easy examples are the Moon, Sun, and the other planets of our solar system. But those are very limited examples. The Kuiper belt contains many celestial bodies. Any asteroid in space is a celestial body. So, what do you write about with such a broad topic? How about a sampling of five of my favorites and leave it at that for now? Which five, though. Well, let’s cover Ceres, the Kuiper belt, the asteroid Cruithne , Achernar, and Apophis. Ceres is a celestial body that is by far the largest and most massive asteroid in the belt between Mars and Jupiter. It is approximately the size of Texas or 975km x 909 km with a mass of 9.5×1020. It actually represents 1/3 of all of the mass of the asteroid belt. It has enough mass for self gravity which is a major requirement to be considered a dwarf planet. It revolves around the sun every 1679.819 days with a very small axial tilt. The surface is relatively warm. The high temperature is thought to be in the neighborhood of -38°C(235 K). Ceres has a visual brightness magnitude of +6.9 to +9. When it is at the brightest point possible, Ceres is nearly bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. It can be seen with binoculars whenever it is above the horizon on a completely dark night. The Kuiper belt contains many a celestial body. It is actually a disk-shaped region in the outer solar system lying beyond the orbit of Neptune and extending to a distance of about 50 astronomical units, containing thousands of small icy bodies, some of which are on highly elliptical orbits, periodically visiting the inner solar system as comets. It is thought to be a collection of the remnants of the formation of the solar system. Who knows what may be found when we are able to send spacecraft to its edges? As a celestial body, the asteroid Cruithne is sort of small and indistinct until you consider that it is locked in a 1:1 orbit with the Earth. The asteroid is sometimes referred to as the Earth’s second moon. It is not a true moon because the Earth’s gravity does not effect it nor does its effect the Earth. Cruithne’s nearest pass to Earth is .1 AU (40 moon lengths), although right now it never comes closer than .3 AU. The asteroid sort of runs like a corkscrew around the Earth while both are revolving around the Sun. The asteroid Cruithne is in a normal elliptic orbit around the Sun. Its revolution around the Sun, approximately 364 days at present, is almost equal to that of the Earth. Because of this, Cruithne and Earth appear to follow each other in their paths around the Sun. The celestial body Achernar is a bright, blue, B3-type star of six to eight solar masses lying approximately 144 light years away. It is classified as a dwarf, but it is 3,000 times more luminous than our Sun. It is in the deep southern sky and never rises above 33°N. Achernar is best seen from the southern hemisphere in November; it is circumpolar below 33°S. Achernar spins so quickly that is spherical in shape. The distance along its equator is 50% greater than its polar diameter. It is the brightest star in the Eridanus constellation. It is also the 9th brightest star in the night sky. Of the 10 brightest stars, other than our Sun, it is the hottest and bluest. The celestial body Apophis is one of the most intriguing, to me. It is the stuff that many sci-fi legends have been based on. Apophis is most famous for the stir it caused in 2004. The asteroid was discovered on its way towards the Earth and was predicted to have a 2.7% chance of impacting the Earth. That in and of itself is not significant. Objects impact the Earth on a yearly basis. The size of Apophis was the major concern. Even a small chance that an asteroid the size of a small town hitting the Earth rightly caused a large commotion. It achieved the highest score ever on the Torino scale and it stayed on",
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trivia_qa_1505531
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the scientific name for the windpipe?",
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"content": "Windpipe | Define Windpipe at Dictionary.com windpipe the trachea of an air-breathing vertebrate. Origin of windpipe 1520-30; wind 1 + pipe 1 Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for windpipe Expand Contemporary Examples After using her hands to clear her windpipe, she freed her eyes from the embers that were blinding her vision. Mailer's Final Gift Lawrence Schiller February 4, 2009 Historical Examples My brother felt that it must be the windpipe, because when you kicked someone there he lost his breath. The soreness in the throat may extend down the windpipe, and membranes may form there. Diphtheria Public Health Service British Dictionary definitions for windpipe Expand a nontechnical name for trachea (sense 1) related adjective tracheal Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for windpipe Expand \"trachea,\" 1520s, from wind (n.1) in the \"breath\" sense + pipe (n.1). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper",
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trivia_qa_1505532
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The sportsman Oscar Pistorius has what nickname?'",
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"content": "Studying Oscar Pistorius: Does The 'Blade Runner' Have An Advantage? [Video] | WBFO Studying Oscar Pistorius: Does The 'Blade Runner' Have An Advantage? [Video] By Howard Berkes • Jul 30, 2012 Related Program: Oscar Pistorius of South Africa runs in the men's 200-meter event at the Paralympic World Cup in May. Some observers have suggested Pistorius receives an unfair advantage from his carbon-fiber \"blade\" legs. Michael Steele / Getty Images View Slideshow 2 of 2 \"The unaffected leg produces peak vertical forces that are on average 9 percent greater than those produced by the affected leg using a running-specific prosthesis,\" concluded scientists who studied a Paralympic sprinter. The sprinter ran on one prosthetic like that of Oscar Pistorius; his other leg was unaffected. William McDermott, Ph.D. / The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, Utah. Listen / Originally published on July 30, 2012 9:04 pm The technology that makes walking possible for amputees is also making running possible at the Olympics. On Saturday in London, South African Oscar Pistorius will run on artificial limbs in the 400-meter sprint. Pistorius is a double amputee who runs world-class times on his carbon-fiber legs. At last month's Prefontaine Track and Field Classic in Eugene, Ore., Pistorius ran in the inside lane of the 400-meter race. He leaned forward on his knees and fingers, and slipped his feet into the starting blocks — well, they're not actually feet. Instead, Pistorius slipped the flat and spiked bottoms of his curved carbon-fiber legs into the blocks. In the other lanes, all the blocks were filled with track shoes, tied tight around flesh, blood and bones. After the starter's pistol went off, a careful listener could hear a unique sound among sprints: the tap, tap, tapping sound of carbon blades hitting the track. As Pistorius raced past, his gait was fluid, like a gazelle. But he looked otherworldly: a man's body from head to knees, fixed atop curved carbon blades. His nickname, in fact, is \"the Blade Runner.\" Pistorius finished last in this race, but he has qualified for the Olympics, and he'll race with the best runners in the world. \"It's not that I don't want to run Paralympic or disabled races, or races for those athletes who are handicapped, or amputees,\" he says. \"But this is just a challenge for me, and any good sportsman that wants to be better has to face up to challenges that aren't always as easy as some of the others.\" There's actually some question about whether Pistorius has it easier, or has some advantage over runners with fully biological legs. Before the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, the international track federation refused to let him run; so he launched a challenge. The Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled he had no advantage, and couldn't be barred from the Olympics if he ran a qualifying time. That ruling was based on the work of prosthetics researchers, including Alena Grabowski at the University of Colorado. \"So we had him come into the lab. We measured his oxygen consumption — or, how much energy it takes him to run,\" Grabowski says. \"We did a series of different speeds and compared him to elite athletes of similar caliber, and found that his metabolic energy is the same as other elite athletes. So, we didn't see any differences there.\" Grabowski and other researchers found there's a big difference between carbon fiber and bone and muscle. They put Pistorius on a treadmill, where he hit his top speed of around 25 miles an hour. \"He was able to swing his legs a little bit faster, so he had a little bit quicker turnover,\" Grabowski says. \"But he wasn't able to exert as much force on the ground during top-speed sprinting. So, we actually perceived that as a disadvantage. If you're not able to push off on the ground as hard as other people, it could be that that device is limiting that ability, and you're not able to sprint as fast.\" Researchers at another lab brought in other runners — each of them had one biological leg and one artificial leg. The biological legs generated 9 percent more force. So at the star",
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trivia_qa_1505533
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Danny DeVito and Arnold Schwarzenegger played what unlikely pair in a 1988 film?",
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"content": "Twins (1988) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A physically perfect but innocent man goes in search of his long-lost twin brother, who is a short small-time crook. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 21 titles created 09 Nov 2013 a list of 35 titles created 20 May 2014 a list of 29 titles created 06 Aug 2014 a list of 34 titles created 17 Aug 2014 a list of 28 titles created 27 Apr 2015 Search for \" Twins \" on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 4 wins. See more awards » Videos A tough cop is given his most difficult assignment ever: to masquerade as a kindergarten teacher in order to find a drug dealer. Director: Ivan Reitman As part of a fertility research project, a male scientist agrees to carry a pregnancy in his own body. Director: Ivan Reitman A tough Russian policeman is forced to partner up with a cocky Chicago police detective when he is sent to Chicago to apprehend a Georgian drug lord who killed his partner and fled the country. Director: Walter Hill With the help of a magic ticket, a young film fan is transported into the fictional world of his favorite action film character. Director: John McTiernan A Witness Protection specialist becomes suspicious of his co-workers when dealing with a case involving high-tech weapons. Director: Chuck Russell A wrongly convicted man must try to survive a public execution gauntlet staged as a game show. Director: Paul Michael Glaser A fearless, globe-trotting, terrorist-battling secret agent has his life turned upside down when he discovers his wife might be having an affair with a used car salesman. Director: James Cameron A retired elite Black Ops Commando launches a one man war against a group of South American criminals who have kidnapped his daughter to blackmail him into starting a revolution and getting an exiled dictator back into power. Director: Mark L. Lester Futuristic action about a man who meets a clone of himself and stumbles into a grand conspiracy about clones taking over the world. Director: Roger Spottiswoode At the end of the century, Satan visits New York in search of a bride. It's up to an ex-cop who now runs an elite security outfit to stop him. Director: Peter Hyams Conan leads a ragtag group of adventurers on a quest for a princess. Director: Richard Fleischer After his family is killed by a terrorist act, a firefighter goes in search of the one responsible. Director: Andrew Davis Edit Storyline Julius and Vincent Benedict are the results of an experiment that would allow for the perfect child. Julius was planned and grows to athletic proportions. Vincent is an accident and is somewhat smaller in stature. Vincent is placed in an orphanage while Julius is taken to a South Seas island and raised by philosophers. Vincent becomes the ultimate lowlife and is about to be killed by loan sharks when Julius discovers that he has a brother and begins looking for him. Written by John Vogel <[email protected]>",
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trivia_qa_1505534
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Deriving from the Greek for 'crescent', what name is given to the convex or concave upper surface of a column of liquid, the curvature of which is caused by surface tension?",
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"content": "Experimental Investigation of Rotating Menisci | SpringerLink , Volume 25, Issue 6 , pp 359–373 Experimental Investigation of Rotating Menisci Authors Reichel, Y. & Dreyer, M.E. Microgravity Sci. Technol. (2014) 25: 359. doi:10.1007/s12217-014-9369-x 52 Downloads Abstract In upper stages of spacecrafts, Propellant Management Devices (PMD’s) can be used to position liquid propellant over the outlet in the absence of gravity. Centrifugal forces due to spin of the upper stage can drive the liquid away from the desired location resulting in malfunction of the stage. In this study, a simplified model consisting of two parallel, segmented and unsegmented disks and a central tube assembled at the center of the upper disk is analyzed experimentally during rotation in microgravity. For each drop tower experiment, the angular speed caused by a centrifugal stage in the drop capsule is kept constant. Steady-states for the menisci between the disks are observed for moderate rotation. For larger angular speeds, a stable shape of the free surfaces fail to sustain and the liquid is driven away. Additionally, tests were performed without rotation to quantify two effects: the removal of a metallic cylinder around the model to establish the liquid column and the determination of the the settling time from terrestrial to microgravity conditions. Keywords RotationMicrogravityFree surfaceMeniscusStabilityDrop towerLiquid column References Behruzi, P., Netter, G.: PMD Design for Upper Stages. In: 4th International Conference on Launcher Technology (Space Launcher Liquid Propulsion). CNES, Liege, Belgium, 1 10 (2002) Behruzi, P., Michaelis, M., Netter, G.: Development of a propellant management device (PMD) for restartable future cryogenic upper stages. AIAA-2006-5053 1, 10 (2006) Google Scholar Berg, C.P.: Tropfendeformation in monoaxialer und ebener Dehnströmung. PhD Thesis, University of Bremen, Vol. 61. Shaker, Germany (2002) Google Scholar Dreyer, M., Gerstmann, J., Rosendahl, U., Stange, M., Woelk, G., Rath, H.J.: Capillary effects under low gravity, part I: surface settling, capillary rise and critical velocities. Space Forum 3 (87), 136 (1998) Google Scholar Hung, R.J., Tsao, Y.D., Hong, B.B., Leslie, F.W.: Time-dependent dynamical behavior of surface tension on rotating fluids under microgravity environment. ASR 8 (205), 213 (1989) Google Scholar Jaekle, D.E.: Propellant management device conceptual design and analysis: vanes. AIAA-91-2172 1, 13 (1991) Google Scholar Jaekle, D.E.: Propellant management device conceptual design and analysis: sponges. AIAA-93-1970 1, 13 (1993) Google Scholar Jaekle, D.E.: Propellant management device conceptual design and analysis: traps and troughs. AIAA-95-2531 1, 13 (1995) Google Scholar Landau, L.D., Lifschitz, E.M.: Lehrbuch der theoretischen Physik, Hydrodynamik. 6, 301 316. Akademie Verlag, Berlin (1991) Google Scholar Langbein, D.: Oscillations of finite liquid columns. MST 2 (73), 84 (1992) Google Scholar Langbein, D.: Capillary Surfaces - Shape - Stability - Dynamics, in Particular Under Weightlessness. 21 40. Springer, Berlin (2002) Google Scholar Martínez, I.: Stability of long liquid columns in spacelab-D1. ESA SP 256 (235), 240 (1987) Google Scholar Meseguer, J., Sanz, A., Lopez, J.: Liquid bridge breakages aboard spacelab-D1. J. Crystal Growth 78 (325), 334 (1986) Google Scholar Meseguer, J., Slobozhanin, L.A., Perales, J.M.: A review on the stability of liquid bridges. ASR 16 (5), 14 (1995) Google Scholar Sanz, A., Perales, J.M., Rivas, D.: Rotational Instability of a Long Liquid Column. In: Final Reports of Sounding Rocket Experiments, in Fluid Science and Materials Sciences, ESA SP-1132, 2, 8 21 (1992) Seebold, J.G.: Configuration and Stability of a Rotating Axisymmetric Meniscus at Low g. Master’s Thesis. Stanford University, California (1965) Google Scholar Weislogel, M.M., Ross, H.D.: Surface reorientation and settling in cylinders upon step reduction in gravity. MST 3 (24), 32 (1990) Google Scholar Winch, D.M.: An Investigation of the Liquid Level at the Wall of a Spinning T",
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trivia_qa_1505535
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Scottish author created the character Richard Hannay?",
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"content": "John Buchan Book List - FictionDB General Fiction Dec-2015 John Buchan was a Scottish author and Unionist politician who served as Governor General of Canada. He wrote a series of books that follow the adventures of Richard Hannay, an expatriate Scot who was first introduced in the classic novel The Thirty-N... General Fiction Nov-2015 A moody kind of horror story. On a Scottish deer hunt, with night falling, one friend tells another of a brilliant mathematician he knew. The man's work led him to believe other worlds existed amidst ours. He gradually came to see, and live in these ... Action Adventure Oct-2015 The Spy Trilogy includes three spy thrillers. The first one is The Thirty-Nine Steps and followed by Greenmantle, and Mr. Standfast. The Thirty-Nine Steps: Hannay, an expatriated Scot, returns from a long stay in South Africa to his flat in London. O... Horror Sep-2015 The Grove of Ashtaroth by John Buchan Notice: This Book is published by Historical Books Limited (www.publicdomain.org.uk) as a Public Domain Book, if you have any inquiries, requests or need any help you can just send an email to publications@public... Suspense Jul-2015 John Buchan was a Scottish author and Unionist politician who served as Governor General of Canada. He wrote a series of books that follow the adventures of Richard Hannay, an expatriate Scot who was first introduced in the classic novel The Thirty-N... Suspense Jun-2015 This collection of the Complete Richard Hannay Series has all of the following works: 1st Book: The Thirty-Nine Steps 2nd Book: Greenmantle 3rd Book: Mr. Standfast 4th Book: The Three Hostages 5th Book: The Island of Sheep... General Fiction Mar-2015 I sat and thought for a bit, for the name 'Bullivant' carried me back eighteen months to the hot summer before the war. I had not seen the man since, though I had read about him in the papers. For more than a year I had been a busy battalion officer,... General Fiction Mar-2015 'Do you wonder?' he cried. 'For three hundred years they have been persecuted, and this is the return match for the pogroms. The Jew is everywhere, but you have to go far down the backstairs to find him. Take any big Teutonic business concern. If you... Action Adventure Nov-2014 When an international anarchist organization called The Power-House threatens to destroy Western civilization, lawyer and MP Edward Leithen must race against time and his friend Charles Pitt-Lumley, a new Power-House recruit, to restore stability to ... General Fiction Aug-2014 Mr Standfast is the third of five Richard Hannay novels by John Buchan, first published in 1919 by Hodder & Stoughton, London. It is one of two Hannay novels set during the First World War, the other being Greenmantle (1916); Hannay's first and best-... Action Adventure Aug-2014 Nineteen-year-old David Crawfurd travels from Scotland to South Africa to work as a storekeeper. On the voyage he encounters again John Laputa, the celebrated Zulu minister, of whom he has strange memories. In his remote store David finds himself wit... General Fiction Jun-2014 John Buchan was born on August 26th 1875. After a brief career in the legal profession he began a twin career as writer and politician. He was a prodigious writer not just of fiction but of such acclaimed works as a 24 volume history of World War I. ... General Fiction Apr-2014 No-man's-land by John Buchan Notice: This Book is published by Historical Books Limited (www.publicdomain.org.uk) as a Public Domain Book, if you have any inquiries, requests or need any help you can just send an email to [email protected]... Thriller Mar-2014 South America is the setting for this adventure from the author of The Thirty-nine Steps . When Archie and Janet Roylance decide to travel to the Gran Seco to see its copper mines they find themselves caught up in dreadful danger; rebels have seized ... Thriller Mar-2014 A collection of stirring tales of derring-do, spot of code-breaking, night time escapes and a special guest apearance from Mr. Richard Hannay, scourge of the Empire's enemies.Mixed collection o",
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trivia_qa_1505536
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; in the BBC Children’s TV programme The Woodentops, what was the name of the cow who lived on their farm?",
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"content": "Watch with Mother Watch with Mother Click the picture for video When BBC TV began transmitting again, following the Second World War, they introduced a children's segment titled 'For The Children' in which the puppet Muffin The Mule originally appeared. However, 1950 was the year that children's television really came of age. It saw the birth of Watch With Mother, the brainchild of legendary Freda Lingstrom , who became Head of Children's Television at the BBC. It was the first coherently planned combination of education and entertainment specifically for very small children, each day with its own flavour. Together with Mary Adams, then the Corporations Head of Television Talks, Miss Lingstrom created..... Andy Pandy Tuesdays at 3.45pm. Andy Pandy was first seen on July 11 1950. He was a chubby faced toddler who lived in a picnic basket. He first appeared solo and then was joined by his inseparable pal Teddy and later a rag doll called Looby Loo. Maria Bird brought Andy out to play, opera singer Gladys Whitred sang the songs and Audrey Atterbury (mother of Paul Atterbury of Antiques Roadshow fame, on whom it is rumoured Andy was modelled!) and Molly Gibson pulled the strings. Only 26 original episodes were made, they were seen time and time again, and in 1970, 13 new episodes were made in colour. Bill and Ben, the Flowerpot Men In 1952 The Flowerpot Men were added to Watch With Mother on Wednesdays. The identical puppets, Bill and Ben were made out of flowerpots, their hands made out of large gardening gloves, and feet of hobnailed boots. With their 'flibadobs' and 'flobadobs' as their way of communicating, they lived in two giant flowerpots at the bottom of the garden, behind the potting shed. They would secretly pop their head over the parapet that was the flowerpot when the gardener went home for a bit of lunch.The merest hint of the approach of 'The Gardener' was enough to send them scurrying back to their pots. Keeping counsel was their neighbour Little Weed, who alerted them to any danger and a tortoise friend called Slowcoach made frequent visits. The burning issue of the day was always \"Was it Bill or was it Ben?\". The storyline of Bill and Ben was more or less the same in every episode: The gardener goes off for his dinner; Bill and Ben appear from their flowerpots; Little Weed says \"Weeeeeeed\"; a minor mishap occurs; someone is guilty. \"Which of those two flowerpot men, was it Bill or was it Ben?\" the narrator trills, in a quavering soprano; the villain confesses; the gardener's footsteps are heard coming up the garden path; the flowerpot men vanish into their pots and the closing credits roll: ....but the man who worked in the garden didn't know anything had happened at all. Nobody knew about the Flowerpot Men. Only you saw them playing...and the Little Weed...and I think the little house knew something about it. Dont You? The Flowerpot Men's language, officially called Oddle Poddle, was notable for being almost completely incomprehensible: \"Waddle oo tikoo dop? Gloob a waddle a hop\" for example, translates as \"What do you think of that? Gloves as well as a hat.\" Peter Hawkins was the versatile voice of both Bill and Ben. The show was much criticised at the time for promoting immaturity, but it achieved the status of a classic. Click on the picture above for Real Movie Filming originally took place in a tin shed in the Lime Grove studio complex, later moving to a purpose built puppet studio in TV Centre. The original puppets are kept at the Museum of London . In 2000, after more than 30 years in mothballs, The Flowerpot Men were revived by the BBC as a new 13-part series. In the new version, instead of the all-too-obvious strings and wobbly wooden frames, the new Bill and Ben had malleable metal skeletons beneath brightly-coloured rubber faces and resin bodies; and Little Weed had",
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trivia_qa_1505537
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The estate of which American writer and poet who died of a heart attack in 1967 was bequeathed to the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Foundation?",
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"content": "Summary/Reviews: The Coast of Illyria : Staff View Review by Library Journal Review Parker's 1949 play never made it to Broadway. This excellent edition, with a thorough and graceful preface, is its first publication. The play is about a favorite subject from the 1940s, the story of Charles and Mary Lamb, which is one of insanity, alcoholism, murder, and loyalty. Using Evans's research, Parker created a play incorporating much actual material from the Lambs and their circle (Coleridge, Hazlitt, DeQuincy). The resulting work is powerful and literate. It is not, however, a masterpiece. It is too long; the performing version was one-third shorter. Its dramaturgy is based on Ibsen, which makes it outdated for its time. But Parker, using her own life's struggles, infuses the play with feeling.-- Thomas E. Luddy, Salem State Coll., Mass. (c) Copyright 2010. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted. (c) Copyright Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted. AUTHOR NOTES Poet and short story writer Dorothy Parker was born in New Jersey on August 22, 1893. When she was 5, her mother died and her father, a clothes salesman, remarried. Parker had a great antipathy toward her stepmother and refused to speak to her. She attended parochial school and Miss Dana's school in Morristown, New Jersey, for a brief time before dropping out at age 14. A voracious reader, she decided to pursue a career in literature. She began her career by writing verse as well as captions for a fashion magazine. During the years of her greatest fame, Dorothy Parker was known primarily as a writer of light verse, an essential member of the Algonquin Round Table, and a caustic and witty critic of literature and society. She is remembered now as an almost legendary figure of the 1920s and 1930s. Her reviews and staff contributions to three of the most sophisticated magazines of this century, Vanity Fair, the New Yorker, and Esquire, were notable for their put-downs. For all her highbrow wit, however, Dorothy Parker was liberal, even radical, in her political views, and the hard veneer of brittle toughness that she showed to the world was often a shield for frustrated idealism and soft sensibilities. The best of her fiction is marked by a balance of ironic detachment and sympathetic compassion, as in \"Big Blonde,\" which won the O. Henry Award for 1929 and is still her best-remembered and most frequently anthologized story. The best of Dorothy Parker is readily and compactly accessible in The Portable Dorothy Parker. Her own selection of stories and verse for the original edition of that compilation, published in 1944, remains intact in the revised edition, but included also are additional stories, reviews, and articles. Parker died of a heart attack at the age of 73 in 1967. In her will, she bequeathed her estate to the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. foundation. Following King's death, her estate was passed on to the NAACP. (Bowker Author Biography) Similar Items",
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trivia_qa_1505538
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; A mutated MC1R gene causes what physical trait?",
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"content": "MC1R gene - Genetics Home Reference MC1R gene Normal Function The MC1R gene provides instructions for making a protein called the melanocortin 1 receptor. This receptor plays an important role in normal pigmentation. The receptor is primarily located on the surface of melanocytes, which are specialized cells that produce a pigment called melanin. Melanin is the substance that gives skin, hair, and eyes their color. Melanin is also found in the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (the retina), where it plays a role in normal vision. Melanocytes make two forms of melanin, eumelanin and pheomelanin. The relative amounts of these two pigments help determine the color of a person's hair and skin. People who produce mostly eumelanin tend to have brown or black hair and dark skin that tans easily. Eumelanin also protects skin from damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight. People who produce mostly pheomelanin tend to have red or blond hair, freckles, and light-colored skin that tans poorly. Because pheomelanin does not protect skin from UV radiation, people with more pheomelanin have an increased risk of skin damage caused by sun exposure. The melanocortin 1 receptor controls which type of melanin is produced by melanocytes. When the receptor is activated, it triggers a series of chemical reactions inside melanocytes that stimulate these cells to make eumelanin. If the receptor is not activated or is blocked, melanocytes make pheomelanin instead of eumelanin. Common variations (polymorphisms) in the MC1R gene are associated with normal differences in skin and hair color. Certain genetic variations are most common in people with red hair, fair skin, freckles, and an increased sensitivity to sun exposure. These MC1R polymorphisms reduce the ability of the melanocortin 1 receptor to stimulate eumelanin production, causing melanocytes to make mostly pheomelanin. Although MC1R is a key gene in normal human pigmentation, researchers believe that the effects of other genes also contribute to a person's hair and skin coloring. The melanocortin 1 receptor is also active in cells other than melanocytes, including cells involved in the body's immune and inflammatory responses. The receptor's function in these cells is unknown. Related Information",
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trivia_qa_1505539
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Egyptian Pharoah was known as ‘The Boy King’?",
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"content": "King Tutankhamun - The Boy King King Tutankhamun \"The Boy King\" Tutankhamun, Tutankhaten (his original name which means 'Living image of Aton'), the boy King of Egypt (reigned 1333 � 23 BC) or King Tut (as known to most of the western people) is by far the most famous Egyptian Pharaoh today he was was born around 1342 BC. Tutankhamun was eight or nine years old when he became pharaoh and reigned for approximately ten years. Since his death in his late teens the boy King remained unknown at rest in Egypt�s Valley of the Kings for more than 3,300 years because his tomb was concealed beneath the mud brick houses of the workmen who cut the tomb of Ramesses VI. Suddenly every thing was changed in November 1922, when Howard Carter discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun. The tomb most likely was not carved for a king (rather for a high official), but due to the fact that King Tut died so young, the tomb was subjected to rush modifications",
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trivia_qa_1505540
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In what country did the Solidarity movement happen?",
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"content": "Solidarity Gdansk Poland 57 The Story of the Solidarity Movement Established in September of 1980 at the Gdansk shipyards , Solidarity was an independent labour union instrumental in the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union, and the primary catalyst that would transform Poland from a repressive communist satellite to the EU member democracy it is today. The Solidarity movement received international attention, spreading anti-communist ideas and inspiring political action throughout the rest of the Communist Bloc, and its influence in the eventual fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe cannot be understated or dismissed. Solidarity's cohesion and initial success, like that of other dissident movements, was not created overnight, nor the result of any specific event or grievance. Rather, the emergence of Solidarity as a political force in Poland was spurred by governmental and economic difficulties that had continued to deepen over the course of an entire decade. Poland's 'shortage economy' put stress on the lives of everyday people who were unable to purchase daily necessities, such as bread or toilet paper, and faced endless queues for which there was rarely a reward. In July of 1980, the Polish government - facing economic crisis - was again forced to raise the price of goods while curbing the growth of wages. This was essentially the \"last straw\" for much of Poland's labour force, with strikes spreading almost at once across the country, in spite of the absence of any organized network. In Gdansk, at the then 'Lenin Shipyards', the shipyard workers were unified by the additional outrage of Anna Walentynowicz's firing. The dismissal of Walentynowicz - a popular crane-operator and activist, combined with the previous firing of Lech Walesa - an outspoken electrician, galvanised the workers into taking action. A strike began on August 14th, led by Walesa, who gave voice to the workers' demands for the legalisation of independent labour unions, the raising of a monument to the 80 workers brutally murdered in a 1970 labour dispute in Gdansk, and the rehiring of both Walesa and Walentynowicz. Despite nation-wide censorship and the severance of all phone connections between Gdansk and the rest of the country, several underground presses succeeded in covering the story and spreading the shipyard workers' message throughout Poland and the Eastern Bloc. On August 16th, several other strike committees joined the Gdansk shipyard workers and the following day 21 demands of the unified strike committee were put forward. These demands went far beyond the scope of local concern, calling for the legal formation of independent trade unions, an end to media censorship, the right to strike, new rights for the Church, the freeing of political prisoners, and improvements in the national health system. The movement's news-sheet, Solidarnosc, began being printed on the shipyard printing press at a run of 30,000 copies. On August 18th, the Szczecin shipyard joined the Gdansk shipyard in protest, igniting a wave of strikes along the Polish coast. Within days, most of Poland was affected by factory shutdowns, with more and more unions forming and joining the Gdansk-based federation on a daily basis. With the situation in Gdansk gaining international support and media coverage, the Gdansk shipyard workers were able to hold out longer than many of their compatriots. Poland's Soviet government capitulated, sending a Governmental Commission to Gdansk, which on September 3rd signed an agreement ratifying many of the workers' demands. This agreement, known as the Gdansk Agreement, became recognised as the first step in dismantling Soviet power. Achieving the right to form labour unions independent of Communist Party control, and the right to strike, workers' concerns would now receive representation; common people were now able to introduce democratic changes into the communist political structure. With an upsurge of momentum in the wake of their success, workers' representatives - with Walesa on the pulpit - formed a national labour union on",
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trivia_qa_1505541
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What Latin phrase, which translates as \"in good faith\", is taken to mean sincere, honest intention or belief, or authentic and true?",
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"content": "Thinksquad • Latin Terms Latin Terms If you don’t know these Latin terms, get to learning them ASAP, as they are commonly used in speaking and writing and may be hard to avoid. Per se: The direct translation of this term is “by itself” and it means just that when used in English as well. You could use it to say that you don’t find chemistry boring per se (by itself, intrinsically), but this professor’s voice puts you to sleep. Vice versa: From the Latin meaning “to change” or “turn around,” this term means to reverse the order of something. This quote from Samuel Butler provides an example, “In the midst of vice we are in virtue, and vice versa.” Alma mater: If you don’t know this term already, you’ll become quite familiar with it once you graduate from college. The literal translation is “dear/bountiful mother” but you’ll find it used in everyday language to denote the college or university from which one has graduated. Magnum opus: Whether it’s in writing, painting, sculpture or music, this Latin term denotes the greatest work done by an artist– a true masterpiece. Bona fide: While it’s literal translation means “good faith” this term has a few different shades of meaning in modern language. In legal terms, it is used to represent something that is presented without deception or fraud, or literally in good faith, honest, sincere and lawful. It is more commonly used to mean something that’s the real deal or truly authentic. Quasi: In Latin, this word means as if or as though and in English it is used as both an adjective in its own right and as a part of a compound word. It simply designates something that resembles something else but doesn’t quite have all the same features. Alter ego: Cicero coined this term, most likely taken from the Greek, to mean “a second self” or “another I” and its modern meaning hasn’t changed much today. Many people have an alter ego, or another, perhaps hidden aspect of themselves. One example from popular culture is Beyonce’s alter ego, Sasha Fierce. Verbatim: If you repeat something verbatim you repeat it in exactly the same words, word for word with no changes and no improvisation. Status quo: From the Latin meaning “the state in which” this term is used today to designate the existing state or condition of things. For example, if you’re making money off of a high pollution industry it is to your interests to maintain the status quo when it comes to environmental law. Writing Knowing just what these terms and words mean can be a big help in improving your reading comprehension. Sic: Found in writing, this Latin word most commonly finds a home in brackets (like this: [sic]) when quoting a statement or writing. It indicates that there is a spelling or grammar error (or just something out of the ordinary) in the original quotation and that the publication has only reproduced it faithfully, not made an error of their own. Id est: You’ve likely seen this term in writing before, even if you weren’t aware as it is commonly abbreviated to i.e. In Latin, it means “that is” and is used in English when the speaker or writer wants to give an example or explanation that specifies a statement. Deus ex machina: In direct translation, this term means, “God out of a machine” and it harkens back ancient Greek and Roman plays. When the plot would become too tangled or confusing, the writers would simply bring in God, lowered in via a pulley system (the machine) and he would wrap it all up. Today, it’s still used in literature to describe a plot where an artificial or improbable means of resolving a conflict is used. Exempli gratia: You’ll often see this term abbreviated to e.g. in writing. It means “for the sake of example” and when it see it in a sentence you can expect that is will be followed by some examples. Et cetera: Few out there aren’t familiar with this term but may not know it as well when it’s spelled out like this and not abbreviated as etc. Meaning “and the others” it is used to denote that a list of things could continue ad infinitum (see below for definition) and that for the sake of brevity",
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trivia_qa_1505542
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What did McDonald's call their low fat burger",
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"content": "Living | Mcdonald's Skinny Burger Is A Hard Sell | Seattle Times Newspaper Mcdonald's Skinny Burger Is A Hard Sell Wall Street Journal Sorry, McLean Deluxe. Mega Mac is here. The reduced-fat McLean, hailed by McDonald's Corp. as the \"healthy\" hamburger to revolutionize eating on the run, has bombed. Wags call it the McFlopper. But as Bill Clinton rolled into Washington, so did a sandwich better suited to his fill-me-up appetite: the Mega Mac. It's the biggest, fattest burger ever to come off a McDonald's grill - a half-pound monument of ground beef slathered with pickled sauce, sprinkled with lettuce and onions and stuffed into the same three-piece bun that holds its puny patriarch, the Big Mac. Today's fast-food menus increasingly read like the revenge of the couch potatoes. Burger King features hefty slabs of meatloaf and fried pork. Hardee's piles meat on thick sourdough bread. Pizza Hut delivers double pizzas, complete with cookies, for dinner. KFC, which once fiddled with skinless chicken, now pushes extra crispy, while Wendy's founder Dave Thomas pitches burgers with bacon and cheese. Many people seem to be putting good taste before good nutrition again, and that means f-a-t. Supermarket freezer cases feature large-portion dinners, and \"hearty\" has replaced \"healthy\" as the hot word on new foods. Bacon sales rose 4 percent last year. Meanwhile, the flurry of fake fats designed to slim down the national waistline has quietly faded. \"Consumers have had their fill of healthier fare,\" says Barry Gibbons, chairman and chief executive officer of Burger King Corp., a unit of Grand Metropolitan PLC. \"They're saying, `Thanks for the choice, thanks for the (nutrition) info. Whopper and fries, please.\"' What better image of the change than a beefy president stoking up at McDonald's? Basking in that unsolicited endorsement, the company is pressing ahead with several extra-big burgers. The Mickey D, containing one-third pound of ground beef, is being tested in some restaurants as a dinnertime item. The even bigger Mega Mac being featured in some Washington, D.C.-area outlets is a promotional item, but could go nationwide if justified by sales. Chicago-area McDonald's are featuring triple cheeseburgers. Patrons \"seem more interested than ever in our substantial hamburgers,\" a spokesman says. And what of McLean Deluxe, the sandwich of the future? Though it was rolled out with full-page ads and TV commercials, the McLean gets no publicity now. McDonald's won't disclose figures, but some franchisees want to get the sandwich removed from the menu and industry analysts believe it accounts for less than 2 percent of sales. A McDonald's spokesman says the company might decide to make the sandwich an optional item - each restaurant could decide whether to offer it - but adds that \"the jury is still out.\" How things change in just a few years. When McDonald's introduced the McLean Deluxe in 1991, it was national news. \"A healthy breakthrough for the American public,\" cheered a New York Times editorial. The National Basketball Association made the McLean its official sandwich. Expectations ran so high that the beef industry commissioned a study to determine whether it could meet demand for the slimmer meat. (It could.) Hundreds of supermarkets began stocking extra-lean ground beef. In the Philippines, where the McLean's seaweed-based additive is big business, there were predictions it would spur the economy. The McLean seemed perfectly suited for fast-food's future. Critics had accused McDonald's and other chains of contributing to heart disease and other ailments, particularly among children. A retired Nebraska businessman named Phil Sokolof, who had suffered a near-fatal heart attack, crusaded against what he called \"the poisoning of America.\" In newspaper ads, Sokolof, now 70, berated corporate food titans for their products' high cholesterol and fat, and in 1990 he blasted McDonald's specifically with a headline that read: \"Your Hamburgers Have Too Much Fat!\" \"Irresponsible,\" was the immediate response of McDonald's U.S. President Edw",
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trivia_qa_1505543
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"In which magazine was Dickens' \"\"Oliver Twist\"\" first serialised?\"",
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"content": "Criminality in Dickens’ Oliver Twist (1838) – Here Begynneth A Lytell Geste of Robin Hood… Stephen Basdeo 4 Comments Fagin and his Gang – Illustration by George Cruikshank (1838) The master of the Victorian social novel was undoubtedly Charles Dickens. His novel, Oliver Twist was published in serial instalments in Bentley’s Miscellany between 1837 and 1838 and was perceived by contemporaries to be a Newgate novel [1]. The reason that it was perceived so is because critics felt that it glorified members of the criminal underworld. Dickens’ novel was published alongside William Harrison Ainsworth’s second Newgate novel, Jack Sheppard , in the same magazine; Dickens was Ainsworth’s friend, and the two men even considered collaborating on a novel [2]. Dickens’ tale of an orphan who falls into the clutches of the criminal underworld was set in nineteenth-century London, and the novel attacked the recently passed Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 which had expanded the workhouse system. Dickens was ‘one of the people to light a fuse of criticism that was to blow the calculated neglect and casual cruelty of the workhouse system away’ [3]. Dickens’ critique of the workhouse system is less important here than his representations of nineteenth-century criminal underworld figures, and it is Fagin and Bill Sikes that I wish to discuss here. Dickens draws upon gothic literary conventions by representing in his novel two binary camps of good and evil. The ‘good’ camps in the novel are those of Mr. Brownlow and the Maylies. The ‘bad’ camps are those of Bill Sykes and Fagin [4]. The two camps vie with each other throughout the novel to claim the innocence of young Oliver. The first time this is apparent is when Oliver comes into contact with Fagin, a receiver of stolen goods, who runs a criminal gang of young pickpockets. The types of gangs run by Fagin were common in nineteenth-century London. Often they were to be found in some of the common lodging houses, where ‘keepers maintained gangs of professional child thieves and even ran schools for pickpockets’ [5]. Fagin attempts to teach Oliver how to be a thief through a series of childish games: “Is my handkerchief hanging out of my pocket?” said the Jew. “Yes, Sir,” said Oliver. “See if you can take it out, without my feeling it: as you saw them do, when we were at play this morning” [6]. Fagin’s attempts to convert Oliver into a criminal fail and this perplexes him as he has managed to corrupt other young boys prior to meeting Oliver. Oliver is ‘not easy to train…not like other boys in the same circumstance’ [7]. The reason for this is that young Oliver is actually middle class by birth and represented as inherently innocent, and theft is the ‘single specific crime that menaces Oliver’s innocence’ [8]. The reason Fagin’s other boys had been corrupted was because they were members of the ‘criminal class,’ a notion which gained currency between the 1820s and 1830s [9]. According to this idea, there was a dangerous criminal class lurking beneath the working class in the poorest districts of cities [10]. In contrast to Ainsworth’s gentlemanly Dick Turpin in Rookwood, the villains of Dickens’ work were hideous creatures who lived in dirty hovels in the rookery of Saffron Hill, Holborn. Dickens described Fagin and his lair in the following way: ‘the walls of the ceiling of the room were perfectly black with age and dirt…standing over them, with a toasting fork in his hand, was a very old shrivelled Jew, whose villainous looking and repulsive face was obscured by a quantity of matted red hair’ [11]. For ‘Fagin’ readers would have inferred ‘Satan’; the hook-nose and the toasting fork drawing upon older Christian images of the devil [12]. In contrast to Ainsworth’s Dick Turpin, in Dickens’ work there was ‘no canterings on moonlit heaths, no merry-makings in the snuggest of all possible caverns…none of the dash and freedom with which [highwaymen have] been time out of mind invested’ [13]. Thus the highwayman of old was a product of the pre-industrial, rural England, whilst Fagin was essentially a",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; A village in North Wales is named for the grave of a legendary dog. What is it's name?",
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"content": "The Legend of Gelert the Dog By Ben Johnson | Comments One of the best known, and loved, folk-tales in Wales is the story of a faithful hound. The story goes that in the thirteenth-century, Prince Llywelyn the Great had a palace at Beddgelert in Caernarvonshire, and as the Prince was a keen hunter, he spent much of his time in the surrounding countryside. He had many hunting dogs, but one day when he summoned them as usual with his horn, his favourite dog Gelert didn't appear, so regretfully Llywelyn had to go hunting without him. When Llywelyn returned from the hunt, he was greeted by Gelert who came bounding towards him …his jaws dripping with blood. The Prince was appalled, and a horrible thought came into his mind …was the blood on the dog's muzzle that of his one-year old son? His worst fears were realised when he saw in the child's nursery, an upturned cradle, and walls spattered with blood! He searched for the child but there was no sign of him. Llywelyn was convinced that his favourite hound had killed his son. Mad with grief he took his sword and plunged it into Gelert's heart. As the dog howled in his death agony, Llywelyn heard a child's cry coming from underneath the upturned cradle. It was his son, unharmed! Beside the child was an enormous wolf, dead, killed by the brave Gelert. Courtesy of Elle Wilson Llywelyn was struck with remorse and carried the body of his faithful dog outside the castle walls, and buried him where everyone could see the grave of this brave animal, and hear the story of his valiant fight with the wolf. To this day, a cairn of stones marks the place, and the name Beddgelert means in Welsh 'The grave of Gelert'. Every year thousands of people visit the grave of this brave dog; slight problem however, is that the cairn of stones is actually less than 200 years old! Nevertheless this story has great appeal. History and myth appear to have become a little confused when in 1793, a man called David Pritchard came to live in Beddgelert. He was the landlord of the Royal Goat Inn and knew the story of the brave dog and adapted it to fit the village, and so benefit his trade at the inn. He apparently invented the name Gelert, and introduced the name Llywelyn into the story because of the Prince's connection with the nearby Abbey, and it was with the help of the parish clerk that Pritchard, not Llywelyn, raised the cairn! Whether the story is based on legend, myth or history it is still an entertaining one. Similar legends can also be found throughout Europe.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which musical featured the song Flash Bang, Wallop?",
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"content": "Tommy Steele – Flash, Bang, Wallop Lyrics | Genius Lyrics The same thing happened long ago When man was in his prime And what went on we only know From the snaps he took at the time When Adam and Eve in their birthday suit Decided to get wed As Adam was about to taste the fruit The man with the camera said CHORUS You've read it in a folio Or seen it in a Shakespeare play How Juliet fell for Romeo In the merry month of May And as he climbed the orchard wall To reach his lady fair As he tumbled she began to bawl As he floated through the air CHORUS King Henry the Eighth had several wives Including Anne Boleyn And he kept an album of their lives With all their photos in As Anne Boleyn was on her knees Dressed in her very best frock King Henry shouted, \"Smile dear, please\" As her head rolled off the block CHORUS There was just the same to do He galloped home from the battle scene All the way from Waterloo And as he came from off his horse To the boudoir where she sat She said to him, in French of course As he took of his big cocked hat CHORUS Stick it in your family Stick it in your family In your family album From the musical Half A Sixpence, based on the HG Wells novel, Kipps Hidden This page is accessible to Verified artists on the song Locked This song has been locked and is considered \"done.\" You need 600 IQ to add annotations to locked songs. \"Flash, Bang, Wallop\" Track Info",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On which scale is the intensity of an earthquake measured?",
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"content": "Magnitude / Intensity Comparison Jump to Navigation Magnitude / Intensity Comparison Magnitude and Intensity measure different characteristics of earthquakes. Magnitude measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake. Magnitude is determined from measurements on seismographs. Intensity measures the strength of shaking produced by the earthquake at a certain location. Intensity is determined from effects on people, human structures, and the natural environment. Magnitude / Intensity Comparison The following table gives intensities that are typically observed at locations near the epicenter of earthquakes of different magnitudes. Magnitude Abbreviated Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale I. Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable conditions. II. Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on upper floors of buildings. III. Felt quite noticeably by persons indoors, especially on upper floors of buildings. Many people do not recognize it as an earthquake. Standing motor cars may rock slightly. Vibrations similar to the passing of a truck. Duration estimated. IV. Felt indoors by many, outdoors by few during the day. At night, some awakened. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make cracking sound. Sensation like heavy truck striking building. Standing motor cars rocked noticeably. V. Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Some dishes, windows broken. Unstable objects overturned. Pendulum clocks may stop. VI. Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight. VII. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken. VIII. Damage slight in specially designed structures; considerable damage in ordinary substantial buildings with partial collapse. Damage great in poorly built structures. Fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls. Heavy furniture overturned. IX. Damage considerable in specially designed structures; well-designed frame structures thrown out of plumb. Damage great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse. Buildings shifted off foundations. X. Some well-built wooden structures destroyed; most masonry and frame structures destroyed with foundations. Rails bent. XI. Few, if any (masonry) structures remain standing. Bridges destroyed. Rails bent greatly. XII. Damage total. Lines of sight and level are distorted. Objects thrown into the air. From The Severity of an Earthquake.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; If a creature is edentulous what has it not got?",
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"content": "Edentulous synonyms, edentulous antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com Edentulous synonyms, edentulous antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com http://www.freethesaurus.com/edentulous Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Write what you mean clearly and correctly. References in periodicals archive ? A long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws, Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 5(4): 347-359. Vibrotactile evaluation: osseointegrated versus socket-suspended transfemoral prostheses Then, the assistant takes a bite registration by placing VPS on the abutment teeth and the edentulous ridge segments between them and having the patient occlude using the one unprepared tooth. Polyvinyl siloxanes in dentistry: an overview Studies of patients under the age of 18 years, a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia at the start of the study, extubated patients, edentulous patients and patients with a known allergy and hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine were excluded. Occlusion traumatic and Iatrogenic factors Other subject covered include decision making following extraction of multi-rooted maxillary teeth, decision making in the treatment of furcated mandibular molars, alveolar bone preservation following tooth extraction in the esthetic zone, immediate implant placement in single tooth sites, and rehabilitation of the edentulous maxillary jaw using dental implant therapy. Implant and regenerative therapy in dentistry; a guide to decision making There are also no paediatric data on the effects of oral hygiene on VAP, but it seems advisable to follow the recommendations of wiping gums with gauze in the absence of dentition, (49) as some commensals are able to adhere to epithelial surfaces in edentulous infants.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Count Duckula was a spinoff from which other children’s animated series?",
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"content": "Count Duckula - YouTube Count Duckula The next video is starting stop 6,284 views 10 months ago Count Duckula Theme Tune | Sing-A-Long In the heart of Transylvan-ia, In the Vampire Hall of Fame-yeah, There's not a vampire zanier than... DUCKULA! He won't bite beast or man, 'Cos he's a vegetari-an. (Aagh!) And things never run to plan for... DUCKULA! If you're looking for some fun, You can always count upon, The wild and wacky one they call, DUCKULA! Count Duckula is a British children's animated comedy-drama horror television series created by British studio Cosgrove Hall as a spin-off from Danger Mouse, a series in which the Count Duckula character was a recurring villain! Watch more on the official Count Duckula YouTube Channel; http://bit.ly/CountDuckula Show less",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Hezbollah is a political/terrorist organization in which country?",
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"content": "Hezbollah: Political Party or Terrorist Organization? Political Party or Terrorist Organization? Hezbollah: Political Party or Terrorist Organization? Published , in Ideology Hezbollah was born during the First Lebanon War in 1982. It arose out of an anti-Israel Shia Muslim rebel movement, and was funded by Iran and trained by Iran’s Quds Force. Hezbollah has been based in Southern Lebanon since its creation and is now led by Hassan Nasrallah. Under Nasrallah’s leadership, Hezbollah quickly began conducting guerrilla attacks, suicide bombings, kidnappings and assassinations. In 1992, Hezbollah entered the Lebanese political arena in an effort to both take control of Lebanon and to make the world believe that it was a legitimate political movement and not a terrorist organization . Our struggle will end only when this entity [Israel] is obliterated. ( Hezbollah open letter , february 1985) Today, Hezbollah’s primary aim is to destroy Israel. Hezbollah has been openly anti-Israel and anti-Semitic since its inception. Its leader, Hassan Nasrallah , has repeatedly proved this in various statements : I’m against any reconciliation with Israel. I don’t recognize the presence of a state that is called Israel. (February 2000) If they (Jews) all gather in Israel, it will save us the trouble of going after them worldwide. (October 2002) Al Manar TV, Hezbollah’s channel Al-Manar TV, the official television channel of Hezbollah, has broadcast numerous anti-Israel and anti-Semitic programs, claiming, for example, that Israel spread H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS , and other diseases, throughout the Arab world. A second television report called for war against Jews and the destruction of Israel. This channel was banned by the highest administrative court in France for inciting racial hatred. The channel is also banned in the US, Spain and Germany. Hezbollah strictly follows a radical version of Islamic Shia ideology, developed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the first Supreme Leader of Iran. In Hezbollah’s ‘open letter’, which was published on February 16, 1985, and which marked the official launch of the movement, they write: “We obey the orders of one leader, wise and just … Ruhollah Musawi Khomeini. God save him!” What is the Khomeini Shia ideology? In Khomeini’s book , Islamic government must be imposed upon Muslim countries in order to preserve the ‘Islamic order’ and to keep all individuals on the ‘just path of Islam’. Such an Islamic government must therefore impose Sharia Law on the entire population. Khomeini explains: “There is not a single topic in human life for which Islam has not provided instruction.” In Khomeini’s view, all Islamic governments will follow the “victorious and triumphant” armies of Muslims who will set “out from the mosque to go into battle and fear only God.” Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini This is the ideology Hezbollah has embraced and propagated since its founding . Their stated objectives, as explained in their founding charter, are the destruction of Israel, the elimination of Western influence in the Middle East and the establishment of a Shia theocracy in Lebanon. Anomalies Hezbollah is part of the Lebanese political system, but does not act like any other political party in the world. Undeniably, the movement provides social and educational services to the Shiah community of Lebanon. But as core members of the Lebanese government, should they not provide this to all Lebanese citizens? Hezbollah’s hospitals are free, but only for its members. Imagine if the Republican Party in the US or the Conservatives in Britain built hospitals that only members of their parties could use. As explained by Lebanese writer Dr. Amal Saad-Ghorayeb, these efforts may strengthen the social contract between Hezbollah and its followers, though “it would be a mistake, however, to think this is the main reason why Hezbollah’s followers are attracted to [the movement].” The organization’s message of resistance against Israel is what resonates the most among Hezbollah’s supporters. The Lebanese parliament How does Hezbo",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In 1993, Michael Jackson give his first TV interview in 14 years with which talk show presenter?",
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"content": "From The 'Oprah Show' Archives: Michael Jackson Shares His Life Purpose In 1993 (VIDEO) | The Huffington Post From The 'Oprah Show' Archives: Michael Jackson Shares His Life Purpose In 1993 (VIDEO) 06/25/2014 10:49 am ET | Updated Jun 25, 2014 220 OWN Wednesday marks the fifth anniversary of Michael Jackson's tragic sudden death in his home at age 50. As Jackson family members and fans around the world pay tribute the late pop star, his legacy lives on through his children , music and rare candid interviews about his complicated life, like the one he gave Oprah in 1993. Back then, Jackson had invited Oprah to his California home, Neverland Ranch, for his first interview in more than 14 years. During the conversation, the King of Pop revealed his deepest desire and life's purpose. In the above video from \"The Oprah Show\" archives, Oprah asked Jackson what it feels like to have legions of loyal fans screaming for him and cheering wildly when he performs. \"[It feels like] love,\" Jackson told her. \"I feel lots of love. I feel blessed and honored to be able to be an instrument of nature that was chosen to give them that.\" Giving the world music, he added, was why he was put on this earth. \"My purpose, I think, [is] to give in the best way I can -- through song, through dance, through music,\" Jackson said. \"I am committed to my art.\" Jackson explained that art in any form acts as a union between the material and the spiritual, the human and the divine. \"I believe that to be the reason for the very existence of art, and I feel I was chosen as an instrument to give music and love and harmony to the world,\" he told Oprah. \"What do you want the world to know about you most?\" Oprah asked. Jackson answered that he wanted to be known for being a great artist. \"I love when I do and I love people to love what I do,\" he said. \"I just simply want to be loved, wherever I go.\" More on Michael Jackson:",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Historically associated with George Washington, in which English county is Sulgrave Manor",
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"content": "SULGRAVE MANOR - 1001040| Historic England SULGRAVE MANOR List Entry Summary This garden or other land is registered under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 within the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens by English Heritage for its special historic interest. Name: SULGRAVE MANOR The garden or other land may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. County: Northamptonshire National Park: Not applicable to this List entry. Grade: II Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry. Legacy System Information The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. Legacy System: Parks and Gardens UID: 2042 Asset Groupings This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information. List entry Description Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. Reasons for Designation Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. History Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details. Details Formal gardens laid out in 1920s by Sir Reginald Blomfield around the sometime home of the Washingtons, forefathers of George Washington, first President of the USA. HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT One of the three manors of Sulgrave was acquired in 1539 by Lawrence Washington (d 1584), a wool merchant who in 1532 had been mayor of Northampton. Soon after he rebuilt the house. That manor was purchased in 1610 by his grandson Lawrence Makepeace. The family sold it in 1659, and c 1673 it passed to the Rev Moses Hodges. His son John reunited all three of Sulgrave's manors and rebuilt the house, giving it its basic modern appearance. The Hodges family retained ownership of the house until 1840, by which time it had become a dilapidated farmhouse. John Washington, a member of the family which owned Sulgrave although not resident there, emigrated to Virginia in 1656. His great-grandson, George (1732-99), was the first President of the United States of America. In 1914 Sulgrave Manor was purchased by subscription as a memorial to a century of peace between Britain and the USA and opened to the public. Restoration of the house and the laying out of a garden, both under Sir Reginald Blomfield, were delayed until the 1920s. It is now (1997) administered by the Sulgrave Manor Board on behalf of the peoples of Great Britain and the USA. DESCRIPTION LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM, SETTING The village of Sulgrave is 12km north-east of Banbury, on a minor road off the B4525 Northampton Road. The Manor lies on the south-east side of the village, off Manor Road, with thatched stone cottages to front and rear. The area here registered is c 3.5ha. ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES The Manor is announced by tall, probably early C18, ironstone gate piers with ball finials on Manor Road. From these a short, straight drive runs south, terminating at a slightly sunken turning circle west of the house, from which there is access to the courtyard in its north-west angle. PRINCIPAL BUILDING The Manor House (listed grade I) is an L-plan building of coursed limestone rubble and a stone-slate roof. It is of two storeys and an attic, with a gabled two-storey porch at the centre of the hall. The hall range was built c 1540(60 by Lawrence Washington, while the north-east wing was added by John Hodges c 1700. The left (west) half of the hall range, demolished c 1780, was rebuilt in 1929 by Sir Reginald Blomfield under whom the house was restored 1920-9. Attached to the north-west side of the house by a short wall is the former brewhouse of c 1700, remodelled by Blomfield in the 1920s. This was used as a visitor centre until 1998 when construction of a major new facility began down the west side of the gardens. GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS When the Manor House was purchased in 1914 all trace of any earlier pleasure garden had disappeared. Between 1920 and c 1928 the garden was remade under the direction of Sir Reginald Blomfield (d 1942), his working draw",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"In the 1969 Sam Pekinpah western \"\"The Wild Bunch\"\", who played Pike Bishop the leader of an aging outlaw gang?\"",
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"content": "The Wild Bunch (1969) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error An aging group of outlaws look for one last big score as the \"traditional\" American West is disappearing around them. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC What Makes the Golden Globe Awards So Entertaining? IMDb Special Correspondent Dave Karger breaks down why the Golden Globes are so much more entertaining than other award shows. Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 5 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. a list of 30 titles created 27 May 2011 a list of 32 titles created 04 Jan 2013 a list of 25 titles created 04 Sep 2013 a list of 35 titles created 17 Mar 2015 a list of 22 titles created 06 Dec 2015 Title: The Wild Bunch (1969) 8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 2 Oscars. Another 5 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards » Videos A small-town sheriff in the American West enlists the help of a cripple, a drunk, and a young gunfighter in his efforts to hold in jail the brother of the local bad guy. Director: Howard Hawks A Civil War veteran embarks on a journey to rescue his niece from an Indian tribe. Director: John Ford An American bartender and his prostitute girlfriend go on a road trip through the Mexican underworld to collect a $1 million bounty on the head of a dead gigolo. Director: Sam Peckinpah A senator, who became famous for killing a notorious outlaw, returns for the funeral of an old friend and tells the truth about his deed. Director: John Ford An aging Pat Garrett is hired as a lawman on behalf of a group of wealthy New Mexico cattle barons--his sole purpose being to bring down his old friend Billy the Kid. Director: Sam Peckinpah A young American and his English wife come to rural England and face increasingly vicious local harassment. Director: Sam Peckinpah A recently released ex-con and his loyal wife go on the run after a heist goes awry. Director: Sam Peckinpah A Missouri farmer joins a Confederate guerrilla unit and winds up on the run from the Union soldiers who murdered his family. Director: Clint Eastwood A marshall, personally compelled to face a returning deadly enemy, finds that his own town refuses to help him. Director: Fred Zinnemann A group of people traveling on a stagecoach find their journey complicated by the threat of Geronimo and learn something about each other in the process. Director: John Ford A weary gunfighter attempts to settle down with a homestead family, but a smoldering settler/rancher conflict forces him to act. Director: George Stevens Dunson leads a cattle drive, the culmination of over 14 years of work, to its destination in Missouri. But his tyrannical behavior along the way causes a mutiny, led by his adopted son. Directors: Howard Hawks, Arthur Rosson Stars: John Wayne, Montgomery Clift, Joanne Dru Edit Storyline In the Wild Bunch the movie opens with a group of aging outlaw's final score, a bank robbery. The event concludes with a violent and overtly bloody shootout that would generally mark the finale of a movie. This is correct in that it marks the finale of an era, for the characters and the world they live in. They simply can no longer keep up, the times are changing, technology advancing, and they're style of life is getting left behind in the dust that they spent so long galloping through. They abandon their careers for the simpler life of retirement. They enjoy this time, they live their fantasies. During this time the law is always on their tracks, bounty hunters. The further into their fantasy they get, the closer their demise seems to get. When one of their own is captured they are faced with the choice of escape or what is certainly a suicide mission to attempt and free their fallen behind comrade. For them it is not a",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; How many Grand Nationals did Red Rum run in",
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"content": "Many Clouds promises Red Rum heroics in Grand National at Aintree | Sport | The Guardian The Observer Many Clouds promises Red Rum heroics in Grand National at Aintree Trainer Oliver Sherwood believes the favourite and last year’s victor has the form to become the first dual winner in the Grand National since Red Rum Many Clouds jumps The Chair on the way to winning the Grand National in 2015, Oliver Sherwood’s horse is favourite to do so again this year. Photograph: Tom Jenkins for the Guardian Saturday 2 April 2016 18.00 EDT Last modified on Sunday 10 April 2016 09.58 EDT Share on Messenger Close William Hill issued a profit warning the week after the Cheltenham Festival, where a string of winning favourites left punters about £80m ahead on the week. And they may need to issue another after next Saturday’s Grand National, when Many Clouds, the 8-1 favourite, will have an outstanding chance to become the first horse to win the race for a second time since Red Rum in 1974. The National has been transformed since Ginger McCain’s exceptional chaser finished first, first, second, second and then first again in five renewals between 1973 and 1977. The fences are softer and the distance has been cut by nearly a quarter of a mile, but above all, the quality of the horses taking part, and thus the competitiveness of the race, has improved substantially. Few, if any, horses race from out of the handicap and all but a handful of the 40 runners will go to post as plausible winners. Many Clouds wins the Grand National for Leighton Aspell Read more As a result, it is no great surprise the list of multiple winners of the race has been stuck on seven for more than four decades. The 42-year gap since a dual winner is already the longest in National history and it is now more difficult for a horse to win the race once, never mind twice. Yet Many Clouds is an excellent bet to buck the trends, because unlike most horses that return to Aintree after winning a National, he needs to find very little improvement on a performance 12 months ago that owed very little to chance. Like Red Rum in 1974, Many Clouds will set off under top weight. Like Red Rum, he is also a nine-year-old, who won his first National at the right age to arrive back at Aintree at the peak of his powers, and potentially improved. Unlike Red Rum, who carried 10st 5lb to victory in 1973, Oliver Sherwood’s runner has only 1lb more on his back than he did 12 months ago. Many Clouds will run off a rating of 166, up six from last year when he was one and a quarter lengths ahead of Saint Are at the line, but if anything, he has looked like an improved performer this season during a four-race campaign designed solely to get him back to Aintree in peak form. “Just to be mentioned in the same breath as Red Rum is extraordinary,” Sherwood says. “But the one thing with him is that he’s been there and done it. He’s got round and he’s got copious amounts of stamina. “I would think the race is almost certainly harder to win nowadays. Red Rum was a brilliant horse but it was much more of a lottery in those years than it is now. If you look at the quality of the race nowadays, compared to 30 years ago, there’s much more quality in it now and it isn’t so trappy. That’s got to be a positive. “The National is the National because of a) the fences and b) the numbers in the race. There’s 40 runners , and you’ve only got to have one fall in front of you and your race is over, but it’s less of a lottery now.” Many Clouds has yet to renew acquaintance with the National course’s unique obstacles and some horses simply do not warm to the experience second time around. Sherwood’s runner has been back to this course, however, finishing a four-length second to Don Poli in a Listed event over Aintree’s standard Mildmay course in December when he was giving the winner 5lb. That form was franked when Don Poli finished third behind Don Cossack in the Cheltenham Gold Cup . “I’m worried about 39 others in the race but we’ve been there and done it, which is a huge positive with him,” Sherwood says. “Others h",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is a terrifying and disturbing dream?",
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"content": "Adult Nightmares: Causes and Treatments Treatments for Nightmares in Adults When you wake up terrified from a disturbing nightmare, you might think you're the only adult who has them. After all, aren't adults supposed to outgrow nightmares ? While it's true nightmares are more common among children, one out of every two adults has nightmares on occasion. And between 2% and 8% of the adult population is plagued by nightmares. Are your nightmares causing you significant distress? Are they interrupting your sleep on a regular basis? If so, it's important to determine what's causing your adult nightmares. Then you can make changes to reduce their occurrence. What Are Nightmares? Nightmares are vividly realistic, disturbing dreams that rattle you awake from a deep sleep . They often set your heart pounding from fear. Nightmares tend to occur most often during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep , when most dreaming takes place. Because periods of REM sleep become progressively longer as the night progresses, you may find you experience nightmares most often in the early morning hours. The subjects of nightmares vary from person to person. There are, though, some common nightmares that many people experience. For example, a lot of adults have nightmares about not being able to run fast enough to escape danger or about falling from a great height. If you've gone through a traumatic event, such as an attack or accident, you may have recurrent nightmares about your experience. Although nightmares and night terrors both cause people to awake in great fear, they are different. Night terrors typically occur in the first few hours after falling asleep. They are experienced as feelings, not dreams, so people do not recall why they are terrified upon awakening. What Causes Nightmares in Adults? Nightmares in adults are often spontaneous. But they can also be caused by a variety of factors and underlying disorders. Some people have nightmares after having a late-night snack, which can increase metabolism and signal the brain to be more active. A number of medications also are known to contribute to nightmare frequency. Drugs that act on chemicals in the brain , such as antidepressants and narcotics, are often associated with nightmares. Non-psychological medications, including some blood pressure medications , can also cause nightmares in adults. Continued Withdrawal from medications and substances, including alcohol and tranquilizers , may trigger nightmares. If you notice a difference in your nightmare frequency after a change in medication, talk with your doctor. Sleep deprivation may contribute to adult nightmares, which themselves often cause people to lose additional sleep. Though it's possible, it has not been confirmed whether this cycle could lead to nightmare disorder. There can be a number of psychological triggers that cause nightmares in adults. For example, anxiety and depression can cause adult nightmares. Post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) also commonly causes people to experience chronic, recurrent nightmares. Nightmares in adults can be caused by certain sleep disorders. These include sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome . If no other cause can be determined, chronic nightmares may be a distinct sleep disorder. People who have relatives with nightmare disorder may be more likely to have the condition themselves. What Are the Health Effects of Nightmares in Adults? Nightmares become much more than bad dreams when they have a significant effect on your health and well-being. Among people who experience nightmares, those who are anxious or depressed are more likely to be distressed about the experience and suffer even more psychological ill effects. Although the relationship is not understood, nightmares have been associated with suicide . Because nightmares may have a significant impact on your quality of life, it's important to consult a medical professional if you experience them regularly. Sleep deprivation , which can be caused by nightmares, can cause a host of medical conditions, including heart disease , depress",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which group had a top ten hit in 1972 with Nights In White Satin",
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"content": "Nights in White Satin - London Festival Orchestra,The Moody Blues | Song Info | AllMusic Nights in White Satin google+ Song Review by Richie Unterberger \"Nights in White Satin\" is the Moody Blues' most famous song, and their biggest hit, though it wasn't until five years after its initial release that it made number two as a single. At first it was a song on their 1967 album Days of Future Passed, the first to feature new members Justin Hayward, who wrote the song, and John Lodge. The melody of this ballad, as has been noted elsewhere, is close to the one used by Ben E. King on his 1963 melodramatic soul hit \"I (Who Have Nothing).\" That melody itself had been based on an Italian song King had heard in Italy, with English lyrics by his producers Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. Still, the instrumentation on the Moody Blues track is substantially different, particularly in the use of an eerie mellotron, an instrument of course that would be a staple of the group's most popular recordings. \"Nights in White Satin\" does effectively fulfill what was probably the purpose Hayward and his bandmates had in mind for it: a ghostly, haunting nocturnal ballad, with a lilting and memorable melody. The melodrama gets pushed to the fore (as does the resemblance to the chorus of \"I (Who Have Nothing)\") on the chorus, as the tempo becomes more emphatic and the group's background vocals become especially eerie, like voices in a windblown night. The instrumental break is also well done and in keeping with the hushed mood of the production, an echoed drumbeat leading into a lonely flute solo, the orchestration becoming more dense as the break progresses, building to a near-crescendo before leading into the final verse. It wasn't until 1972, though, that the song became a huge American hit, when it was pulled out for a single. It was, in fact, a Top 20 hit no less than three times in Britain: first just after the release of Days of Future Passed, then again in late 1972, and then again in late 1979. If you're looking for a peculiar big-name cover version of \"Nights in White Satin,\" check out the one War did in the early '70s, when Eric Burdon was still their leader and lead singer. Appears On",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds\" is often, and erronously, thought to be the motto of what US government agency?",
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"content": "Stuff Black People Don't Like - SBPDL: The residents of 98 percent non-white Brownsville (New York City): Doing what Snow, Rain, nor Gloom of Night Can't Do to the US Postal Service This website will serve to educate the general public on Black people and the Stuff That Black People Don't Like. Black people have many interesting eccentricities, which include disliking a litany of everyday events, places, household objects and other aspects of their everyday life. Black people are an interesting subject matter and this website will chronicle the many problems in life that agitate this group of people. To suggest material, please contact [email protected] Monday, May 6, 2013 The residents of 98 percent non-white Brownsville (New York City): Doing what Snow, Rain, nor Gloom of Night Can't Do to the US Postal Service Long ago, in a nation far, far away, Moe, Curly, and Shemp Howard called Brownsville (a community of Brooklyn) home. Before they were known the world over as the Three Stooges, the Howard brothers called the - then - Jewish enclave home. Brownsville... in Brooklyn? I'm not delivering there! Today, Brownsville is a community whose primary form of domicile is public housing. More than 80 percent of the 116,000+ people who live in the community are black, with 15.8 percent being Hispanic. Roughly 1.2 percent of the residents are white, relics left over from an era when America once existed in some form or another in the area known as Brownsville. The good folks at Wikipedia give this quick history lesson of Brownsville, reminding the astute reader of how rumor/conspiracy in the black community works to their advantage : As early as the 1910s, the area had acquired a reputation as a vicious slum and breeding ground for crime. It has been known throughout the years for its criminal gangs and in the 30s and 40s achieved notoriety as the birthplace of Murder, Inc. It was a predominantly Jewish neighborhood until the 1960s, when its population had become largely black and Brownsville's unemployment rate was 17 percent. Half of all families in the district lived on less than $5,000 a year. Journalist Jimmy Breslin wrote in 1968 that Brownsville reminded him of Berlin after World War II ; block after block of burned-out shells of houses, streets littered with decaying automobile hulks. The stores on the avenues are empty and the streets are lined with deserted apartment houses or buildings that have empty apartments on every floor. In September 1967, a riot occurred following the death of an 11-year-old black boy named Richard Ross who was killed by a black NYPD detective named John Rattley at the corner of St. Johns Place and Ralph Avenue due to his suspicion of mugging a 73-year-old white Jewish man. The riot was additionally fueled by Brooklyn militant Sonny Carson who spread false rumors that a white policeman killed the youth for no reason and was only quelled after Brooklyn North Borough Commander Lloyd Sealy deployed a squad of 150 police officers to the riot to prevent further looting. The officer responsible was later cleared after a grand jury refused to indict him. One Brownsville business owner compared the climate of the city to that of Wild West in 1879 , lamenting the high crime/murder rate in the community compared to that New York City. One black resident of the community called the city just \"one big prison\" -- without figuring out its the people of Brownsville who create the conditions in the community that are best described as a war-zone [ Brownsville, the 'hood that New York left behind , Reuters, 7-20-2010]: Josephine Spearman alternately fought back tears and grew defiant with anger when discussing the murder of her son, one of 11 shootings in 15 days recently that have made the neighborhood of Brownsville, Brooklyn, one of the most dangerous in the United States. \"You can get a gun like a box of Pampers around here,\" said Spearman, 57, whose 31-year-old son Maurice was shot dead on the main street in Brownsville, a volatile, predominantly black area that has failed to keep p",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; ‘Four ‘what’ Falls’ was the third puppet television show produced by Gerry Anderson for Granada Television?",
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"content": "Watch Four Feather Falls (1960) online. Free streaming Streaming resources for this Animation, Family, Western TV Show Four Feather Falls - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Four Feather Falls was the third puppet TV show produced by Gerry Anderson for Granada Television. ... published by Collins in 1960 and 1961. The first book featured a short text story based on the pilot episode of the TV series. In Pop Culture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Feather_Falls Four Feather Falls (TV Series 1960) - IMDb Editors' Spotlight IMDb Picks: October. IMDb's editors share the movies and TV shows they are excited to see in October. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0163445/ Toonhound - Four Feather Falls (1960) Gerry Anderson, David Elliott, Alan Pattillo Gerry Anderson, Barry Gray, Arthur Provis, Philip Wrestler Four Feather Falls is based on http://www.toonhound.com/falls.htm FOUR FEATHER FALLS | A TELEVISION HEAVEN REVIEW FOUR FEATHER FALLS (1960) Whilst working on Roberta Leigh’s 'Torchy the Battery Boy', Gerry Anderson and Arthur Provis of AP Films, decided that they wanted to branch out and produce a puppet series of their own creation. ... Four Feather Falls’ harmonica player was Tommy Reilly, ... http://www.televisionheaven.co.uk/four_feather_falls.htm TV ACRES: Westerns > Four Feather Falls (in Supermarionation) Four Feather Falls: Syndicated: 1960: ... Other folks in the Four Feather Falls community included: Grandpa Twink, who told tales about Sheriff Tex Tucker (\"This kinda reminds of something strange that happened a while back ...\") ... http://www.tvacres.com/west_four_feather_falls.htm Four Feather Falls (TV Series 1960) - Episodes - IMDb GET INFORMED. Industry information at your fingertips. GET CONNECTED. Over 200,000 Hollywood insiders. GET DISCOVERED. Enhance your IMDb Page. Go to IMDbPro » http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0163445/episodes Four Feather Falls - Watch Free Viooz TV Series Download ... Four Feather Falls was the third puppet TV show produced by Gerry Anderson for Granada Television. ... broadcast by Granada from February until November 1960. The setting is the late 19th-century fictional Kansas town of Four Feather Falls, where the hero of the series, ... http://www.vioozmoviesonline.com/tv/1811/four-feather-falls-1960 Four Feather Falls: Episode 1 - How It Began - Part 1 - YouTube ... Four Feather Falls, ... Four Feather Falls, about a town full of magic. In this episode Sheriff Tex Tucker arrives in Four Fea... ... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqLyY4zQOjk Four Feather Falls - TV Comic, 1960 - Virgin Media Four Feather Falls: TV Comic - 1960 I have a confession to make. I don't like westerns. Never have, probably never will. I'm not that keen on the earlier Gerry Anderson series either. http://www.technodelic.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Upload01/4FeatherFalls1.htm Four Feather Falls (1960) – Mediatly The series is set in the late 19th Century Western town of Four Feather Falls, Kansas and features the adventures of its sheriff, Tex Tucker. In the... http://www.mediatly.com/cards/view/312886 Four Feather Falls - TV.com Four Feather Falls: Watch full length episodes & video clips. Read the latest Four Feather Falls ... TV.com. Shows; Videos; News; Listings; People; Community; Search. Four Feather Falls. Follow. ITV (ended 1960) USER EDITOR. mrdivot. User Score: 394. Overview; Episode Guide; Watch Online; Cast ... http://www.tv.com/shows/four-feather-falls/ Four Feather Falls - ClassicKidsTv.co.uk Four Feather Falls is a series set in the late 19th Century Western town of the same name, and features the adventures of its Sheriff Tex Tucker who was given four magic feathers by Indian Chief Kalamakooya as a reward for saving the life of Makooya, the chief's son. http://classickidstv.co.uk/wiki/Four_Feather_Falls FOUR FEATHER FALLS DVD 1960 GERRY ANDERSON TV COMPLETE SERIES ... welcome to my online store containing the best of rare lost TV shows from the 50's and 60's . show title _FOUR FEATHER FALLS CREATED BY GERRY ANDERSON_____ http://www.sell.com/2CKGJ5 Four Feather Falls News - TV.com Four Feather Falls. Favorite",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Strasbourg is in which country?",
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"content": "Strasbourg Travel Guide: Where France and Germany Collide Updated October 13, 2016. Germany or France? Strasbourg is the ultimate European city. It has flavours of both France and Germany, and sits right on the border of the two countries. Geographically strategic, it was fought over for centuries between the French and Germans and Alsace and Lorraine. The home of the European Parliament, this often-overlooked and surprisingly cosmopolitan destination hosts France's oldest Christmas market and features a stunning cathedral. And if you want more, the Black Forest and the legendary Rhine River are just at or just beyond the city's edge. It can be hard to guess which country you are really in when visiting the city. The signs are in both languages; beer and wine are both tremendously popular and there's a common cuisine with dishes like sauerkraut in German or choucroute in French. And the architecture is distinctly German, almost Hansel-and-Gretal like. A Memorable Cuisine This is one of the best regions of France when it comes to great cuisine, and that's saying quite a bit considering this is, well, France. continue reading below our video Before Your Road Trip, Watch This The Alsatian dishes here have a boldness and earthiness that is reminiscent of their German roots, while there is attention to quality and detail that is the epitome of French gourmet philosophy. Some local cuisine experiences you shouldn't miss include: Visiting a local winstub (wine bar) for the ultimate France/German experience. The wines that are most popular here are white, light and tart, such as Rieslings and Gewurztraminers. Alsatian beers are also wonderful. Sampling the local eau de vie. Literally meaning \"water of life,\" this is fruit liquor to the extreme. Unlike many other country's liquors that are typically made with sugar, Alsatian eau de vie is sweetened entirely by fruit. Filling up on baeckoffe and coq au Riesling, some of the fabulous local specialties. Baeckoffe is a 3-meat stew of pork, mutton and beef marinated in wine and baked for hours with potatoes. Coq au Riesling is much like the better-known coq au vin, but is made with Riesling. It is usually served over fresh-made spaetzle, a German noodle. Alsatian desserts and pastries are another specialty, with tarts made with all kinds of fruit from rhubarb to Mirabelle plums. Getting to Strasbourg and getting around You can fly into Strasbourg, or fly into Paris or Frankfurt and take a two-hour (from Frankfurt) or four-hour (Paris) rail ride into the city. Once you arrive in the city, there is a clean and reliable tramway line, as well as extensive bus routes. Check out the detailed information on travelling from London, the UK and Paris to Strasbourg . Top Strasbourg Attractions Strasbourg’s Notre-Dame Cathedral is one of Europe's most beautiful example of gothic architecture. The stunning pink sandstone façade is quite unique and breath taking. Be sure to go inside for the intricate carvings and stained glass windows. captivate. Each day at 12:30 pm, visitors can see the 1842 astrological clock with its lengthy show. The courtyard out from hosts the city's immensely popular Christmas market . Petite France is Strasbourg's prettiest and most enchanting neighbourhood. Stroll along its streets and walk over the bridges crossing the Ill River. Breathe in the scent of fresh-baked gingerbread from the bakeries in timbered buildings with window boxes overflowing with plants that earned this city the prestigious four-flower ranking. Strasbourg’s Museums are concentrated near the cathedral, with 3 of them housed in the Palais Rohan, once the home of the mighty Rohan family Shop and people-watch at Place Kleber, a busy square lined with popular shops and a hub of activity. Check out the Major Strasbourg Attractions and Events When to go Strasbourg's climate is very German. It can be quite cold and snowy in winter, but the city is at its most beautiful at Christmas-time. Spring is a lovely time to visit as the flowers start to bloom. Summer can be warm, but inviting. Fall is splendid, as",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What discipline is practised according to Vaganova/Russian, French, and Cecchetti methods?",
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"content": "Ballet Methods: What Are They? | TutuTix May 9, 2016 Dance Life Mollie Durbin Ballet Methods: What Are They? If you need to get a lively conversation going at a party full of dancers and dance teachers, ask them which ballet method they think is the best. Ballet methods are different teaching styles or schools of ballet that have developed around the world since ballet’s inception in the 15th century. Each method has unique characteristics that define it and special characteristics in the manner it’s taught to students. Read on to learn about the main methods of ballet – and to make sure you can hold your own in that dinner party conversation. Balanchine Method The Balanchine method is also known as the American method. It was invented by George Balanchine, an esteemed choreographer who immigrated to the U.S. from Russia in the 1930s, Juliette Dupre of the blog Ballet Scoop explained. Together with Lincoln Kirstein, Balanchine opened the School of American Ballet in 1934. Younger in age than the other main ballet methods, Balanchine’s style is full of energy and vitality. While Balanchine took initial inspiration from the traditional Russian method, he rejected classical stiffness for jazzy, athletic movements, breathtaking speed and dizzying height. Every movement is pointed, emphatic and performed with the utmost expression and force. As Dupre wrote: “Even a simple port de corp devant was not to be considered a stretch but a fully artistic movement where the aesthetic of the body’s journey through space was the most important thing.” Consequently, the Balanchine method is considered neoclassical ballet. The modern and fresh approach to movement in the Balanchine method is expressed in other aspects of ballet performance as well. It rejects flouncy and frilly costumes for clean leotards, and scrapped fancy sets for simple backgrounds so that the focus is on the dancers , Ballet In You explained. The French School Where the Balanchine method is modern, the French School goes back. Way back – to the courts of Louis XIV in the late 16th century. In 1713, the Ecole de Danse de l’Opera was opened and was the teaching grounds of some of ballet’s greatest masters , according to the American Ballet Theatre. While the French school traces its influences back centuries, it came into its own under the leadership of Rudolf Nureyev, who was director of the Paris Opera Ballet in the 80s. The French School is a classical ballet style that emphasizes elegant lines, fluidity and graceful dancing along with technical precision. The French school’s true trademark is the petite batterie – a prime example of the method’s emphasis on quick, precise footwork, according to DanceSpirit magazine. Cecchetti Method Created by Italian Enrico Cecchetti, the Cecchetti method was invented as a way to teach ballet to new generations, ABT explained. Cecchitti meant business – his teaching method involves eight intense stages of training and includes strict repetition and routines. The rigid and regimented teaching style is a result of Cecchetti’s scientific attitude toward ballet and the idea that jetes and arabesques don’t just involve one part of the body, but the body as a whole, according to Ballet In You. Technical skill is tantamount, and Cecchetti dancers must practice the same movements over and over again daily. The goal is that heavy repetition, dedicated focus and steady discipline will create dancers that can withstand – and thrive in the face of – the harsh demands of ballet. English Style The English Style is also known as the Royal Academy of Dance. It was pioneered in 1920 and is a blend of the French, Italian, Danish and Russian methods, explained Dance Informa magazine. The Royal Academy of Dance is also an international dance examination standard. For English-Style-dancers, the focus is on the details and getting each and every movement exactly, with an emphasis on perfecting the basics. Progress is ultimately slow for dancers taught in the RAD method, and it takes countless hours of practicing even the smallest movement to be able to",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Garden, Display, Professional and Indoor are the four categories given to what?",
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"content": "Firework Classifications Buying Advice & Help Firework Classifications When shopping for fireworks or displays you’ll come across a number of terms used to describe their classification. This article explains all! Category 2, 3 and 4 Firework Classifications Category 2 and Category 3 fireworks are those available from your fireworks retailer and which are on sale to the general public. A consumer firework will fall into one of those two categories depending on how much of a safety distance it requires. Typical consumer fireworks warning labels from a Category 3 display firework (left) and a Category 2 garden firework (right) Category 2 items which are also known as garden fireworks require the smallest distance which is 5 metres if the firework is classified to British Standards. However you may see an increasing number of fireworks in the coming years which are classified to new EU/EN standards and the safety distance in that case is 8 metres. One of the newer EN labels. Photo courtesy Fireworks Crazy. Category 3 items which are also known as display fireworks require the greatest distance which is 25 metres for fireworks classified to British Standards. Again, it is likely in coming years you will see a number of fireworks classified to the new EU/EN standards and although the firework will still be Category 3 it may have a different safety distance on the label, for example 15 metres. A firework usually gets its category as a result of its gunpowder content, weight, size and how far it ejects debris. All fireworks on sale to the public have to be extensively tested and classified as either Category 2 or 3. These classifications also impose a noise limit and ensure the firework has a safety fuse and clear instructions on the label. In coming years you will start to see fireworks which carry the CE marking. This is because new legislation came into force in 2010 for all new fireworks imported after that date. However, fireworks imported already are exempt from the new laws and can be sold until 2017. So, don’t be surprised if your fireworks have a mix of old and new labels. Category 4 fireworks are for professional use only. These can include aerial shells and other items banned for sale to the public. Many category 4 fireworks are supplied without a fuse and are extremely dangerous to the untrained. In case you are wondering, Category 1 refers to fireworks which pose a minimal hazard and this classification is usually given to indoor fireworks. 1.3G, 1.4G, HT3 and HT 4 Firework Classifications Now this is where it starts to get more complex! For the purposes of transport and packaging, all fireworks are given a UN classification number, depending on their potential hazard. For consumer fireworks this will be 1.3G or 1.4G and that will be shown on the side of the firework’s original box as an orange diamond with the UN number inside Example of fireworks boxes with 1.4G hazard labels For the purposes of storage, legislation called MSER determines the amount of fireworks which can be stored together and under what conditions. MSER defines fireworks as a Hazard Type depending on the hazard they pose. Consumer fireworks typically fall under Hazard Type 4 (HT4) or Hazard Type 3 (HT3). Now if you are asking yourself “Do I need to worry about this?” the answer is usually no. If you are buying fireworks from a non-specialist (such a supermarket) on or immediately before Guy Fawkes then hazard type and UN classification would not have any relevance. This is the case for example if you are buying selection boxes, sparklers and so on. Or, if you are buying fireworks and letting them off within a couple of days. However if you are buying a lot of fireworks and intend keeping them at home, or if you are keeping fireworks at home for a long time, these classifications do have some importance. You may also have noticed some retailers making a fuss of the fact their fireworks are “old spec” 1.3G fireworks as a selling point. So let’s look into this in more detail. 1.3G and 1.4G is a hazard classification that relates only to transpor",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which US President’s name can be found on the Apollo 11 moon plaque?",
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"content": "The 8 weirdest things we've left on the moon - Vox The 8 weirdest things we've left on the moon share Humans tend to leave junk wherever we go. The moon is no exception. It's estimated that we've left nearly 400,000 pounds of stuff on the moon over the course of dozens of human and uncrewed missions. Most of the objects are simply defunct spacecrafts, probes, and rockets , intentionally crashed into the moon's surface after their missions were over. But there are also a handful of stranger things on the moon: art projects, sporting goods, and even bags of feces. Here are eight of the weirdest things we've left on the moon so far. 1) 96 bags of urine and feces The bags used for storing urine (left) and feces (right) during the Apollo missions. ( NASA ) During the Apollo missions, astronauts had to poop and pee , just like we all do on Earth. So even though it might sound like a hoax, there really are 96 bags used to collect these body fluids (some full, some empty) sitting around on the moon's surface after all these years — left behind by astronauts to lighten their craft's load, compensating for the lunar rocks they'd brought aboard. Recently, some astrobiologists have actually gotten interested in possibly looking at this poop, to see if there are any bacteria remaining in the feces and whether they've mutated at elevated rates due to exposure to radiation. 2) 12 pairs of space boots Buzz Aldrin's boots, still on the moon. ( NASA ) At the conclusion of Apollo 11, apart from bags of body fluids, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin also lightened their load by leaving behind about 100 objects they no longer needed. The stash included space boots, cameras, tools, and film. For more ceremonial purposes, they also left behind the famous US flag they'd planted in the lunar soil (though it was blown over by rocket exhaust when they left), a small gold olive branch pendant, and a ceremonial silicon disc that had been engraved with about 100 goodwill messages from US politicians, NASA administrators, and world heads of state. 3) A plaque signed by Richard Nixon ( NASA ) Nixon was president for all six human missions to the moon, including the first, which astronauts marked by leaving the plaque above on the moon's surface. So even though Nixon merely inherited the Apollo program just months before the first moon landing — and, of course, would later end his presidency in disgrace (ranking second to last on Vox's ultimate semi-arbitrary ranking of American presidents ) — he's the only president who got his signature on the moon. Well played, Nixon. 4) Artwork by Andy Warhol, Robert Rauschenberg, and Claes Oldenburg This one's an unconfirmed rumor — but there's reason to believe it might be true. During the 1960s, sculptor Forrest Myers reportedly had the idea to get six artists to collaborate on a tiny piece of artwork that would be left on the moon, and eventually recruited some big names to draw tiny sketches for what he'd call Moon Museum . The designs — which included a Mickey Mouse-esque drawing by Claes Oldenburg and a stylized sketch of Warhol's initials that look suspiciously like a penis — were shrunken down and etched onto a tiny ceramic wafer by scientists at Bell Labs. The Moon Museum. ( PBS ) Myers, however, was unable to convince NASA to go along with the plan. So he supposedly convinced an engineer working on the Apollo 12 module to hide the wafer in the gold blanket that surrounds its lower sections. The engineer, Myers says, smuggled the wafer aboard. And two days after Apollo 12 landed and then left the moon — discarding the module and letting it crash on the lunar surface — Myers revealed his scheme to the New York Times . NASA, though, has never confirmed it. 5) Two golf balls Alan Shepard famously brought the head of a six-iron golf club on the Apollo 14 mission, attached it to a tool intended to scoop lunar soil, and shagged a few balls. On a few of the swings, Shepard made pretty solid contact, saying he drove the ball \" miles and miles \" in the moon's microgravity environment. It was probably more like a few",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Russian Port of Vladivostok stands on which sea?",
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"content": "WPS - Port of Vladivostok review Port of Vladivostok Review and History The Port of Vladivostok is Russia's most southeastern seaport and the administrative center of the Primorsky territory near the country's borders with China and North Korea. Lying on the shores of the Golden Horn Bay (Zolotoy Rog) off the Sea of Japan, the Port of Vladivostok is almost 470 nautical miles north-northwest of Japan's Port of Sakai and about 510 nautical miles north-northeast of the Port of Busan in Korea. The Port of Vladivostok is an important cultural and educational center for the Russian Far East, and students are a major group within the city's population. In 2005, over 586 thousand people lived in the Port of Vladivostok. The economy of the Port of Vladivostok is largely based on maritime-oriented activities that include shipping, fishing, and the Russian Navy. Commercial fishing contributes most of the Port of Vladivostok's commercial output. The Port of Vladivostok is also home to the Russian Navy's Pacific Fleet. The Port of Vladivostok imports food products, clothing and footwear, medicines, automobiles, household items, and ships. Its main exports include fish, timber, metals, and ships. Port History The land supporting the Port of Vladivostok has belonged to many powers that included the ancient Korean Balhae Kingdom , Manchu Dynasty ancestors (the Jurchen ), the Mongols , and China. Russia took control of the area in 1858 under the Treaty of Aigun with China. Founded as a military outpost by Russia in 1960, the Port of Vladivostok's geographic location made it an important strategic base for Russia's Navy. In 1872, the Port of Vladivostok began to grow when the country's main naval base was located there. The arrival of the Chinese Eastern Railway in 1903 connected the Port of Vladivostok to Manchuria and gave the port a better connection to the rest of the Russian Empire and enhanced its importance as a major center in eastern Russia. The Port of Vladivostok was important as a military port that received supplies from the United States during World War I. When the Russian Revolution of 1917 began, the Port of Vladivostok was occupied by foreign forces, primarily the Japanese, who stayed there until the early 1920s. After they left the city, the Port of Vladivostok became important to the new Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) government. The Port of Vladivostok continued to be the home of Russia's Pacific Fleet after the USSR took control. It grew considerably after World War II as a military base, and the Port of Vladivostok was closed to foreign shipping between the late 1950s and the end of the Soviet era in the early 1990s. During the Soviet period, the city's industries were diversified. Large ship repair yards were constructed, workshops supporting the railways were added, and a plant making mining equipment was built. After the \"fall of Communism\" in Russia, the Port of Vladivostok emerged as a commercial port with links to other eastern Russian ports as well as countries of the Far East. It began to import consumer goods from Japan, China, and other nations. Today, the Port of Vladivostok is the eastern last stop on Russia's Northern Sea Route that stretches from on the country's northeastern shores near Finland. It is the principal base for supplies for Russia's Arctic ports to the east of Cape Chelyuskin. Much of the fish caught or processed in the Russian Far East is sent to the Port of Vladivostok for distribution to the rest of the country. The Port of Vladivostok exports petroleum, grain, and coal. Today, the Port of Vladivostok contains light industries that make instruments and radios, veneers and furniture, chinaware, and pharmaceuticals. Food industries are important to the local economy, making fish, meat, and flour. A small building industry also arose in the Port of Vladivostok making prefabricated building panels. After the Soviet era ended, the Port of Vladivostok's industries began to decline. Only the food processing industry continued to thrive, and mechanical engineering first remained bu",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which was the first English football club to win the European Cup?",
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"content": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 29 | 1968: Manchester Utd win European Cup About This Site | Text Only 1968: Manchester Utd win European Cup Manchester United have become the first English club to win the European Cup beating Portuguese side Benfica by four goals to one. Ten years after the Munich air crash, which killed eight of Matt Busby's young team, Manchester United have reached the pinnacle of European football. Celtic became the first Scottish and British club to win the cup the previous year. United's star player, George Best, was named European Footballer of the Year - just a fortnight after being named the football writers' Footballer of the Year. Massive crowd Tonight's match at Wembley was watched by a crowd of 100,000 and an estimated 250 million TV viewers. It was the biggest television audience since the World Cup final two years before. As both teams wear red kit, United opted to play in their blue away strip for the game. The first half passed in a flurry of fouls before Bobby Charlton headed the opening goal in the second half to make it 1-0. With only 10 minutes left to go, Benfica scored the equaliser - and very nearly won the match when their feared striker Eusebio broke away from Nobby Stiles, the player tasked with marking him, and blasted the ball towards the net. But it was saved by keeper Alex Stepney and the game went into extra time. Winning goal Two minutes into extra time Best put United ahead again, slipping round the keeper and gently tapping it over the line. It was followed by two more United goals, from 19-year-old Brian Kidd and captain Bobby Charlton, taking the final score to 4-1. Manager Matt Busby said: \"They've done us proud. They came back with all their hearts to show everyone what Manchester United are made of. This is the most wonderful thing that has happened in my life and I am the proudest man in England tonight.\" Busby was seriously injured in the crash which claimed the lives of his so-called Busby Babes and there was speculation at the time that the club had been so badly damaged it would have to fold. But they struggled on to complete the 1958/59 season and when Busby returned to the manager's role the following season he began the task of rebuilding the side. The club won the league in 1965 and 1967, but today's win marks the pinnacle of the club's achievements. Charlton and Bill Foulkes were the only survivors of the crash who played in today's final.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What traditional profession specialises in the assessment of costs and tenders for materials and contracts within building and construction projects?",
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"content": "Sanyathi Civil Engineering & Construction (Pty) Ltd and Another v eThekwini Municipality and Others, Group Five Contruction (Pty) Ltd v eThekwini Municipality and Others (KZP) [2011] ZAKZPHC 45; 2012 (1) BCLR 45 (KZP); [2012] 1 All SA 200 (KZP) (24 October 2011) | Noteup | LawCite Sanyathi Civil Engineering & Construction (Pty) Ltd and Another v eThekwini Municipality and Others, Group Five Contruction (Pty) Ltd v eThekwini Municipality and Others (KZP) [2011] ZAKZPHC 45; 2012 (1) BCLR 45 (KZP); [2012] 1 All SA 200 (KZP) (24 October 2011) Download original files IN THE KWAZULU-NATAL HIGH COURT, PIETERMARITZBURG REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA Reasons and further remedies: 25 October 2011 In the matter between SANYATHI CIVIL ENGINEERING & CONSRTUCTION (PTY) LTD …..............................1ST APPLICANT PHAMBILI PIPELINES (PTY) LTD ….................................................................................2ND APPLICANT AND ESORFRANKI PIPELINES (PTY) LTD ….....................................................................2ND RESPONDENT CYCAD PIPELINES (PTY) LTD …................................................................................3RD RESPONDENT CASE NO: 9347/2011 GROUP FIVE CONSTRUCTION (PTY) LTD …........................................................................APPLICANT AND ESORFRANKI PIPELINE (PTY) LTD …........................................................................2ND RESPONDENT CYCAD PIPELINES (PTY) LTD …................................................................................3RD RESPONDENT MICHAEL OLIVER SUTCLIFFE …................................................................................4TH RESPONDENT SANYATHI CIVIL ENGINEERING & CONSRTUCTION (PTY) LTD ….........................5TH RESPONDENT PHAMBILI PIPELINES (PTY) LTD …............................................................................6TH RESPONDENT NOCI INVESTMENTS (PTY) LTD ….............................................................................7TH RESPONDENT ______________________________________________________________ PILLAY D, J Introduction The supremacy of the Constitution and the rule of law are founding values of our democracy. 1 Law or conduct inconsistent with it is invalid; the obligations it imposes must be fulfilled. 2 Did eThekwini Municipality, the first respondent, break the law? If it did, how should it remedy its breach? These questions must be answered in two applications for review of a tender. Sanyathi Civil Engineering and Construction (Pty) Ltd and Phambili Pipelines (Pty) Ltd launched the first application against eThekwini, Esorfranki Pipelines Limited and Cycad Pipelines (Pty) Ltd. They prefaced this application for review with an interdict granted on 26 July 2011 in which Esorfranki agreed not to perform any construction or civil engineering work arising from the tender, pending this review. Phambili fell away as an applicant as they were not properly suited. In the second application Group Five Construction (Pty) Ltd added the City Manger, Sanyathi, Phambili and NOCI formerly known as ICON, its erstwhile joint venture partner, as the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh respondents. NOCI did not participate in the proceedings. The principle relief claimed in both applications is a declaration that the process of awarding tender number WS5980 for a contract for the construction of the Western Aqueduct Phase Two was illegal and invalid; therefore eThekwini’s award of the tender to the Esorfranki-Cycad joint venture should be reviewed and set aside. Initially, Sanyathi asked that it be awarded the tender; alternatively, that the tender be remitted for reconsideration by the Bid Evaluation Committee (BEC) of eThekwini but to exclude Esorfranki-Cycad. By the end of the hearing, Mr Broster SC, who appeared for Sanyathi, abandoned these remedies to make common cause with Mr Olsen SC who appeared for Group Five. The remedy all the applicants now seek is to direct eThekwini to conduct a fresh tender process if it intends to proceed with the construction. The",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On August 21, 1911, Italian patriot Vincenzo Peruggia stolen what \"moderately famous\" painting from the Louvre, which was not recovered for 2 years?",
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"content": "The Story Behind the Mona Lisa Heist - Seeker Aug 19, 2011 08:14 PM ET The Story Behind the Mona Lisa Heist The prevailing theory was that the thief was part of a large art theft ring, but new details paint a different picture. The police photograph and fingerprint record from the arrest of Vincenzo Peruggia. Courtesy of Joe Medeiros For exactly a century, mystery has wrapped the most famous art crime in history — the theft of the Mona Lisa. What many to consider the greatest portrait of all time, painted by Leonardo da Vinci from 1503 to 1507, disappeared from the Louvre on August 21, 1911. It was stolen by Vincenzo Peruggia (1881-1925), an Italian immigrant who lived in Paris with the masterpiece for over two years. Peruggia was never apprehended until he returned the Mona Lisa to Florence through an Italian art dealer, claiming he stole the painting to return it patriotically to the Italian people. However, the case has remained as elusive as the Mona Lisa's smile. It was hard to believe that Peruggia committed the theft alone, and several conspiracy theories arose. \"The prevailing theory was that he was just a small cog in a grand scheme to sell Mona Lisa forgeries to American millionaires. The theft of the real Mona Lisa was the only way to convince the buyers they were purchasing the real thing,\" Joe Medeiros, author of the 88-minute documentary \"The Missing Piece: The Truth About the Man Who Stole the Mona Lisa,\" told Discovery News. Medeiros, the former head writer for \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno,\" acquired copies of 1500 documents in the French an Italian archives, including police files and court documents, and finally discovered that money -– not really patriotism –- lay behind the famous theft. Vincenzo Peruggia. Italy State Police/Wikimedia In an attempt to find clues about Peruggia the man — who he was, what he thought and why he stole the painting — Medeiros met with Peruggia's daughter Celestina in Italy. But Celestina, who passed away in March at 87, knew very little about father. \"He died when she was a toddler,\" said Medeiros. Blog: Mona Lisa's Smile Hides Da Vinci's Technique The filmmaker went to the Louvre and re-traced the route Perruggia took to steal the painting. At the time of the theft, Peruggia was a 29 year-old housepainter who had worked at the Louvre for a short time helping cover 1600 masterpieces with glass to protect them from vandalism. Peruggia became familiar with all the Italian art and wondered why it was in a French museum. He read that Napoleon had looted Italy's art treasures when he conquered the country and brought them back to Paris. Thus he believed that all the Italian art in the Louvre was there illegally and decided to bring one picture back to its country. News: Nude, Mona Lisa-Like Painting Surfaces Unaware that the Mona Lisa was sold by Leonardo da Vinci himself to King Francois I of France, he turned to this painting because it was small and easy to carry. \"He stole the masterpiece by simply walking into the museum on a Monday when the Louvre was closed for cleaning. He was dressed in a white smock and thus blended in with he other workers,\" said Medeiros. It was the easiest task: Peruggia removed the painting from the wall, took it from its frame and walked out of the museum with the Mona Lisa under his arm, wrapped in his smock. The theft wasn't discovered until the next day because the Louvre guards assumed the masterpiece was with the museum photographer. Peruggia at the trial in Florence. Wikimedia Only when the painting's empty frame was found on a service stairwell, did Louvre officials began to suspect the worst. Some 60 detectives swept through the museum. Despite the fact that Peruggia left generous fingerprints on the glass that covered the painting, the lead was not followed up. The theft was a sensational event, and thousands flocked to see the empty space between Titian's \"Allegory of Alfonso d'Avalos\" and Correggio's \"Mystical Marriage\" in the Salon Carré. Slideshow: The Face of Da Vinci: An Enduring Mystery It was assumed that some genial mastermin",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In the Just William stories by Richmal Crompton, what is the name of William’s gang?",
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"content": "Five Fascinating Facts about Just William | Interesting Literature Five Fascinating Facts about Just William Posted by interestingliterature An interesting history of the popular children’s books, Just William In 1922, T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land was published, James Joyce celebrated the publication of his novel Ulysses and Virginia Woolf’s third novel Jacob’s Room appeared. But amongst all this highbrow modernist literature, there was also another literary phenomenon arriving on the scene. He was eleven-year-old English schoolboy William Brown, who would become known to millions of devoted readers as ‘Just William’. 1. That said, William actually made his debut in print a few years before, in the 1919 short story ‘Rice Mould Pudding’. But it was the publication in 1922 of the first book of stories to feature him, Just – William, that would introduce him to the reading public at large. Richmal Crompton, the creator of William, was born in 1890. After the publication of Just – William in 1922 she would go on to write a total of 39 books in the series, which would enjoy combined sales of 12 million copies in the UK alone. Famously, Crompton was a woman – a fact which has surprised many readers, probably because of the ‘boys’ own’ feel of the stories, which led some fans to assume Richmal was a man. 2. Richmal Crompton’s full name was Richmal Crompton Lamburn – the middle name was in honour of her grandfather. ‘Crompton’ came from her maternal grandfather, who committed suicide by swallowing prussic acid when Richmal was three years old. Nobody knows why he killed himself. At school, Richmal was a gifted pupil who attended the local boarding school and was offered a place to study Classics at Newnham College, Cambridge. However, she turned down Cambridge when Royal Holloway, London offered her a £60 annual scholarship to study there. After graduating she became a schoolteacher – though, perhaps surprisingly for someone who would create the most famous schoolboy in twentieth-century fiction, she taught at an all-girls’ school. She created William around this time, and although she wrote some 30 books for adults, none of them attracted anything like the readership that William Brown did. She would soon come to resent the shadow that her schoolboy creation cast over her ‘serious’ fiction. This sounds like Conan Doyle’s famous frustration with Sherlock Holmes – another creation that took on a life and popularity of its own beyond the writer’s own imagining (or desire). Coincidentally, Crompton, like Doyle, would also become a committed spiritualist in her later years (she died in 1969). 3. William got up to some pretty shocking things. As a Guardian article from 1999 outlines , William fell foul of animal rights campaigners when the stories were relaunched for a new generation of young readers in 1999. For instance, in the story ‘The Show’ – which appeared in the first volume of stories – William and his gang, the Outlaws, paint a terrier blue and charge people a penny to see the spectacle of a blue dog. In ‘The Stolen Whistle’, William unleashes his dog, Jumble, on a flock of sheep. But that’s nothing compared with a particular 1935 story… 4. In 1935, William and his Outlaws became Nazis. At least, kind of. In ‘William and the Nasties’, William and his Outlaws (who included Ginger, Douglas, and Henry) take to emulating Hitler and his fellow National Socialists in order to terrorise a local Jewish sweet-shop owner. Published in a magazine in 1934, ‘William and the Nasties’ was reprinted in the 1935 collection William the Detective. (‘Nasties’ is William’s mishearing of ‘Nazis’.) The story continued to appear in William the Detective well into the 1980s, when it was dropped from the volume and for all subsequent reprints. 5. Although he has a reputation for being a mischievous schoolboy, William wasn’t always all that naughty. Even in the above story, which is understandably no longer in print, there is a moral twist to the tale, with William and his friends realising the error of their ways and making peace with the shop-owner",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Nero Wolfe, that famous detective created by Rex Stout, rarely leaves his house. What is the name of his able bodied assistant, who does all of Nero's legwork?",
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"content": "Full text of \"Starlog Magazine Issue 213\" See other formats wm Gillian Anderson ratesTHE X-FILES THE SCIENCE FICTION UNIVERSE j? M McNeills\" APRIL #213 AR Greg Evigan, future detective The Man Who Killed Kirk: Malcolm McDowell TANK GIRL Lori Petty, road §\" ^^N LEONARD NIMOY'S 'k The genius and daring that marked each STAR TREK 1 episode was never more apparent than when creator Gene Roddenberry chose to continue the voyages - passing on the Starfleet directive to \"explore new worlds\" and \"to boldly go where no one has gone before™\" to STAR TREK 5 : THE NEXT GENERATION™. Now, The Hamilton Collection and Paramount Pictures proudly join together to salute the Captain of the U.S.S. Enterprise™ with the Captain Jean-Luc Picard Autographed Wall Plaque. With the gripping reality and remarkable detail that only fine portrait photography can achieve, the Captain Jean-Luc Picard Autographed Wall Plaque presents the character who has redefined the qualities of STAR TREK leadership, and is also a brilliant testament to one of the most accomplished actors of our time, Patrick Stewart. This handsome portrait, an actual publicity \"still\" taken on the Paramount Pictures set of STAR TREK: THE NEXT GENERATION, proudly bears the personally hand- written signature of Patrick Stewart. Mounted on polished hardwood and permanently protected, the Captain Jean-Luc Picard Autographed Wall Plaque is available exclusively from The Hamilton Collection for only $195. Your plaque will arrive ready for immediate display, will be numbered and accompanied by an official Certificate of Authenticity. As always, our 30 Day 100% Satisfaction Guarantee assures you order at no risk. Each day, interest in STAR TREK: THE NEXT GENERATION and demand for ever more fascinating collectibles based on its daring voyages is growing. To become one of only 5000 original owners of this piece of STAR TREK history, submit your reservation today! TM, ® & © 1994 Paramount Pictures. All Rights Reserved. STAR TREK and related marks are trademarks of Paramount Pictures. The Hamilton Collection Authorized User. I 1 Respond by: March 31, 1995 Please accept my reservation for [Qty.] Captain Jean-Luc Picard Autographed Wall Plaque(s). The issue price is payable in five convenient monthly installments of $39.* each, per plaque. I need send no money now. On acceptance, I will be billed for only the first installment when my plaque(s] is ready for shipment. 57M2QE ga Ms./Mrs./Mr. Address City State -Zip Telephone [ ) Signature *Plus S.95 shipping and handling per plaque installment. Orders shipping to FL will be billed 6% state sales tax. Ail reservations must be signed and are subject to acceptance. The Hamilton Collection 4810 Executive Park Ct., P.O.Box 44031, Jacksonville, FL 32231-4051 NUMBER 213 APRIL 1995 THE SCIENCE FICTION UNIVERSE® UNDER PRESSURE Bruce Boxleitner has taken command of \"Babylon 5\" X-HEROINE investigating as usual, Gillian Anderson now believes COMPONENTS 6 MEDIALOC 8 VIDEOLOC 10 CAMELOC 12 AUDIOLOG 14 BOOKLOC 16 BRIDGE 18 FANLOG 21 COMMUNICATIONS 82 LINER NOTES 64 75 COLORS OF LOYALTY The voyage home will test Robert Duncan McNeill CALL HER TANK GIRL Lori Petty is kicking butt & taking names in the desert TEKHERO Once again, Greg Evigan walks the future beat in \"TekWar\" DR. HELLER, MEDICINE WOMAN On \"Earth 2,\" Jessica Steen isn't all that she seems STARMANS SON Christopher Daniel Barnes is the animated Spider-Man HUMAN AMONG THE APES Years ago, Linda Harrison roamed \"Planet of the Apes\" LOOKING HOMEWARD This fraternal idea ignited a writing career for one fan THE MAN WHO KILLED KIRK Malcolm McDowell wouldn't mind offing more \"Trek\" folks STARLOC: The Science Fiction universe is published monthly by STARLOC CROUP, INC., 475 Park Avenue South, New York NY -::'= S --.:: and The Science Fiction universe are registered trademarks o",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The animal welfare charity The National Canine Defence League changed its name to what?",
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"content": "More ways to give to Dogs Trust Turnbull & Asser Thanks to Turnbull & Asser, you can look the part with your own unique pocket square - making a difference to the lives of thousands of dogs at the same time!",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Charter 77, a petition by writers and intellectuals demanding basic human rights played a big part in the anti-communist movement in what erstwhile country?",
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"content": "Human Rights and American Foreign Policy A Symposium - Commentary Magazine Commentary Magazine What role, if any, should a concern for human rights play in American foreign policy? Is there a conflict between… William Barrett 1981-11-01 Facebook Twitter Google+ Email Print A Recently, the editors of COMMENTARY addressed the following questions to a group of American intellectuals of varying political views: What role, if any, should a concern for human rights play in American foreign policy? Is there a conflict between this concern and the American national interest? Does the distinction between authoritarianism and totalitarianism seem important to you? If so, what follows from it in practice? If not, what distinctions would you make in judging and dealing with non-democratic regimes? Does the approach of the Reagan administration, to the extent that it can be inferred from statements of the President and other high officials, compare favorably or unfavorably with the Carter administration’s human-rights policy? The responses—eighteen in all—are printed below in alphabetical order. William Barrett: Human rights would certainly seem to be an important part of foreign policy, since the present struggle for the world is about liberty, and indeed the survival of liberty for the conceivable future of our civilization. Yet a separate human-rights policy as such, the more we think about it, does not appear to be one from which we can expect to get much mileage. In the first place, the violations of rights that will get into the news and attract attention are likely to be those by right-wing governments. They are cruder and more impulsive in visiting punishment and oppression upon their victims—and they make the news. The totalitarians of the Left are more systematic, deliberate, rational, “scientific”—and they escape notice. The Soviet secret police must have sneered contemptuously at the amateurishness with which Jacobo Timerman was manhandled. They know other and quieter ways of breaking a man down. After all, they have had more practice at it. The Soviet Union has been perfecting its techniques of oppression against its own people for the last sixty years. Go back to 1941 and Arthur Koestler’s Darkness at Noon to see how the inquisitor wears away and destroys his victim without laying a violent hand upon him. Indeed, the perfection of the totalitarian state will have arrived when its oppressiveness is so effectively managed that it becomes the universal and accepted tenor of life for its citizens, and there are no wayward incidents to be reported to any world body. In part, this has already come about for large portions of the Soviet population. But the second and more formidable reason why we cannot expect much mileage from a separate human-rights program lies in the ideology of the Communist countries themselves and the fact that this ideology places the matter of human rights in a perspective altogether different from our own. The Communists are the practiced users of a double-speak that can take what we deem to be violations of personal liberty as steps toward a more ideal social system. Their violations of human rights are always redeemed in the ultimate vistas of history, the secret truth of which they are in sole possession. No case of ordinary human rights could be presented strong enough to dent the self-righteous armor of their apocalyptic vision of the socialist future. _____________ Obviously, in the above I accept the distinction between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes, as I think we should. But I am uncomfortable with the word “authoritarian” in this connection. “Authority” is a word we might hope would come back into less unfavorable use in our political vocabulary. It connotes, or should connote, legality, legitimacy, and stability—qualities of a society that are at the farthest remove from the capricious will of a dictator. Eighteenth-century England, for example, did not know certain democratic liberties that we do, and thus might be called authoritarian. Yet within the framework of its authority,",
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trivia_qa_1505570
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; How many rings are on the Audi car logo?",
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"content": "A brief history of the four rings Compliled by Matt Daniels from Audi AG press releases The Audi emblem of the four rings denotes one of Germany's oldest automobile manufacturers. It symbolizes the merger in 1932 of four previously independent motor vehicle manufacturers: Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer. These companies are the foundation stones on which the present-day AUDI AG is built. Horch At the end of the 19th century, there were already a number of car manufacturers in Germany. One of them was August Horch & Cie., founded on November 14, 1899 in Cologne. August Horch was one of the pioneer figures of automotive engineering. Before setting up business on his own, he worked for Carl Benz in Mannheim for three years as Head of Automobile Production. In 1904, August Horch relocated his company to Zwickau and transformed it into a share-issuing company. However, in 1909 August Horch withdrew from the company he had founded, and set up a new enterprise under the name of \"Audi\". Audi The company established by August Horch in Zwickau on July 16, 1909 could not again take its founder's name for reasons of fair trade. Horch found a new name for the company by translating his name, which means \"hark!\", \"listen!\", into Latin. So it was that the second company to have been set up by August Horch commenced operations under the name Audi Automobilwerke GmbH, Zwickau, on April 25, 1910. Wanderer In 1885, the two mechanics Johann Baptist Winklhofer and Richard Adolf Jaenicke opened a repair business for bicycles in Chemnitz. Shortly afterwards they began to make bicycles of their own, since demand at that time was very high. These were sold under the brand name Wanderer, and in 1896 the company itself began to trade as Wanderer Fahrradwerke AG. Wanderer built its first motorcycle in 1902. The idea of branching out into automobile production was finally put into practice in 1913. A small two-seater by the name of \"Puppchen\" heralded in Wanderer's tradition of motor car production that was to last several decades. DKW Originally founded under the name Rasmussen & Ernst 1904 in Chemnitz, the company was moved to Zschopau in the Erzgebirge region in 1907. The company initially manufactured and sold exhaust-steam oil separators for steam-raising plant, mudguards and lighting systems for motor vehicles, vulcanization equipment and centrifuges of all kinds. The company's founder Jörgen Skafte Rasmussen began to experiment with a steam-driven motor vehicle in 1916, registering DKW as a trademark. In 1919 the company, by now renamed Zschopauer Motorenwerke, switched to the manufacture of small two-stroke engines, which from 1922 on served as a springboard for its success in building motorcycles under the brand name DKW. The first small DKW motor car appeared on the market in 1928. Auto Union AG, Chemnitz On June 29, 1932, Audiwerke, Horchwerke and Zschopauer Motorenwerke - DKW merged on the initiative of the State Bank of Saxony to form Auto Union AG. A purchase and leasing agreement was concluded at the same time with Wanderer, for the takeover of its Automobile Division. The new company's head offices were in Chemnitz. Following the merger, Auto Union AG was the second-largest motor vehicle manufacturer in Germany. The company emblem, with four interlinked rings, symbolized the inseparable unity of the four founder-companies. The brand names Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer were retained. Each of the four brands was assigned a specific market segment within the group: DKW assumed responsibility for motorcycles and small cars; Wanderer built midsize cars; Audi manufactured cars in the deluxe midsize class, and Horch produced deluxe top-of-the-range automobiles. Auto Union GmbH, Ingolstadt In 1945, after the end of the second world war, Auto Union AG was expropriated by the occupying Soviet forces. The company's leading figures consequently moved to Bavaria, where a new company was founded in Ingolstadt in 1949 under the name of Auto Union GmbH, to uphold the motor vehicle tradition of the company with the four-ring emblem. The first vehicles",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What has been won by Australia II and America 3?",
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"content": "Australia II, 1983 winner of the America’s Cup | Western Australian Museum Australia II, 1983 winner of the America’s Cup Collection Highlights | Updated 3 years ago Australia II (MHK D2/458) Image copyright of WA Museum On 26 September 1983, the yacht Australia II made history when the oldest sporting trophy in the world, the America’s Cup, was wrested from the Americans after 132 years. The Australia II was owned and built by a syndicate Western Australians headed by former businessman Alan Bond. The syndicate had unsuccessfully challenged for the Cup three times, which had been held by the New York Yacht Club since 1851, but the syndicate was determined to bring home the ‘auld mug’ in 1983. The designer of Australia II, Ben Lexcen, had conceived a winged keel that under secret testing in the Netherlands had out-performed conventional keels. The yacht was built in Cottesloe by local boatbuilder Steve Ward. The crew was based in Perth and undertook a rigorous training program to prepare them for the series of races that would determine the challenger for the America’s Cup, held in Newport, Rhode Island. Following the success of Australia II in the Round Robin series to select a challenger for the Cup, the yacht raced in the best of seven races to determine the ultimate winner. At the end of four races, with the score 3-1 against them, the crew of Australia II faced an enormous challenge. Against all the odds Australia II went on to win the remaining three races, becoming the first non-American yacht to win the Cup. In 1988 the yacht and associated material was bought by the Australian government for $2,000,000, and accessioned into the National Museum of Australia collection. The yacht was subsequently displayed in Fremantle before a new home in Sydney, the Australian National Maritime Museum, was prepared. In 1995 the Australian government offered the yacht back to the Western Australian community, recognising the value of conserving objects in their original place. A purpose-built facility to house the yacht was proposed. The museum, located at the western end of Victoria Quay in Fremantle, was completed in May 2002 and installation of the Museum’s exhibition completed for opening in December of the same year. The yacht Australia II is displayed in a defining moment of the final race. Having just passed the American boat Liberty on the last downwind leg, Australia II is fast approaching the last rounding mark, the America’s cup buoy. The yacht is heeled to approximately 9 degrees as it approaches the mark, to begin the final leg to the finish. During the final windward beat Australia II tacked many times to defend their precious lead. At 5.21pm the yacht crossed the line to win the America’s Cup.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What type of dogs are commonly kept by Eskimos?",
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"content": "Native American Indian Dogs: Indigenous Dog Breeds of North and South America What's new on our site today! Precolumbian Tribal Dogs In The Americas by Stephanie Little Wolf The dog who first entered North America with paleoindians was a well established inhabitant along with his human counterpart as early as fourteen thousand years ago. DNA studies on the genetic structure of paleoamerican dogs show that this was a fully domesticated animal at the time of entry into the North American continant, suggesting that the domestication of dogs occurred at an earlier time than has been previously suggested, (the archaeological record suggests canid domestication events around fourteen thousand years ago)- about the same time that humans walked over from Eurasia to the new world. This would indicate that the dog was actually domesticated at an earlier time than that. The DNA Factor Indeed, the Mtdna (mitochondrial) studies strongly support the hypothesis that paleoamerican and eurasian domestic dogs share a common origin, both evolving from the Eurasian gray Wolf. No evidence of a separate domestication of dogs from North American Grey Wolves was discovered. Although the haplotypes found in paleoamerican dogs were closely related to Eurasian dogs, some of them formed a unique clade within the main genetic group, (clad 1), which is found only in paleoamerican dogs. This indicates that dogs were present and isolated in the new world for a considerable amount of time. This long period of isolation led to the appearance of a group of genetic sequences (haplotypes) that are similar but very easily distinguishable from dogs from other parts of the world, or from any modern dog population in America today. Indeed, no surveyed modern population of dogs in the united states carries these unique genetic markers in their DNA. American Indian Dogs were extinct early on by the inbreeding and replacemnt by European dogs. Only the Eskimo dog has survived. Dna evidence links the Eskimo Dog with the Australian Dingo, the New Guinea Singing dog, and the Shiba Inu. The Mexican Hairless or Xoloitzcuintle was present in the Americas long before Europeans arrived, but the genetic lineage shows extreme mixing with European dogs and may not genetically resemble its precolumbian ancestors anymore, although reduced dentition and hairlessness are extremely dominant traits, so the dogs strongly resemble their forbears in appearance. Dogs, Wolves, and Coyotes At the time of European contact, American Indians were groups of diverse and widely dispersed nations. It is common yet inaccurate these days for them to be discussed as one single population, and their dogs do not escape this inaccuracy. In fact, there were many different types of Indian dogs and they were used for a variety of reasons that were as diverse and unique as the people they inhabited the land with. It is also common for modern researchers to site early explorers from the late 1600's to the late 1800's and their anecdotal interpretations of Indian dogs as being almost impossible to distinguish from the wolf. This is also a common mistake and misinterpretation today. Countless times I have heard children, and adults refer to my Alaskan Village dogs as wolves. In fact, Eskimo dogs, huskies and other sled dogs may have fur and vocalizations that resemble their wolf ancestors, but that is about it. Dogs have a shorter stockier build, wider chests and shorter faces and muzzles, with short steep \"stops\" or angle from forehead to the bridge of the nose. In all, many dogs filled rolls within Indian cultures. Some tribes had rather loose associations with their dogs, some were extremely attached and involved with dogs as pets and or using them for various tasks. Dogs probably tracked game, and packed meat after a hunt. Dogs were eaten by some groups as a food source and some were only consumed ceremonially. Dogs were the playmates of young children and companions to the elders. Four distinct types of tribal dog are presented here, although many more existed at one time. I encourage one t",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which year was the battle of the Alamo?",
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"content": "The Alamo - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Early History of the Alamo Spanish settlers built the Mission San Antonio de Valero, named for St. Anthony of Padua, on the banks of the San Antonio River around 1718. They also established the nearby military garrison of San Antonio de Béxar, which soon became the center of a settlement known as San Fernando de Béxar (later renamed San Antonio). The Mission San Antonio de Valero housed missionaries and their Native American converts for some 70 years until 1793, when Spanish authorities secularized the five missions located in San Antonio and distributed their lands among local residents. Did You Know? Ten years after Texas won its independence and shortly after it was annexed by the United States, U.S. soldiers revived the \"Remember the Alamo!\" battle cry while fighting against Mexican forces in the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848. Beginning in the early 1800s, Spanish military troops were stationed in the abandoned chapel of the former mission. Because it stood in a grove of cottonwood trees, the soldiers called their new fort “El Alamo” after the Spanish word for cottonwood and in honor of Alamo de Parras, their hometown in Mexico . Military troops–first Spanish, then rebel and later Mexican–occupied the Alamo during and after Mexico’s successful war for independence from Spain in the early 1820s. In the summer of 1821, Stephen Austin arrived in San Antonio along with some 300 U.S. families that the Spanish government had allowed to settle in Texas . The migration of U.S. citizens to Texas increased over the next decades, sparking a revolutionary movement that would erupt into armed conflict by the mid-1830s. The Battle of the Alamo In December 1835, in the early stages of Texas’ war for independence from Mexico, a group of Texan (or Texian) volunteers led by George Collinsworth and Benjamin Milam overwhelmed the Mexican garrison at the Alamo and captured the fort, seizing control of San Antonio. By mid-February 1836, Colonel James Bowie and Lieutenant Colonel William B. Travis had taken command of Texan forces in San Antonio. Though Sam Houston , the newly appointed commander-in-chief of the Texan forces, argued that San Antonio should be abandoned due to insufficient troop numbers, the Alamo’s defenders–led by Bowie and Travis–dug in nonetheless, prepared to defend the fort to the last. These defenders, who despite later reinforcements never numbered more than 200, included Davy Crockett , the famous frontiersman and former congressman from Tennessee , who had arrived in early February. On February 23, a Mexican force comprising somewhere between 1,800 and 6,000 men (according to various estimates) and commanded by General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna began a siege of the fort. The Texans held out for 13 days, but on the morning of March 6 Mexican forces broke through a breach in the outer wall of the courtyard and overpowered them. Santa Anna ordered his men to take no prisoners, and only a small handful of the Texans were spared. One of these was Susannah Dickinson , the wife of Captain Almaron Dickinson (who was killed) and her infant daughter Angelina. Santa Anna sent them to Houston’s camp in Gonzalez with a warning that a similar fate awaited the rest of the Texans if they continued their revolt. The Mexican forces also suffered heavy casualties in the Battle of the Alamo, losing between 600 and 1,600 men. Legacy of the Alamo From March to May, Mexican forces once again occupied the Alamo. For the Texans, the Battle of the Alamo became a symbol of heroic resistance and a rallying cry in their struggle for independence. On April 21, 1836, Sam Houston and some 800 Texans defeated Santa Anna’s Mexican force of 1,500 men at San Jacinto (near the site of present-day Houston), shouting “Remember the Alamo!” as they attacked. The victory ensured the success of Texan independence: Santa Anna, who had been taken prisoner, came to terms with Houston to end the war. In May, Mexican troops in San Antonio were ordered to withdraw, and to demolish the Alamo’s fortifications",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; To emphasise its links to the sea, which country depicts the top of Neptune’s trident on its national flag?",
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"content": "West Country Life 02 November 2013 by WDPissuu - issuu issuu magazine Western Daily Press, Saturday November 2 2013 No one wants to miss it BRIDGWATER CARNIVAL AND ITS FITTING FINALE 2 6 PEOPLE Alice Bell weathers the ‘big stor m’ as best she can; while Martin Hesp meets the PM Steve Roberts captures the history of ‘tar barrels’ with images from today and 1975 Tristan Cork goes behind the scenes before the West’s biggest carnival night 8 How cupcakes got competitive; plus forget caravans, how about trying a Twagon? Wiltshire boy and ex-Army captain turned musician James Blunt talks to us Getting the best from vegetables; the 50 top foodie experiences; plus quick coffees The rise of the popular Pinot Grigio; plus, a good sandwich at a charming pub 18 The gothic look for the home; plus fashion where it’s all about texture We talk to Cotswold resident Amanda Holden and Somerset’s Charlie Higson Looking for the best places to eat in Dubai; plus the best skiing destinations in Europe Hop over to the Isles of Scilly for classic walking territory or venture to the Mendips Alan Down looks at the trees and shrubs that give the best autumn colour How Charles II sold for £4,000; plus Cary Grant memorabilia at Bonhams Gethin Jones on visiting Afghanistan; plus, TV highlights for the week TV guide Poem and puzzles Horoscope Where in the West Cover by Steve Roberts 40 52 53 56 Online westerndailypress.co.uk/wcl Gorgeous autumnal light and low cloud on Salisbury Plain, taken from Sidbury Hillfort by Western Daily Press reader David Hargrave, of Durrington, Wiltshire Rural rambles Roger Evans You will all be familiar with the phenomena... “Things can’t get any worse”, and then they do. Well I had my second excursion to the TB restricted market last week. I took 16 calves, a mix of black and white dairy bulls and beef crosses. The whole lot averaged £29! Five of the dairy bull calves made less than £10. I’d kept and fed them all for three weeks or more, the ear tags alone cost £3. Other farmers there, who suffered a similar fate, said that they wouldn’t go through the same humiliation again and would take any future calves to the hunt kennels. The auctioneer told me that he was now getting more calves at the TB restricted market than he was getting at the normal one. We’ll have to take stock of what we do from now on. If I told you what I was truly thinking as I drove home, I would probably get my farm burnt down. When I got home I worked out that on just that one load of calves, TB had cost me £1,000. There’s nothing that I can do that will prevent the same thing happening again next month or next year. We are out, Stephen and I, on our very highest field. It just touches the 980ft mark. To enhance my stories of this high land, I always say it’s at 1,000ft which for me, is not an exceptional exaggeration. The field has been, for 12 months, in a fallow stubble, left for the wild birds. But it grows a crop of weeds and I am chopping these off and Stephen is coming along behind me with the plough. There have always been skylarks up here though there are fewer now than there were 10 years ago, despite all the land that has been left in fallow for their benefit. This is an excellent cue for me to go on to my hobby horse abut predators but you know all about that, I know I am right, because I know there are fewer skylarks, so I will move on. The skylarks flutter about as I approach on my tractor. Some of them do their fluttering along the ground routine, which is designed to lead a dangerous presence away, but they are not in any danger from me. I soon become aware that there are three tiny leverets in the stubble. When I say tiny, I mean that I could easily encompass them as little round balls of fluff in my hands. As I work across the field, they scuttle about 20 yards at a time, further down the field to safety. They are heading towards the hedge, there’s a field beyond that with plenty of grass, WCL-E01-S2 there’s food there and safety. But they get to the hedge and then turn back. They are not together, you can barely see them, but indiv",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; If a set of mathematical data is arranged in order, what name is given to the middle value?",
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"content": "Mean, Median and Mode Year 8 Interactive Maths - Second Edition Mean, Median and Mode We use statistics such as the mean , median and mode to obtain information about a population from our sample set of observed values. Mean The mean (or average) of a set of data values is the sum of all of the data values divided by the number of data values. That is: Example 1 The marks of seven students in a mathematics test with a maximum possible mark of 20 are given below: 15 13 18 16 14 17 12 Find the mean of this set of data values. Solution: So, the mean mark is 15. Symbolically, we can set out the solution as follows: So, the mean mark is 15. Median The median of a set of data values is the middle value of the data set when it has been arranged in ascending order. That is, from the smallest value to the highest value. Example 2 The marks of nine students in a geography test that had a maximum possible mark of 50 are given below: 47 35 37 32 38 39 36 34 35 Find the median of this set of data values. Solution: Arrange the data values in order from the lowest value to the highest value: 32 34 35 35 36 37 38 39 47 The fifth data value, 36, is the middle value in this arrangement. Note: In general: If the number of values in the data set is even, then the median is the average of the two middle values. Example 3 Find the median of the following data set: 12 18 16 21 10 13 17 19 Solution: Arrange the data values in order from the lowest value to the highest value: 10 12 13 16 17 18 19 21 The number of values in the data set is 8, which is even. So, the median is the average of the two middle values. Alternative way: There are 8 values in the data set. The fourth and fifth scores, 16 and 17, are in the middle. That is, there is no one middle value. Note: Half of the values in the data set lie below the median and half lie above the median. The median is the most commonly quoted figure used to measure property prices. The use of the median avoids the problem of the mean property price which is affected by a few expensive properties that are not representative of the general property market. Mode The mode of a set of data values is the value(s) that occurs most often. The mode has applications in printing. For example, it is important to print more of the most popular books; because printing different books in equal numbers would cause a shortage of some books and an oversupply of others. Likewise, the mode has applications in manufacturing. For example, it is important to manufacture more of the most popular shoes; because manufacturing different shoes in equal numbers would cause a shortage of some shoes and an oversupply of others. Example 4 Find the mode of the following data set: 48 44 48 45 42 49 48 Solution: The mode is 48 since it occurs most often. Note: It is possible for a set of data values to have more than one mode. If there are two data values that occur most frequently, we say that the set of data values is bimodal. If there is no data value or data values that occur most frequently, we say that the set of data values has no mode. Analysing Data The mean , median and mode of a data set are collectively known as measures of central tendency as these three measures focus on where the data is centred or clustered. To analyse data using the mean, median and mode, we need to use the most appropriate measure of central tendency. The fo",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Chemist and physicist Marie Curie was born in which modern-day European country?",
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"content": "Marie Curie - Physicist - Biography.com Marie Curie Marie Curie was a Polish-born French physicist famous for her work on radioactivity and twice a winner of the Nobel Prize. IN THESE GROUPS » quotes “I believe that Science has great beauty. A scientist in his laboratory is not a mere technician; he is also a child confronting natural phenomena that impress him as though they were fairy tales.” “One never notices what has been done; one can only see what remains to be done.” “In science, we must be interested in things, not in persons.” “All my life through, the new sights of Nature made me rejoice like a child.” “In the education of children the requirement of their growth and physical evolution should be respected, and that some time should be left for their artistic culture.” “Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood.” “I was taught that the way of progress was neither swift nor easy.” “Life is not easy for any of us. But what of that? We must perseverance and above all confidence in ourselves.” “You cannot hope to build a better world without improving the individuals.” “It is important to make a dream of life and a dream reality.” “There are sadistic scientists who hurry to hunt down errors instead of establishing the truth.” Marie Curie Marie Curie - Mini Biography (TV-PG; 3:04) Marie Curie's work on radioactivity made her the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Curie's efforts led to the discovery of polonium and radium and the development of X-rays. Synopsis Born Maria Sklodowska on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland, Marie Curie became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only woman to win the award in two different fields (physics and chemistry). Curie's efforts, with her husband Pierre Curie, led to the discovery of polonium and radium and, after Pierre's death, the further development of X-rays. She died on July 4, 1934. Early Life Maria Sklodowska, better known as Marie Curie, was born in Warsaw in modern-day Poland on November 7, 1867. Her parents were both teachers, and she was the youngest of five children, following siblings Zosia, Józef, Bronya and Hela. As a child Curie took after her father, Wladyslaw, a math and physics instructor. She had a bright and curious mind and excelled at school. But tragedy struck early, and when she was only 10, Curie lost her mother, Bronislawa, to tuberculosis. A top student in her secondary school, Curie could not attend the men-only University of Warsaw. She instead continued her education in Warsaw's \"floating university,\" a set of underground, informal classes held in secret. Both Curie and her sister Bronya dreamed of going abroad to earn an official degree, but they lacked the financial resources to pay for more schooling. Undeterred, Curie worked out a deal with her sister. She would work to support Bronya while she was in school and Bronya would return the favor after she completed her studies. For roughly five years, Curie worked as a tutor and a governess. She used her spare time to study, reading about physics, chemistry and math. In 1891, Curie finally made her way to Paris where she enrolled at the Sorbonne in Paris. She threw herself into her studies, but this dedication had a personal cost. With little money, Curie survived on buttered bread and tea, and her health sometimes suffered because of her poor diet. Curie completed her master's degree in physics in 1893 and earned another degree in mathematics the following year. Around this time, she received a commission to do a study on different types of steel and their magnetic properties. Curie needed a lab to work in, and a colleague introduced her to French physicist Pierre Curie . A romance developed between the brilliant pair, and they became a scientific dynamic duo. The pair married on July 26, 1895. Discoveries Marie and Pierre Curie were dedicated scientists and completely devoted to one another. At first, they worked on separate projects. She was fascinated with the work of Henri Becquerel, a French physicist who discovered that uranium casts off rays, weaker rays than t",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who won an 'Oscar' for Best Director at the 2001 'Oscars'?",
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"content": "2001 Academy Awards® Winners and History Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (2001) Monsters, Inc. (2001) Actor: DENZEL WASHINGTON in \"Training Day,\" Russell Crowe in \"A Beautiful Mind,\" Sean Penn in \"I Am Sam,\" Will Smith in \"Ali,\" Tom Wilkinson in \"In the Bedroom\" Actress: HALLE BERRY in \"Monster's Ball,\" Judi Dench in \"Iris,\" Nicole Kidman in \"Moulin Rouge!,\" Sissy Spacek in \"In the Bedroom,\" Renee Zellwegger in \"Bridget Jones's Diary\" Supporting Actor: JIM BROADBENT in \"Iris,\" Ethan Hawke in \"Training Day,\" Ben Kingsley in \"Sexy Beast,\" Ian McKellen in \" The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring ,\" Jon Voight in \"Ali\" Supporting Actress: JENNIFER CONNELLY in \"A Beautiful Mind,\" Helen Mirren in \"Gosford Park,\" Maggie Smith in \"Gosford Park,\" Marisa Tomei in \"In the Bedroom,\" Kate Winslet in \"Iris\" Director: RON HOWARD for \"A Beautiful Mind,\" Ridley Scott for \"Black Hawk Down,\" Robert Altman for \"Gosford Park,\" Peter Jackson for \" The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring ,\" David Lynch for \"Mulholland Drive\" This year's ceremony, hosted by Whoopi Goldberg (for her fourth time), was notable as being the longest ever - at 4 hours, 23 minutes. It also marked the first year that the Best Animated Feature Film category was offered. This was a year of eclectic Best Picture-nominated films: a sword-and-sorcery Hobbit/elves fantasy adventure, the first in a trilogy, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring a period murder mystery set in a British estate, Gosford Park an audacious musical romance set in a decadent, late 19th century Parisian nightclub/dance-hall/theatre, Moulin Rouge a drama about an afflicted, Nobel Prize-winning mathematical genius, the ultimate winner A Beautiful Mind another intimate drama about the torment of a New England (Maine) family over a son's sudden murder, In the Bedroom This was the tenth consecutive year that Miramax had a Best Picture nominee (this year, it was In the Bedroom) - a record for any studio. For the newly-created category - Best Animated Feature Film, according to the Academy's rules, an 'animated film' had to be at least 70 minutes in length, have a significant amount of major animated characters, and be at least 75% animated. The three nominees this year were Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius Monsters, Inc. PDI/Dreamworks' Shrek (the winner), with its lovable green ogre (Mike Myers) and smart-alec donkey (Eddie Murphy). [Note: This was the first-ever Oscar for an animated feature film.] Three of the five Best Picture-nominated films had specifically fanciful elements: the dazzling musical fantasy of Moulin Rouge the epic fantasy tale The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring the delusionary fantasies of the main character's mind in A Beautiful Mind The Best Picture winner was A Beautiful Mind (with eight nominations and four major wins): Best Director (Ron Howard), Best Supporting Actress (Jennifer Connelly), and Best Adapted Screenplay (Akiva Goldsman). First time nominee and former child actor/director Ron Howard's case study drama and romance was loosely adapted from Sylvia Nasar's prize-winning biography about a courageous Princeton Univ. math genius experiencing a harrowing struggle with mental illness (schizophrenia). To",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which British fashion designer married Lars von Bennigsen in 2002?",
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"content": "Alice Temperley Biography. Read a bio on Fashion Designer Alice Temperley. View the Spring 2011 Alice Temperley Collection and Company history. Alice Temperley Alice Temperley Biography Alice Temperley (born July 22, 1975) is a British fashion designer based in London. Her fashion label, Temperley London was launched in 2000. Career Alice Temperley grew up in Somerset, on her parent's ciderfarm before moving to London to attend university. Temperley graduated from the Royal College of Art and Central Saint Martins before setting up her company, Temperley London, together with her then boyfriend (now husband) Lars von Bennigsen in 2000. She is well known for her focus on beautiful fabrics and hand finishes and has been hailed as the designer making the biggest waves in British fashion by American Vogue. Temperley London produces four collections per year: Autumn/Winter, Cruise, Spring/Summer and Pre Fall. These include Ready To Wear, Black Label (exclusive evening gowns and cocktail dresses), Beach, Accessories, Bridal. The designer has 4 stand alone boutiques in London, New York, Los Angeles and Dubai. Additionally, Temperley London is sold in 300 stores in 37 different countries. In 2007, Temperley London launched a Bridal department with a boutique next door to its London flagship store. The headquarters are based in Notting Hill, London adjacent to the designer's home. Temperley hosted her first fashion show in Notting Hill, London in 2003. In 2005 she moved her fashion shows to New York where she has showed since, with the exception of the Spring Summer 2009 show in 2008 in London. For the Autumn/Winter 2009/10 show Temperley hosted a two day presentation simultaneous with an online multimedia video launch rather than a traditional catwalk show. Recognition Temperley has been awarded several times including English Print Designer of the Year in 1999 at Indigo, Paris as well as Elle Magazine Best Young Designer of the Year Award in 2004. She was also named one of Britain's top 35 female business leaders in 2006 Wearers of her designs have included Halle Berry, Kate Hudson, Sarah Jessica Parker, Eva Mendez, Clare Danes, Sienna Miller, Lindsey Lohan, Demi Moore, Heidi Klum, Jennifer Lopez, Jessica Alba, Kate Bosworth, Keira Knightley, Leighton Meester, Naomi Campbell, Nicole Richie, Reese Witherspoon, Rosario Dawson and Scarlett Johansson. Company The company is privately owned and run by Alice Temperley and her husband and CEO Lars von Bennigsen. In 2006 it was widely rumored that Gucci Group were interested in buying a stake in the company. This was never confirmed nor declined by Temperley London. In spring of 2010 Temperley London launched a sister brand 'Alice by Temperley' targeted at a younger demographic and containing more affordable pieces. The new brand tries to embody the rock and roll atmosphere that is London. Personal life Temperley met her husband Lars von Bennigsen in 1998, whilst working as a cocktail waitress at The Met Bar to help pay for her studies at Central Saint Martins. They married in 2002 in a 20's style wedding covered by British Vogue. In September 2008, 5 days after the Temperley London SS09 fashion show, Temperley and her husband welcomed their first child, a son named Fox London Temperley von Bennigsen Mackiewicz. Looking for additional Fashion Designer biographies?",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Twingo, the Fluence and the Latitude are all models of car that are made by which company?",
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"content": "All Renault Models | List of Renault Cars & Vehicles (Page 2) Full List of Renault Models 144k views 102 items tags f t p @ Below you'll find a list of all the Renault cars & models on the road. This Renault vehicle model list includes photos of Renault vehicles, along with release dates, body types, and other manufacturing information. Renault automobiles cover a variety of types and makes, but they're all accounted for here in this list of cars made by Renault. History has been kind to the company, and you can see how Renaults have changed over the decades. Have you ever asked the question, \"Which cars are made by Renault?\" This list has the answers. Did you used to drive one of the old Renault cars on this list? Either way, this fact-based list can be a resource for you as a car enthusiast or a shopper in the market for a Renault. Cars on this list include the Renault Clio and the Renault Twingo. This list of car models made by Renault is a great way to see how Renaults vary and perform, so if you're in the market for a used Renault, then you're in exactly the right place. G Options B Comments & Embed 9",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; For womens basketball, the official basketball size is 28.5 inches in circumference (size 6) and what weight in ounces?",
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"content": "A Detailed List of Various Official Basketball Sizes Follow Us A Detailed List of Various Official Basketball Sizes The official size of a basketball is determined by the league officials, as well as the players. Scroll down the following article to know more about this subject. Advertisement It is important to know the game that you want to thoroughly pursue. Ever wondered what is the size of the basketball, which some of you might be adoring a lot? However inconsequential it might appear to be, it is essential to know this fact. The official measurements and league regulations for a basketball include its circumference, inflation pressure, and weight. In a few cases, the material or manufacturer may also be mentioned. Sizes and Specifications National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) - Women For a women's match, the NCAA states that the basketball used is of size 6. It has a circumference ranging between 28.5 and 29 inches, and weighs between 18 and 20 oz. When dropped from 6 feet, the bounce height should be between 51 and 56 inches. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) - Men The requirements of this association are not as stringent as compared to the National Basketball League (NBA) or International Basketball Federation (FIBA). A size 7 ball is the standard for men's tournaments. The circumference measures between 29.5 and 30 inches, and the ball has a weight in the range of 20 and 22 oz. Ultimately, there has to be a bounce 49 to 54 inches in height, if it is dropped from 6 feet. National Basketball League To begin with, the NBA basketball is produced by Spalding, and the official size for men's tournaments has to be 29.5 inches in circumference. With a weight of 22 oz., the ball can be inflated with a pressure range of 7.5 to 8.5 psi. These balls are made up of orange leather having black lettering, and are of size 7. For the women, the size is a little different. Again, mostly made by Spalding, the ball for women's NBA is smaller (size 6). The circumference ranges between 28.5 and 29 inches, and it weighs between 18 and 20 oz. It can be further inflated till a maximum pressure of 9 psi. The ball is made up of alternating orange and white leather patterns. International Basketball Federation (FIBA) The rules are very strict as far as FIBA is concerned about the ball used in its games. It has to be a size 7, and the name of the manufacturer and the serial number should be present on it. The circumference is 30.7 inches, and the weight is between 567 and 650 gm. When dropped from a height of 70.8 inches, the ball should bounce to a minimum height of 51.2 inches. These FIBA approved balls have to pass a series of stringent tests (For example, heat test and valve test). Official basketball height is not a plausible dimension, and hence, it is not standard anywhere. Juniors and Youngsters For the juniors, the NBA recommendations are basketballs of circumference of 27.75 inches, which is size 5, and weighing around 18 oz. For children who are still younger below the age of 7, it is suggested to use a ball with a circumference of 22 inches, and weight around 8 oz. Medha Godbole",
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trivia_qa_1505581
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; If you went directly south from France, which sea would you meet first?",
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{
"content": "France.com Where to Go - France.com Strasbourg in Eastern France Paris and its surroundings Paris. The City of Light. And of the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, the Sacré-Coeur, Montmartre, Saint-Germain, the Opéra and hundreds of attractions for every taste known to civilized mankind. A visit to Paris should include a day-trip to Versailles where French royalty brought the classical French style to its apex. Northern France It includes the administrative regions of: Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Heir to an industrial past, the region has turned towards tourism. It’s the entry place for British tourists coming on the chunnel or on hovercrafts from Dover. Don’t miss Lille, one of France’s most fun big cities. Picardie. Lovers of history will find many places to visit in this flat land: Amiens boasts one of the most beautiful French cathedrals, while the cities of Chantilly, Compiègne still evoke the royal atmosphere of their past. Senlis and Gerberoy take us back all the way to the Middle Ages. Western France It includes the official regions of: Brittany. Where the land meets the sea. Bretagne is a wonderfully unique land that has entranced man since the beginning of time. The rugged coast has some of the finest beaches in Europe. Normandy. Green pastures, fishermen villages famous cheese. D-day beaches and WWII tours mix with medieval art. Caen, Rouen, Bayeux, Honfleur, Deauville and Monet’s Giverny are where the tourists go. Pays de la Loire. Water is everywhere here between the sea and the Loire itself. Unjustly ignored by tourists from abroad, the region is getting renewed interest lately. Eastern France Alsace . The European region. Strong French and German influences. Lovely wine routes and oh, so, charming villages! Strasbourg, Colmar, Mulhouse is what you want to see. Burgundy. The land of fine wines. Dijon and the Cote d’Or. Beaune, Chablis, Auxerre and Macon are here. Knowledge of good wine is a not requirement to enjoy this region fully. Franche-Comté. Beautiful but rugged, this region has seldom appeared on the radar of travelers to France. It’s a fantastic homebase for a laid-back vacation of enjoying France’s rural culture. Central France Centre. Rolling 2 hours south of Paris, the ‘Valley of Kings’ is the king of valleys. Royal chateaus abound between Tours and Blois. A visit to Chambord, Blois, Amboise, Chenonceau is a must. Auvergne. A sparsely populated land of volcanic plateaus and large valleys with a love of nature and an impeccable standard for environment. It may be France’s most authentic region. Preferred by active vacationeers who crave the open-air and its majestic environment. South Eastern France Languedoc-Roussillon. Be tempted by the varied sites of this land of contrasts. Camargue extends to the sunny shores of the Mediterranean. Cathar castles stand proudly at the foot of the Pyrénées mountains, and the fortified city of Carcassonne and the 49-metre high Pont du Gard will instantly hold you spellbound. Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur. The sunny charm of France joie de vivre sparkles in Provence. Ever since fame was invented, The Riviera has been home to the rich and famous. Nice, Marseille, Cannes and St-Tropez are among the most visited spots. Rhône-Alpes. Outdoor enthusiasts will love the mountains and world-class ski resorts (Chamonix amongst them) as well as the many water sports in the Gorges de l’Ardèche. Lyon is known throughout the country as the place for fine gastronomic delights. South Western France Aquitaine. Bordeaux vineyards and the beaches of the Atlantic. The Basque Country. Castles and Medieval villages in Perigord. Biarritz, Pau and Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port are here. Big with wine lovers history buffs, river vacationeers and surfer dudes. Midi-Pyrénées. From the sea to the mountains the region is full of beautiful cities and villages, rich with history. Toulouse, the pink city, is a must see. Barges float quietly along the banks of the Canal du Midi for your delight. So where to go? Anywhere… Everywhere! Just think about it… France has among the world’s most beautiful islands, some of the w",
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trivia_qa_1505582
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"According to hippy guru Dr. Timothy Leary, what did you do before you \"\"drop out?\"\"\"",
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{
"content": "A Burnt-Out Case | The Nation A Burnt-Out Case If you are a current Subscriber and are unable to log in, you may have to create a NEW username and password. To do so, click here and use the “NEW USER” sign-up option. Log In A Burnt-Out Case A Burnt-Out Case A new biography of Timothy Leary reveals the mixed-up sociopath behind the \"turn on, tune in, drop out\" mantra. Print My intersection with LSD came at a time when Dr. Timothy Leary’s legacy had been watered down to near-flavorlessness. It went as follows: One tab of acid at a late-era Grateful Dead show at Soldier Field, where I hallucinated a giant eagle and got mocked by a nurse for wearing a necklace made of Fimo beads that I’d bought in Oregon; another tab two nights later, followed by eight hours of seeing vampires crawl across a leaky apartment ceiling in Evanston, Illinois; and about a quarter-tab in the spring of 1994, which led to a night of then-stereotypically freaky New Orleans French Quarter tourism. While Leary was going about the slow process of dying online in Beverly Hills, surrounded by web geeks who hadn’t been born when he began to expand his consciousness, I felt like I was sucking the fumes from a bus that had long since left the station. Ad Policy In these wretched drug days of widespread crystal-meth addiction, transcontinental Xanax-popping and speed-laced Mexican ditch weed posing as The Chron, it’s harder than ever to swallow the idea that mind-altering drug use could transform our staggering society. That prospect becomes even harder to entertain when you consider the most famous proponent of narcotics-fueled social change. Robert Greenfield’s comprehensive biography of Leary is an epically thrilling, wicked epitaph for the vain, bizarre, self-promoting guru who, depending on your perspective, either poisoned or blessed our culture with his ridiculous “turn on, tune in and drop out” mantra. As Greenfield boldly and correctly asserts, Leary was the “wrong man” to inherit the future of psychedelic research. Psychiatrist Humphry Osmond, who coined the term “psychedelic,” even compared Leary to Hitler–not for the magnitude of his crimes (which were absurd and, other than escaping from prison, arguably not even criminal) but for the transcendent quality of his sociopathic megalomania, which he parlayed into drug guru status. This 600-page tome doesn’t really begin to percolate until Leary starts taking drugs. Until then, it’s standard biography: Thoughts of an absent alcoholic father traumatize an intelligent but self-absorbed West Point dropout. A sad childhood leads our protagonist down the path to unfaithful husbandry. His first wife, the mother of his two children, commits suicide. That terrible event, which would shatter an ordinary life, barely seemed to affect Leary; if psychedelics are supposed to destroy the ego, they didn’t do a very good job with Tim Leary. The book quotes an anthropologist, experienced with tribal drug-taking cultures, who in the fall of 1960 said that peyote had “no place in our culture or our mythology. We don’t have anything that enables us to explain or deal with this and therefore I don’t think it is something we can introduce.” But by then it was too late. Leary had already slipped acid into the well. In Greenfield’s telling, the great decade began as self-parody in Cambridge, Massachusetts, while Leary was still a lecturer at Harvard. More specifically, it was Halloween, 1960. Leary was conducting sleazy, absurd drug “experiments” at his house. A houseguest ingested a lot of psilocybin. Meanwhile, Leary’s preteen daughter Susan was having a slumber party upstairs. The guest went upstairs and lay in the bed in the middle of the room. When Leary pulled him out, his guest referred to the girls as “middle-class bitches” who needed him to “stir them up a little.” Leary almost let him, deciding at the last second that the party was Susan’s “trip.” He said, “You have the right to do anything you want so long as you don’t lay your trip on anyone else.” What Greenfield refers to as “the first commandment of the psyche",
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trivia_qa_1505583
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which is the smallest state by area of the United States?",
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"content": "What Are the 5 Smallest States in the United States? By Matt Rosenberg Updated August 10, 2016. The United States is made up of 50 individual states that vary greatly in size. When talking about land area, Rhode Island ranks as the smallest. Yet, when we discuss population, Wyoming - the 10th largest state in area - comes in with the smallest population. The 5 Smallest States in Land Area If you're familiar with U.S. geography, you might be able to guess which are the smallest states in the country . Notice that four of the five smallest states are along the eastern coast where the states seem to be crammed into a very small area. Rhode Island - 1,034 square miles (2,678 square kilometers) Rhode Island is only 48 miles in length and 37 miles wide (77 x 59 kilometers). Rhode Island has over 384 miles (618 kilometers) of coastline. The highest point is Jerimoth Hill in Foster at 812 feet (247.5 meters). Delaware - 1,949 square miles (5,047 square kilometers) Delaware is 96 miles (154 kilometers) in length. At its thinnest point, it is only 9 miles (14 kilometers) wide. Delaware has 117 miles of coastline. The highest point is Ebright Azimuth at 447.85 feet (136.5 meters). Connecticut - 4,842 square miles (12,542 square kilometers) Connecticut is only 110 miles long and 70 miles wide (177 x 112 kilometers). Connecticut has 618 miles (994.5 kilometers) of shoreline. The highest point is the southern slope of Mt. Frissell at 2,380 feet (725 meters). Hawaii - 6,423 square miles (16,635 square kilometers) Hawaii is a chain of 132 islands, eight of which are considered principal islands. These include Hawaii (4028 square miles), Maui (727 square miles), Oahu (597 square miles), Kauai (562 square miles), Molokai (260 square miles), Lanai (140 square miles), Niihau (69 square miles), and Kahoolawe (45 square miles). Hawaii has 750 miles of coastline. The highest point is Mauna Kea at 13,796 feet (4,205 meters). New Jersey - 7,354 square miles (19,047 square kilometers) New Jersey is only 170 miles long and 70 miles wide (273 x 112 kilometers). New Jersey has 1,792 miles (2884 kilometers) of shoreline. The highest point is High Point at 1,803 feet (549.5 meters). The 5 Smallest States in Population When we turn to look at population, we get an entirely different look at the country. With the exception of Vermont, the states with the lowest population are among the largest in land area and they're all in the western half of the country. A low population with a large amount of land means a very low population density (or people per square mile). Wyoming - 563,626 people Ranks as the 10th largest in land area - 97,813 square miles (253,334 square kilometers) Population density: 5.8 people per square mile Vermont - 625,741 people Ranks as the 45th largest in land area - 9,614 square miles (24,900 square kilometers) Population density: 65.1 people per square mile North Dakota - 672,591 Ranks as the 19th largest in land area - 70,699 square miles (1,717,853 square kilometers) Population density: 1.1 people per square mile Alaska - 710,231",
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trivia_qa_1505584
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The only US Vice President in US history to have to resign because of criminal charges, the void created by what former governor of Maryland started Gerald Ford down the path to the presidency?",
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{
"content": "Richard Milhous Nixon, 37th President of United States (1913 - 1994) - Genealogy Richard Milhous Nixon, 37th President of United States Also Known As: Yorba Linda, Orange, California, United States Death: in New York, New York, New York, United States Place of Burial: Yorba Linda, Orange, California, United States Immediate Family: President of the United States, 1969-74 Managed by: Circa 1914 - California, United States Residence: 1920 - Placentia Township Yorba Linda Precinct Yorba Linda Village, Orange, California, USA Parents: Francis A Nixon, Hannah M Nixon Siblings: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: ... expected to take a quarter- back until former signal-caller Richard Nixon died In his honor they broke into his li- brary out in shuffle... Date: Jan 9 1913 - Yorba Linda, Orange, California, United States Death: Apr 22 1994 - Bronxville, Westchester, New York, United States of America Parents: Francis Anthony Nixon, Hannah Nixon Wife: First Lady Thelma Catherine Nixon Siblings: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: \"...in class. Associated Press__________________________ If Richard Nixon's profession was his passion was sports. More than any other wh... Date: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: \"...-caller Richard Nixon died. In his honor they broke into his li- brary out in shuffled some papers and decided to take the best Repub... Date: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: \"...-caller Richard Nixon died. In his honor they broke into his li- brary out in shuffled some papers and decided to take the best Repub... Date: Australian Newspapers Text: ... and the fear . 1 e / Spies who run rings around us PAGE 20 Nixon honoured in death Richard Nixon NEW YORK: Americans are mourning the de... Publication: Apr 24 1994 - Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: ... Tuesday. (US markets were closed on Wednesday for former President Richard Nixon's funeral.) Citibank chief economist Grant Bailey said ... Publication: Apr 30 1994 - Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: ... current heads of state also are expected to be present when Nixon, who died on Saturday night, is laid to rest on the grounds of the Ric... Publication: Apr 25 1994 - Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: ... funeral played out like a historic drama against the backdrop of Richard Milhous Nixon ... Advertising FAX 280 4884 40 pages All the Pre... Publication: Apr 29 1994 - Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia Page: brother About Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th president of the United States (1969-1974). During his administration the United States withdrew its military forces from Vietnam and informally recognized the government of the People's Republic of China. The Watergate scandal that occurred at the beginning of his second term brought Nixon to the verge of impeachment by the House of Representatives and led to his resignation, the first ever by a U.S. president. Early Career Born in Yorba Linda, Calif., on Jan. 9, 1913, Nixon was the second of Hannah and Francis Nixon's five children, all of whom were boys. Despite the economic difficulties and emotional tensions of the Nixon household, young Richard excelled in school, graduating second in his class from Whittier College (1934) and third in his class from Duke University law school (1937). From 1937 to 1942 he practiced law in Whittier, Calif. When the United States entered World War II, he worked briefly for the tire-rationing section of the Office of Price Administration in Washington, D.C., and then served in the navy as a supply officer in the South Pacific. Upon his return to Whittier after the war he entered politics, becoming the Republican candidate for Congress in California's 12th district. His first political campaign, in 1946, set the tone for many that would follow. Running against the liberal Democratic incumbent, Jerry Voorhis, Nixon suggested that Voorhis had dangerous left-wing tendencies. Nixon won easily and thereafte",
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trivia_qa_1505585
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Soave wine is produced in which country?",
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"content": "Soave Wine - A Guide to the Wines of Soave Soave Wine for this region? Soave is one of the best known white wine regions in Italy, located in the Veneto province just outside of Verona. This is a wine that has existed in some capacity in the area for centuries, though sadly, by the the 20th century, if there was a jug full of Italian white wine, chances are it was Soave. But things have changed since then and quality control efforts have improved Soave production greatly. Soave was actually the first region to receive a DOC classification, in 1936. The principal grape is Garganega, which was then allowed to blended with Trebbiano Toscano (same as Ugni used for brandy) and Pinot Bianco, which produced a very thin, nearly flavorless wine. The restrictions have changed and those two grapes have been banned from the blend. It now consists of a minimum 70% Garganega, with an allowable maximum 30% Trebbiano di Soave (Verdicchio) and/or Chardonnay. Most of the vineyards are located on the hillsides, around the Medieval town of Soave with Read more » Soave is one of the best known white wine regions in Italy, located in the Veneto province just outside of Verona. This is a wine that has existed in some capacity in the area for centuries, though sadly, by the the 20th century, if there was a jug full of Italian white wine, chances are it was Soave. But things have changed since then and quality control efforts have improved Soave production greatly. Soave was actually the first region to receive a DOC classification, in 1936. The principal grape is Garganega, which was then allowed to blended with Trebbiano Toscano (same as Ugni used for brandy) and Pinot Bianco, which produced a very thin, nearly flavorless wine. The restrictions have changed and those two grapes have been banned from the blend. It now consists of a minimum 70% Garganega, with an allowable maximum 30% Trebbiano di Soave (Verdicchio) and/or Chardonnay. Most of the vineyards are located on the hillsides, around the Medieval town of Soave with its magnificent castles and ancient walkways. The Soave Classico zone, which like Chianti refers to its classic and also highest quality viticultural area, is between Soave and Monteforte d’Alpone. There are also a sparkling Soave spumante and sweet Recioto di Soave. Soave Superiore is the DOCG classification introduced in 2002 to promote Soaves of the finest production quality. The Superiore zone encompasses wines produced both in and outside the boundaries of the Classico zone, spilling into the hillsides of Soave Colli Scaligeri and other hillside areas, but excludes other zones. It’s a bit nebulous, but mostly has to do with vine training practices (the Espalier system is the requirement) and yield restrictions. ~Amanda Schuster",
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trivia_qa_1505586
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which country is home to Tooheys beer?",
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{
"content": "Tooheys New | Tooheys Brewing | BeerAdvocate Tooheys Brewing Alcohol by volume (ABV): 4.60% Availability: Year-round No notes at this time. Added by BeerAdvocate on 06-04-2002 BEER STATS 3.25/5 rDev +27.5% look: 3.25 | smell: 3.25 | taste: 3.25 | feel: 3.25 | overall: 3.25 From can, pours Amber with thin white head which fades away very quickly. Aroma of grain, hops. Taste is some malts and a little hop bitterness. Not to bad. 157 characters look: 3.5 | smell: 3.25 | taste: 3.25 | feel: 3.5 | overall: 3.25 Format: a mid-brown 375mL stubby with the age-old Tooheys New macro label. Appearance: a solid amber in colour with plenty of chunky macro lager carbonation. A finger of white head drops to a thick cap. Sporadic lacing. Aroma: an aroma of proper grain (rather than cheap grain and adjuncts). Better than most macro lagers. Taste: again a touch better with those same flavours - Tooheys New surprises me a little whenever I have it (which is rare). There is a reason why this and VB are two of the most-bought macro lagers in the country. Aftertaste: more grains and husk here with the slightest touch of hop bitterness. Some sweetness too from indistinct origins. Mouth feel: moderate in feel with a higher carbonation to bring through that fantastically refreshing crispness. Overall: Tooheys New continues to surprise me when I occasionally drink it. It is one of the standard Aussie macro lagers, but there is a reason it is one of the mainstays in Australian pubs. It is a definite cut above most standard cheap macro lagers, and decent at AU$45 for a case of 24 x 375mL stubbies. Most importantly, one of my favourite pub beers wouldn't be an option without New (a 50/50 - or Black n Tan for you Americans - with half Tooheys Old and half Tooheys New). 1,263 characters 2.15/5 rDev -15.7% look: 2.5 | smell: 2.5 | taste: 2 | feel: 2 | overall: 2 Pretty grim. Looks a lot better than it tastes, but that's not saying much, believe me. Flavor a this beer is adjunct flavored grain with some generic sweet that wont go away. Not good. I feel a headache coming on. Weird body; almost feels like there's glycerin in it. Stay away from this beer. :You'll thank me 311 characters 2/5 rDev -21.6% look: 2 | smell: 2 | taste: 2 | feel: 2 | overall: 2 As a young, uninitiated whipper-snapper, this was my go-to beer, with the airwaves and pub signs enjoying marketing saturation from the Tooheys behemoth. This beer is a macro beer, no excuses offered. It is structured to move great volume at the expense of flavor, smell and texture. At least it’s cheap as chips, but you get what you pay for. Not a bad throw-down if you’re in the mood. The beer of choice for proud New South Welshmen. 440 characters look: 3.5 | smell: 2 | taste: 2.5 | feel: 3 | overall: 2.5 On tap on Magnetic Island. From notes. A - Poured bright and golden with decent carbonation. Good fluffy one finger white head, quite good lace and a half finger of retention. S - Very mild, grainy. T - Sweet grain, a little dusty, a little skunk as well. M - Sweet, grainy finish, with good carbonation, and a light to medium body. O/D - Faily inoffensive and forgettable. Not enough good flavour. Passable. 413 characters 2.56/5 rDev +0.4% look: 3 | smell: 2 | taste: 3 | feel: 2 | overall: 2.5 Toohey's New served with a Gomez A New Tide 2009 beer cozy out of a 375ml bottle. This beer has and industrial smell about it but some hoppy scents are present. Tastes cool and crisp, it accomplishes its goals but does nothing out of the ordinary. It's not something I would ever drink on purpose but certainly wasn't offended by it. 335 characters look: 1.5 | smell: 1.5 | taste: 2 | feel: 1.5 | overall: 1.5 330ml can poured into a pilsner glass... A- golden (*yawn*) standard foam (*yawn*) S- barley (*yawn*), maybe a hint of blah, blah, blah... T- just a notch better than your basic Miller product (*yawn*). basic lager (*yawn*) MF- (*yawn*) O- the charactor of this beer may be coma inducing (*yawn*). And, I am not referring to the alcohol content. Typical mass brewed pish (*yawn*). 385 characters 1.98",
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trivia_qa_1505587
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which dessert consists of a meringue cake with a crisp crust topped with whipped cream and fruit?",
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"content": "Pavlova Recipe & Video - Joyofbaking.com *Video Recipe* Pavlova Recipe & Video Pin It Pavlova (Pav) is a meringue cake that has a light and delicate crisp crust and a soft sweet marshmallow center. This lovely dessert is typically served with softly whipped cream and fresh fruit. There is a long standing debate about whether New Zealand or Australia invented this dessert, which has yet to be resolved. What we do know is that the name, Pavlova, was chosen in honor of the Russian ballerina, Anna Pavlova, who toured both New Zealand and Australia in 1926. A Pavlova is a meringue, and it is important when making any meringue that the egg whites reach maximum volume, so make sure your mixing bowl and whisk are clean and free of grease. Since we need just the whites of the eggs, the eggs will need to be separated. It is easier to do this while the eggs are still cold. Once separated, cover the egg whites and let them come to room temperature before using (about 30 minutes). Cover and refrigerate the egg yolks for another use. I like to use superfine sugar (castor) when making this meringue as it dissolves faster into the egg whites than regular granulated white sugar. You can make your own by processing 1 cup (200 grams) granulated white sugar in your food processor until very fine, about 30 - 60 seconds. To make the Pavlova first beat the egg whites until soft peaks form. Then add the sugar, one tablespoon at a time, and continue to beat until the meringue forms stiff and shiny peaks. Beat in the vanilla extract. With a rubber spatula, gently fold in the cornstarch and vinegar. (Adding these two ingredients will give the Pavlova a crust that is dry and crisp, with a soft marshmallow-like interior.) Australian Stephanie Alexander in her excellent book \"The Cook's Companion\" gives us a few pointers on how to tell a good Pavlova, \"if syrupy droplets form on the surface of the meringue, you'll know you have overcooked it; liquid oozing from the meringue is a sign of undercooking\". So it is best to cook the meringue in a slow oven and then to turn off the oven and let it cool slowly. The Pavlova can be made several days in advance of serving, if it is stored in a cool dry place, in an airtight container. A Pavlova is usually served with softly whipped cream and fresh fruit. (For a lower fat dessert, instead of whipped cream, try serving the Pavlova with a sorbet or fruit sauce ( Raspberry , Blueberry , or Strawberry would be nice) and fresh fruit.) Because of the sweetness of the meringue I like to offset the sweetness with tart flavored fruits. Passion fruit, kiwi, blackberries, blueberries, and raspberries are some of my personal favorites. Try to place the whipped cream and fruit on the meringue shortly before serving as the Pavlova will immediately start to soften and break down from the moisture of the cream and fruit. Related Recipes You May Like",
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trivia_qa_1505588
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Scaramanga’s servant Nick Nack is a character in which James Bond film?",
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"content": "Nick Nack | James Bond Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Share Nick Nack is fictional diminutive henchman. The character first appeared in the 1974 James Bond film The Man with the Golden Gun , portrayed by the late French actor Hervé Villechaize . In the early 1990s, a similar character appeared in the animated spin-off, James Bond Jr. as a member of the SCUM organisation.",
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trivia_qa_1505589
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; British musicians call it a semiquaver. What do American musicians call it?",
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"content": "Music Theory / Time / Sound and silence Total time is calculated by adding the notes and rests. Two quavers equal a crotchet. Four crotchets equal a semibreve. Eight quavers equal a semibreve. This music plays for 16 crotchets. How long is 16 crotchets in seconds? See Tempo later in this book of Time. Picture notes If you are learning to read music for the first time, it might help to see the notes in pictures. Every note begins with a note-head. The notehead is oval shaped. A semibreve is an empty notehead Notes shorter than a semibreve have a stem. A stem is a vertical line jutting up from the right or down from the left of the notehead A minim is a semibreve with a stem. A crotchet is a minim with a coloured notehead A quaver is a crotchet with a tail. A semiquaver is a crotchet with two tails. A demisemiquaver is a crotchet with three tails. A hemidemisemiquaver is a crotchet with four tails. Clap your hands to the beat. Tails are beamed to the beat. Here are some examples. 2 quavers beamed to a crotchet beat. 4 semiquavers beamed to a crotchet beat. 8 demisemiquavers beamed to a crotchet beat. In a crotchet beat two factors are important. Notes are beamed in multiples of 4. You can slice the beam (beat) in half. 16 hemidemisemiquavers beamed to a crotchet beat. Here are some more complex patterns. In these patterns the beat is equal to a crotchet, so you can count up to the value of a crotchet under every beam. Remember, we beam the beat. Beam (beat) 1. Quaver - Semiquaver - Semiquaver Beam (beat) 2. Semiquaver - Semiquaver - Quaver Beam (beat) 3. Semiquaver - Quaver - Semiquaver Music Theory",
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trivia_qa_1505590
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was the first presenter of the TV game show You Bet",
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{
"content": "You Bet! (TV Series 1988–1997) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Celebrities gamble on the outcome of a challenge performed by members of the public. Stars: a list of 19 titles created 21 Sep 2012 a list of 46 titles created 17 Aug 2013 a list of 488 titles created 14 Feb 2014 a list of 1911 titles created 10 months ago a list of 209 titles created 3 months ago Search for \" You Bet! \" on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Title: You Bet! (1988–1997) 7/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Add Image Add an image Do you have any images for this title? The series followed the wavering relationship between two ex-lovers, Penny Warrender, a secretary for an advertising firm, and Vincent Pinner, an ex ice cream salesman turned turf ... See full summary » Stars: Paul Nicholas, Jan Francis, Sylvia Kay The long-running words and numbers game. Stars: Carol Vorderman, Richard Whiteley, Susie Dent British general knowledge quiz show which spawned imitations around the world, notably in the USA. Stars: Anne Robinson, Jon Briggs, Adam Woodyatt The original British version of the quiz show that's become a worldwide hit. Host Chris Tarrant asks hopeful contestants a series of questions, each more difficult than the last. As the ... See full summary » Stars: Chris Tarrant, Eamonn Holmes, Stephen Fry Martin is a committee man. He has numerous schemes and committees organised around the neighbourhood. He is so obsessive about every detail of everything he does he is driving his long ... See full summary » Stars: Richard Briers, Penelope Wilton, Peter Egan Edit Storyline You Bet! is an anthology game show. Various members of the public bet that they can perform some kind of challenge - be it a stunt (such as driving a car through a slalom course on two wheels), a memory test (identifying songs or objects from a brief sample), or a skill (such as dribbling two basketballs over an obstacle course). The task is performed before three celebrities and 100 audience members, who will bet on the outcome of the challenge. The celebrities win points based on their correct bet and the percentage of the audience who bet correctly (for example, if the celebrity bets 'yes' on a challenge, and 79% of the audience also bet 'yes', if the challenger completes his challenge, the celebrity would get 79 points). The points of all celebrities and all correct audience responses are added together at the end of the show and multiplied. The corresponding amount of cash is donated to a charity of the winning celebrity's choice. The losing celebrity had to perform a 'forfeit', ... Written by J-Pikachu 20 February 1988 (UK) See more » Filming Locations: [a JCB driver has explained that the digger is flown around the world for demonstrations] Bruce Forsyth : I bet there's hells bells when you go through the metal detector! (Cardiff, UK) – See all my reviews After watching yet another Popstars/Pop Idol/Fame Academy type show last night, some friends and I had a conversation about what Saturday night TV used to be like in the UK before we became bombarded with non-stop talent shows populated by mostly talentless wanna-bes. During the conversation, You Bet! was mentioned and the memories came flooding back! The aim of the game was for celebrities to bet on the outcome of events such as 'Can this man identify every Queen song just from hearing the drum beat?' or 'Can this insane person jump over a row of Double Decker buses whilst on fire?' (that type was usually reserved for the finale). Exciting though this was, it got better. Firstly, audience participation was involved. The studio audience would also bet on the outcomes, and however many were right would earn the same amount in money for charity. Also, you could play along at home amongst the family of course. Secondly, if a",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Who recorded the duet \"\"Especially For You\"\" in 1988?\"",
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"content": "Kylie and Jason Especially For You Kylie And Jason Especially For You Passes One Million Sales In UK by Paul Cashmere on December 15, 2014 in News Kylie Minogue and Jason Donovan’s 80s pop classic ‘Especially For You’ has just sold over one million copies in the UK, 26 years after its release. The 1988 saccharine=coated hit came right at that time when Minogue and Donovan were massive television stars in England via Australian teen soap Neighbours although both had left the show by the time of its release. Kylie Monogue told officialcharts.com “I’m thrilled to hear ‘Especially For You’ has become a million seller! Although so much time has passed since Jason and I recorded it in Sydney with Mike Stock, it has the ability to transport us all back to that time. It’s so touching to have a song which has a place in so many peoples’ hearts and one which remains a huge fan favourite.” Despite being one of the biggest pop stars of all-time in the UK, ‘Especially For You’ is only Kylie’s second million seller. ‘Can’t Get You Out Of My Head’ is her biggest hit. ‘Especially For You’ is the 154th million seller in the UK. The song originally featured on Kylie’s ‘Enjoy Yourself’ album and Jason’s ‘Ten Good Reasons’, both released in 1989. In 2001 Kylie performed the song as a duet with Kermit The Frog. Both Kylie and Jason had left Neighbours by the time the single was released. Kylie’s last Neighbours appearance as Charlene Robinson was on July 28, 1988. Donovan’s was last seen as Scott Robinson on May 18, 1989. Jason had just released his debut single ‘Nothing Can Divide Us’ just prior to the release of ‘Especially For You’. It reached no 3 in Australia and no 5 in the UK. ‘Especially For You’ reached no 2 in Australia and no 1 in the UK in 1989. Jason went on to have 16 Top 14 hits in the UK. His ‘Ten Good Reasons’ album reached no 1 in England and has been certified 5x Platinum for sales of 1.5 million. ‘Especially For You’ was Kylie’s 5th UK hit. To date she has had 45 Top 40 hits in the UK. ——————————————————————————————————————————————",
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trivia_qa_1505592
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which English county is known locally as Kernow?",
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"content": "Kernow | Article about Kernow by The Free Dictionary Kernow | Article about Kernow by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kernow Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Cornwall, county (1991 pop. 469,300), SW England, administratively (since 2009) a unitary authority. Bodmin Bodmin, town (1991 pop. 11,992), Cornwall, SW England. Bodmin was the county seat for Cornwall, but local government offices are now in Truro. Bodmin was formerly a busy market for tin and wool. A 15th-century church stands there. ..... Click the link for more information. was the county seat, but the local government is now based in Truro. Cornwall is a peninsula bounded seaward by the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean and landward by Devon. It terminates in the west with the rugged promontory of Land's End Land's End, promontory, Cornwall, SW England, forming the westernmost extremity of the English mainland. Of wave-carved granite, it has cliffs c.60 ft (20 m) high. Offshore are reefs and rocky islets, on one of which is Longships Lighthouse. Land's End is a major tourist attraction. ..... Click the link for more information. . The region is a low-lying plateau, rising to its greatest height at Brown Willy (1,375 ft/419 m) in Bodmin Moor. The principal rivers are the Tamar, which forms most of the border with Devon, the Fowey, the Fal, and the Camel. In the lush river valleys are productive vegetable and dairy farms. The uplands are used for sheep and cattle pastures. The climate is mild and moist, with subtropical vegetation along the southern coast. Various types of fish are caught, including pilchard, that are not plentiful elsewhere in Britain. Engineering, ship repairing, rock quarrying, and tourism are major industries. Cornish tin and copper mines were known to ancient Greek traders, and during World War II the old mines were reworked. Cornwall's climate, coastal towns (Penzance, Falmouth, Land's End, and St. Ives), and the romance of its past, interwoven with Arthurian legend and tales of piracy, have made the region popular with tourists. Cornwall's history has been somewhat distinct from that of the rest of England. The Cornish language, related to the Welsh and Breton tongues, continues to survive, but all Cornish speakers have been bilingual since the 18th cent. The county was organized in the 14th cent. as a duchy. (The monarch's eldest son is the Duke of Cornwall.) Cornwall was slow to accept the Reformation. In 1549 thousands of Cornishmen marched to defend the Roman Catholic Church service. In the 18th cent. the Wesleyan movement took a firm hold in Cornwall, which has remained a predominantly Methodist area. Cornwall, industrial city (1991 pop. 47,137), SE Ont., Canada, on the St. Lawrence River. It manufactures cotton and rayon textiles, paper, chemicals, furniture, and electronic equipment. The Canadian headquarters of the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority and a campus of St. Lawrence College are in Cornwall. The Akwesasne (in the United States, St. Regis) Mohawk reservation lies across the river on the Quebec–New York boundary. Cornwall a peninsula in southwestern Great Britain. Bounded on the north by the Bristol Channel and on the south by the English Channel. Length, approximately 120 km; width, 72 km on the eastern part. The coasts are rocky and low and greatly indented by shallow bays, many of them rias. The Cornish Peninsula is composed of sandstone and shale, along with some granite. Plateaus (Dartmoor, altitude 621 m; and Exmoor) and hilly plains dominate the landscape. There are deposits of copper and tin. The climate is mild and oceanic, with warm winters. Annual precipitation, approximately 1,000 mm. A thick network of short, powerful rivers covers the peninsula. The prevailing forms of vegetation include broad-leaved forest (oak, beech), heath, and peat bog. Livestock is raised and early vegetables and flowers are grown. The Cornish Peninsula is also noted for its winter health resorts. The area’s main port is Plymouth. Cornwall",
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trivia_qa_1505593
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Sir Arthur Pearson founded which newspaper in 1900; the current editor is Hugh Whittow?",
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"content": "the-daily-express - The Press in Great Britain The Press in Great Britain the-daily-express Daily Express The Daily Express is a daily national middle market tabloid newspaper in the United Kingdom. It is the flagship title of Express Newspapers, a subsidiary of Northern & Shell (itself wholly owned by Richard Desmond). In July 2011 it had an average daily circulation of 625,952. History The Daily Express was founded in 1900 by Sir Arthur Pearson. Pearson sold the title after losing his sight and it was bought in 1916 by the future Lord Beaverbrook. It was one of the first papers to carry gossip, sports, and women's features, and the first newspaper in Britain to have a crossword. The Russian communist revolutionary Leon Trotsky wrote despatches for the paper following his expulsion from the Soviet Union in 1929. It moved in 1931 to 120 Fleet Street, a specially commissioned art deco building. Under Beaverbrook the newspaper achieved a phenomenally high circulation, setting records for newspaper sales several times throughout the 1930s. Its success was partly due to an aggressive marketing campaign and a vigorous circulation war with other populist newspapers. Beaverbrook also discovered and encouraged a gifted editor named Arthur Christiansen, who showed an uncommon gift for staying in touch with the interests of the reading public. The paper also featured Alfred Bestall's Rupert Bear cartoon and satirical cartoons by Carl Giles. An infamous front page headline of these years was \"Judea Declares War on Germany\", published on 24 March 1933. The Express had started printing in Manchester in 1927 and in 1938 moved to the 'Black Lubyianka' building on the same site in Great Ancoats Street. It opened a similar building in Glasgow in 1936 in Albion Street. Glasgow printing ended in 1974 and Manchester in 1989 on the company's own presses. Scottish and Northern editions are now printed by facsimile in Glasgow and Preston respectively by contract printers, London editions at Westferry Printers. In March 1962, Beaverbrook was attacked in the House of Commons for running \"a sustained vendetta\" against the British Royal Family in the Express titles. In the same month The Duke of Edinburgh described the Express as \"a bloody awful newspaper. It is full of lies, scandal and imagination. It is a vicious paper.\" At the height of Beaverbrook's time in control, he told a Royal Commission on the press that he ran his papers \"purely for the purpose of making propaganda\". The arrival of television and the public's changing interests took their toll on circulation, and following Beaverbrook's death in 1964, the paper's circulation declined for several years. During this period the Express, practically alone among mainstream newspapers, was vehemently opposed to entry into what became the European Economic Community. The Daily Express switched from broadsheet to tabloid in 1977 and was bought by the construction company Trafalgar House in the same year. Its publishing company, Beaverbrook Newspapers, was renamed Express Newspapers. In 1982 Trafalgar House spun off its publishing interests into a new company, Fleet Holdings, under the leadership of Lord Matthews, but this succumbed to a hostile takeover by United Newspapers in 1985. Under United's ownership, the Express titles moved from Fleet Street to Blackfriars Road in 1989. As part of a marketing campaign designed to increase circulation, the paper was renamed The Express in 1996 (with the Sunday Express becoming The Express on Sunday). Express Newspapers was sold to publisher Richard Desmond in 2000, by which time the names had reverted to Daily Express and Sunday Express. In 2004 the newspaper moved to its present location on Lower Thames Street in the City of London. On 31 October 2005 UK Media Group Entertainment Rights secured majority interest from the Daily Express on Rupert Bear. They paid £6 million for a 66.6% control of the character. The Express Newspaper retains minority interest of one-third plus the right to publish Rupert Bear stories in certain Express publications. Edit",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; With which bank was Paul Flowers associated?",
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"content": "Co-op bank considered Paul Flowers to be a 'perfect choice' as chairman | Business | The Guardian Co-op bank considered Paul Flowers to be a 'perfect choice' as chairman Co-op Bank's boardroom review shows Paul Flowers was praised by fellow directors for his 'thorough preparation' Former Co-operative Bank chairman Paul Flowers. Members of the board of the bank described Flowers as 'eloquent' and 'good at engaging people’s views'. Photograph: Press Association Close This article is 2 years old The disgraced Methodist minister Paul Flowers was described as the \"perfect choice\" to lead the Co-operative Bank, according to a review of its boardroom commissioned by its directors in 2010. The review, published by the Treasury select committee on Friday, says Flowers was praised by his fellow directors for his \"thorough preparation, his engagement with the CEO and executive team and his encouragement of non-executive participation without colouring the tone\". Flowers is facing allegations of buying illegal drugs just days after appearing before the Treasury select committee in November last year as part of its inquiry into why the Co-op failed to buy 632 branches from Lloyds Banking Group. He left as chairman of the bank – now just 30% owned by the Co-op Group of supermarkets, funeral homes and pharmacies after last year's £1.5bn rescue deal – in June last year, after becoming chairman in April 2010. He had joined the board a year earlier. According to the review, the 21 members of the board of what was then known as Co-operative Financial Services, were interviewed about their experiences and described Flowers as \"eloquent\" and \"good at engaging people's views\". \"He has radically changed the culture, which is now more open,\" the directors are reported as saying. The review of the effectiveness of the board was carried out between August and November 2010 by Tracy Long, whose company Boardroom Review was set up in 2004. A founding director of Classic FM, Long now sits on the board of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. She was not available to comment. The 21-page document – marked strictly private and confidential and \"not intended for external issue (including the Financial Services Authority)\" – was published after being requested during an evidence session with the former deputy chairmen of the bank Rodney Baker-Bates and David Davies . The leadership by the then chief executive, Neville Richardson, who left in 2011, is described as a \"breath of fresh of air\". The boardroom review, though, warns that the effectiveness of the board was hampered by its sheer scale – 21 people sat around the table. It also says that board meetings were \" akin to the United Nations\". One director told the review that \"if you need a microphone (to be heard at meetings) something is wrong\". It suggests that changes needed to be made to the board, which comprised six executive members of what was the co-op's financial services team, two members from the group executive team, five elected non-executive members and eight professional non-executives. When questioned about the review, Davies told the committee: \"Broadly – and this seems somewhat ironic now – the conclusions of Dr Long and the people who reported to her was that the chairman was a very good chairman and was leading the board effectively.\" During his appearance before the committee, Flowers said he had been through a rigorous process before becoming chairman and was one of four candidates. Baker-Bates, who had stood for the role, said he was told Flowers was selected because he did well in psychometric tests . Last November, Flowers was wrong-footed by the committee's chairman, Andrew Tyrie. He said the bank had assets of £3bn. The correct figure was £47bn. According to the review, the board's effectiveness was reduced by its lack of debate and challenge concerning long-term strategy and executive succession. It recommended that the board's agenda be prioritised more effectively and that board meetings be extended. It also highlighted concerns about executives being obverworked.",
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trivia_qa_1505595
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What series of books would you go to to read about Snowy, Captain Haddock, Professor Calculus and Thomson and Thompson?",
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"content": "The Adventures of Tintin: \"Tintin and the Explorers on the Moon\" - Comics series 17 by Herge | NOOK Book (eBook) | Barnes & Noble® Overview The original comics book of Tintin by Herge. Series 17. \"Tintin and the Explorers on the Moon\", published in 1954, is the seventeenth of The Adventures of Tintin. Its original French title is On a marché sur la Lune (\"We walked on the Moon\"). It is the second of a two-part adventure begun in Destination Moon. This Tintin comic series created by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. The story was serialised weekly in Belgium's Tintin Comics magazine from October 1952 to December 1953 before being published in a collected volume by Casterman Comics magazine in 1954. Completing a story arc begun in the preceding volume, Destination Moon (1953), the narrative tells of the young reporter Tintin, his dog Snowy, and friends Captain Haddock, Professor Calculus, and Thomson and Thompson who are aboard humanity's first manned rocket mission to the Moon. The story in this series: Explorers on the Moon series 17 continues from Destination Moon series 16, beginning with Professor Calculus taking Tintin, Snowy, Captain Haddock and Frank Wolff to the Moon in his new rocket. However, the detectives Thomson and Thompson come up from the hold, having mistaken the time of the launch and were left on board while carrying out the final security check, putting the expedition at risk due to the new strain on the oxygen supply, designed for four people and Snowy and now forced to accommodate six humans.The expedition remains fraught with difficulties. The Thompsons accidentally turn off the nuclear power motor, which stops the artificial gravity and sends everyone floating until Tintin restarts the motor. Haddock has smuggled some whisky aboard in hollowed-out books, becomes drunk, and engages in an unscheduled spacewalk that results in him briefly becoming a satellite of the asteroid Adonis. Tintin also dons a space suit to fetch him, and, in a very rare display of temper, berates the Captain for his recklessness. When the rocket engine must temporarily be shut down in order to execute the turnaround maneuver that will enable it to land on the Moon right side up, the momentary lack of artificial gravity also poses problems for Haddock, who has neglected to put on his magnetic boots in time. Additionally, Thomson and Thompson suffer a relapse of the condition caused by their ingestion of the energy-multiplying substance Formula 14 (see Land of Black Gold); as a result, they once more sprout thick hair that grows at lightning speed and frequently changes colour.The spacecraft eventually lands safely in the Hipparchus Crater, and by agreement among the crew, Tintin is the first to set foot on the Moon (the first human to do so). Everyone then gets a chance to walk about. Even the Captain enjoys it, but upon seeing the Earth, expresses unease over whether they will survive to see it again. Tintin character: Tintin is neither a surname nor a first name, Tintin is created from Hergé's subconscious desire to be perfect, to be a hero. The hero who everyone between 7 and 77 years old wants to be, or become while reading the Adventures of Tintin Comics. Tintin is created by his father Georges Remi, Hergé, the world renowned Belgian cartoonist. This spiritual heir is more than an adopted child! Hergé has stressed the fact that he raised Tintin, protected him, fed him just like a father would (Numa Sadoul, Tintin et moi, Casterman, p. 66) Over the years and in the course of the Adventures, Tintin surrounds himself with friends who became part his family so to speak. Among his friends, Snowy comes first. Admittedly he is a dog, but he is above all, the faithful friend of Tintin with a generous spirit. Secondly, Tchang appears in the family circle and becomes a lifelong friend of Tintin and almost a brother. Thirdly, Captain Haddock whose debut was to come a good ten years later is ready to sacrifice his own life for Tintin. Not forgetting all the others, Castafiore, Calculus, Thomson and Thompson who form Tintin's family circle. T",
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trivia_qa_1505596
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which country has two stacked triangles as its flag?",
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"content": "Vexillology - the Study of Flags Vexillology - The Study of Flags Vexillology - The Study of Flags Facts and Information About Flags The Kiribati flag is unique with a yellow bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean. Source: CIA World Factbook, 2007 By Katherine Schulz Richard, Geography Intern Updated August 31, 2015. Vexillology is the scholarly study of something seen very associated with geography - flags! The word comes from the Latin \"vexillum,\" meaning \"flag\" or \"banner.\" Flags originally helped ancient armies coordinate on the battlefield. Today, every country and many organizations have a flag. Flags can represent land or maritime boundaries and possessions. Flags are usually hoisted on a flagpole and flown so that everyone can be reminded of the values and history of the country. Flags incite patriotism and respect for those who lost their lives fighting for its values. Common Flag Designs Many flags have three vertical (pales) or horizontal (fesses) divisions, each of a different or rotating color. France's Tricolore has vertical divisions of blue, white, and red. Hungary's flag has horizontal bands of red, white, and green. The Scandinavian countries all have crosses of different colors on their flags, representing Christianity. Denmark's flag is the oldest flag design still in use, as it was designed in the 13th century. continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge Many flags, such as Turkey , Algeria , Pakistan , and Israel have images of religious symbols, such as crescents to represent Islam. Many countries in Africa have green, red, black, and yellow on their flags, representing people, bloodshed, fertile land, and hope for independence and peace (for example - Uganda and the Republic of the Congo ). Some flags show national coats of arms or shields, such as Spain . Vexillology Is Based on Colors and Symbols A vexillologist is someone who designs flags. A vexillographer studies flags and what their shapes, patterns, colors, and images represent. For example, the flag of Mexico has three colors - green, white, and red, formed in vertical lines of equal size. In the center is a picture of the Mexican coat of arms, a Golden Eagle eating a snake. This represents Mexico's Aztec history. Green represents hope, white represents purity, and red represents religion. Vexillographers also study the changes made to flags through time. For example, the previous flag of Rwanda had a large \"R\" in the middle. It was changed in 2001 ( new flag ) because the flag was largely seen as a symbol of the horrific 1994 Rwandan genocide. Prominent Vexillologists and Vexillographers There are perhaps two main authorities on flags today. Dr. Whitney Smith, an American, coined the term \"vexillology\" in 1957 when he was a teenager. Today, he is a flag scholar and helped create the North American Vexillological Association in the late 1960s. He runs the Flag Research Center in Massachusetts. Many countries have recognized his great abilities and asked for his help designing their flags. He was chosen to design the flag of Guyana in 1966. After studying the country's culture, economy, and history, he made green represent Guyana's agriculture, gold represents great mineral deposits, and red represents the people's great determination and love for their country. Graham Bartram is a British vexillologist who designed the most commonly used flag for Antarctica . It has a light blue background with a white map of Antarctica in the center. The United States Flag The United States' flag has thirteen stripes, for the thirteen original colonies, and one star for every state. The United Kingdom Flag The United Kingdom's flag, called the Union Jack , is a combination of the flags of patron saints St. George, St. Patrick, and St. Andrew. The Union Jack appears on the flag of numerous other countries and territories, which were historically or currently are possessions of the United Kingdom. Unusually Shaped or Designed Flags Every coun",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The ‘Tennis Court Oath’ was signed at the beginning of which revolution?",
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"content": "Third Estate makes Tennis Court Oath - Jun 20, 1789 - HISTORY.com Third Estate makes Tennis Court Oath Share this: Third Estate makes Tennis Court Oath Author Third Estate makes Tennis Court Oath URL Publisher A+E Networks In Versailles, France, the deputies of the Third Estate, which represent commoners and the lower clergy, meet on the Jeu de Paume, an indoor tennis court, in defiance of King Louis XVI’s order to disperse. In these modest surroundings, they took a historic oath not to disband until a new French constitution had been adopted. Louis XVI, who ascended the French throne in 1774, proved unsuited to deal with the severe financial problems he had inherited from his grandfather, King Louis XV. In 1789, in a desperate attempt to address France’s economic crisis, Louis XVI assembled the Estates-General, a national assembly that represented the three “estates” of the French people–the nobles, the clergy, and the commons. The Estates-General had not been assembled since 1614, and its deputies drew up long lists of grievances and called for sweeping political and social reforms. The Third Estate, which had the most representatives, declared itself the National Assembly and took an oath to force a new constitution on the king. Initially seeming to yield, Louis legalized the National Assembly under the Third Estate but then surrounded Versailles with troops and dismissed Jacques Necker, a popular minister of state who had supported reforms. In response, Parisians mobilized and on July 14 stormed the Bastille–a state prison where they believed ammunition was stored–and the French Revolution began. Related Videos",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which planet has a 'great red spot'?",
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"content": "Planet Jupiter: Facts About Its Size, Moons and Red Spot Planet Jupiter: Facts About Its Size, Moons and Red Spot By Charles Q. Choi, Space.com Contributor | November 14, 2014 12:59am ET MORE This photo of Jupiter was taken on Sept. 20, 2010 when Jupiter made its closest approach to Earth since 1963. (Uranus [insert] was visible through telescopes near Jupiter.) Credit: Jimmy Eubanks Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. Fittingly, it was named after the king of the gods in Roman mythology. In a similar manner, the ancient Greeks named the planet after Zeus, the king of the Greek pantheon. Jupiter helped revolutionize the way we saw the universe and ourselves in 1610, when Galileo discovered Jupiter's four large moons — Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, now known as the Galilean moons. This was the first time celestial bodies were seen circling an object other than Earth, major support of the Copernican view that Earth was not the center of the universe. Physical characteristics Jupiter is the most massive planet in our solar system , more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined, and had it been about 80 times more massive, it would have actually become a star instead of a planet. Its atmosphere resembles that of the sun, made up mostly of hydrogen and helium, and with four large moons and many smaller moons in orbit around it, Jupiter by itself forms a kind of miniature solar system. All told, the immense volume of Jupiter could hold more than 1,300 Earths. The colorful bands of Jupiter are arranged in dark belts and light zones created by strong east-west winds in the planet's upper atmosphere traveling more than 400 mph (640 kph). The white clouds in the zones are made of crystals of frozen ammonia, while darker clouds of other chemicals are found in the belts. At the deepest visible levels are blue clouds. Far from being static, the stripes of clouds change over time . Inside the atmosphere, diamond rain may fill the skies. The most extraordinary feature on Jupiter is undoubtedly the Great Red Spot , a giant hurricane-like storm seen for more than 300 years. At its widest, the Great Red Spot is three times the diameter of the Earth, and its edge spins counterclockwise around its center at a speed of about 225 mph (360 kph). The color of the storm, which usually varies from brick red to slightly brown, may come from small amounts of sulfur and phosphorus in the ammonia crystals in Jupiter's clouds. The spot grows and shrinks over time, and every now and again, seems to fade entirely. Jupiter's gargantuan magnetic field is the strongest of all the planets in the solar system at nearly 20,000 times the strength of Earth's. It traps electrically charged particles in an intense belt of electrons and other electrically charged particles that regularly blasts the planet's moons and rings with a level of radiation more than 1,000 times the lethal level for a human, damaging even heavily shielded spacecraft such as NASA's Galileo probe. The magnetosphere of Jupiter, which is composed of these fields and particles, swells out some 600,000 to 2 million miles (1 million to 3 million km) toward the sun and tapers to a tail extending more than 600 million miles (1 billion km) behind Jupiter. Jupiter spins faster than any other planet, taking a little under 10 hours to complete a turn on its axis, compared with 24 hours for Earth. This rapid spin makes Jupiter bulge at the equator and flatten at the poles, making the planet about 7 percent wider at the equator than at the poles. Jupiter broadcasts radio waves strong enough to detect on Earth. These come in two forms — strong bursts that occur when Io, the closest of Jupiter's large moons, passes through certain regions of Jupiter's magnetic field, and continuous radiation from Jupiter's surface and high-energy particles in its radiation belts. These radio waves could help scientists to probe the oceans on its moons. Composition & structure Atmospheric composition (by volume): 89.8 percent molecular hydrogen, 10.2 percent helium, minor amounts of me",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which creature has a symbiotic relationship with the Egyptian plover?",
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"content": "Animal Partnerships Animal Partnerships —By Arden Dore Imagine life without your best friend. Who would you hang out with and talk to about your problems? Life would be so lonely! You rely on your friends for companionship, fun, and support. Animals rely on each other, too. Some have lifelong relationships with other organisms, called symbiotic relationships. There are three different types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Mutualism: both partners benefit. An example of mutualism is the relationship between the Egyptian plover and the crocodile. In the tropical regions of Africa, the crocodile lies with its mouth open. The plover flies into its mouth and feeds on bits of decaying meat stuck in the crocodile’s teeth. The crocodile does not eat the plover. Instead, he appreciates the dental work. The plover eats a meal and the crocodile gets his teeth cleaned. Coincidentally, the Egyptian plover is also known as the crocodile bird. Commensalism: only one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. For example, remora fish are very bony and have a dorsal fin (the fin on the back of fish) that acts like a suction cup. Remora fish use this fin to attach themselves to whales, sharks, or rays and eat the scraps their hosts leave behind. The remora fish gets a meal, while its host gets nothing. Selfish, sure, but neither gets hurt. Parasitism: One organism (the parasite) gains, while the other (the host) suffers. The deer tick is a parasite. It attaches to a warmblooded animal and feeds on its blood. Ticks need blood at every stage of their life cycle. They also carry Lyme disease, an illness that can cause joint damage, heart complications, and kidney problems. The tick benefits from eating the animal's blood. Unfortunately, the animal suffers from the loss of blood and nutrients and may get sick.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In World War I, what did the Allies call the defence linethat was known as the 'Siegfried Line' to the Germans?",
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"content": "Siegfried Line S Siegfried Line The original Siegfried line (Siegfriedstellung) was a line of defensive forts and tank defenses built by Germany as a section of the Hindenburg Line 1916–1917 in northern France during World War I . However, in English, Siegfried line more commonly refers to the similar World War II defensive line, built during the 1930s, opposite the French Maginot Line , which served a corresponding purpose. The Germans themselves called this the Westwall, but the Allies renamed it after the First World War line. This article deals with this second Siegfried line. The Siegfried Line was a defence system stretching more than 630 km (391 mi) with more than 18,000 bunkers , tunnels and tank traps. It went from Kleve on the border with the Netherlands , along the western border of the old German Empire as far as the town of Weil am Rhein on the border to Switzerland . More with propaganda in mind than for any strategic reason, Adolf Hitler planned the line from 1936 and had it built between 1938 and 1940. This was after the Nazis had broken the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Treaties by remilitarizing the Rhineland in 1936. Origin of the name Westwall Today we can no longer know for certain the exact origin of the German name Westwall (West Wall). It is most likely that the name simply came into popular use from the end of 1938. Nazi propaganda did not initially use the term very much, but the name was well-known from the middle of 1939, as Hitler sent an \"Order of the Day to the soldiers and the workers at the Westwall\" on May 20, 1939. The official name for the line until then had depended on the programmes described in the next section of this article. The name \"Limes Programme\" for example was a deliberately misleading cover name, chosen to make people think of the archaeological research that had just finished at the Limes Germanicus (Upper Germanic and Rhaetian Limes). Construction programmes, 1938–1940 There were several distinct construction phases on the Siegfried Line: Border Watch programme (pioneering programme) for the most advanced positions (1938) Limes Programme (1938) Geldern Emplacement between Brüggen and Kleve (1939–1940) Western Air Defence Zone (1938) These programmes were all pushed forward with the highest priority, using every resource available. Typical basic construction types At the start of each construction programme, basic construction prototypes were laid out on the drawing board and then built, sometimes by the thousands. This standardisation of the bunkers (popularly known as Pillboxes) and tank traps was necessary because of the lack of raw materials, transport and workers. Pioneering Program For the main part of the pioneering programme, small bunkers were set up with three embrasures towards the front. The walls were only 50 cm (20 in) thick and provided no protection against poison gas . Soldiers stationed there did not have their own beds but had to make do with hammocks. In exposed positions, similar small bunkers were erected with small round armoured \"lookout\" sections on the roofs. All these constructions were already considered outdated when they were built and at best offered protection against small arms fire and shrapnel from bombs and grenades . The programme was carried out by the Border Watch (Grenzwacht), a small military troop which became activite in the Rhineland immediately after it was remilitarized. The bunkers were set up near the foreign borders. Limes programme The Limes Programme began as a result of an order by Hitler to strengthen fortifications on the western German border. Bunkers built in this phase starting in 1938 were more strongly constructed. The framework for each of this program's Type 10 bunkers probably took around 20 man hours to build and required around 287 m3 of concrete , the equivalent of two floors of an average size office block. The bunkers had a ceiling and walls 1.5 m (5 ft) thick, but this was proved completely insufficient even before construction was finished. A total of 3,471 Type 10 bunkers were built along the e",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Belgium, France, Italy, Netherlands and West Germany were five of the original members of the European Economic Community. Name the sixth.",
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"content": "Common Market founded - Mar 25, 1957 - HISTORY.com Common Market founded Publisher A+E Networks On March 25, 1957, France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg sign a treaty in Rome establishing the European Economic Community (EEC), also known as the Common Market. The EEC, which came into operation in January 1958, was a major step in Europe’s movement toward economic and political union. By 1950, it was apparent that centuries of Western European world supremacy was at an end. The national markets of Europe, isolated from each other by archaic trade laws, were no match for the giant market enjoyed by the United States. And looming over Europe from the east was the Soviet Union, whose communist leaders commanded vast territory and economic resources under a single system. Many European leaders also feared the resumption of conflict between traditional European antagonists such as France and Germany, which would only diminish the European economies further. As a means of improving Europe’s economic climate and preventing war, some influential statesman and political theorists suggested economic integration. The first major step in this direction was taken in 1951, when France and West Germany formed the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), integrating their coal and steel industries. French leaders proposed the organization primarily as a means of monitoring German industry, and West German leaders immediately agreed, to allay fears of German militarization. To supervise the ECSC, several supranational bodies were established, including an executive authority, a council of ministers, an advisory assembly, and a court of justice to settle disputes. Italy and the three nations of the Benelux Economic Union–Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg–soon joined. The groundwork for the EEC was laid. On March 25, 1957, representatives of six European nations signed two treaties in Rome. One created the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for the common and peaceful development of Europe’s nuclear resources. The other created the EEC. In the Common Market, trade barriers between member nations were gradually eliminated, and common policies regarding transportation, agriculture, and economic relations with nonmember countries were implemented. Eventually, labor and capital were permitted to move freely within the boundaries of the community. The EEC, the ECSC, and Euratom were served by a single council of ministers, representative assembly, and court of justice. In 1967, the three organizations were fully merged as the European Community (EC). Britain and other European nations initially declined to join the Common Market and established the weaker European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1960 as an alternative. By the early 1960s, however, the Common Market nations showed signs of significant economic growth, and Britain changed its mind. Because of its close ties to the United States, however, French President Charles de Gaulle twice vetoed British admission, and Britain did not join the EC until January 1973, when Ireland and Denmark also became EC members. Greece joined in 1981, Portugal and Spain in 1986, and the former East Germany as part of reunified Germany in 1990. In early 1990s, the European Community became the basis for the European Union (EU), which was established in 1993 following ratification of the Maastricht Treaty. The treaty called for a strengthened European parliament, the creation of a central European bank and common currency, and a common defense policy. In addition to a single European common market, member states would also participate in a larger common market, called the European Economic Area. Austria, Finland, and Sweden became members of the EU in 1995. As of early 2007, there were twenty-seven member states in total, and further growth was expected. More on This Topic",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What Louisville, Ky track is home to the Kentucky Derby, the annual race known as “The Fastest Two Minutes in Sports”?",
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"content": "Home | 2017 Kentucky Derby & Oaks | May 5 and 6, 2017 | Tickets, Events, News © 2017 Churchill Downs Incorporated . All Rights Reserved. Churchill Downs, Kentucky Derby, Kentucky Oaks, the “twin spires design”, and Churchill Downs Incorporated related trademarks are registered trademarks of Churchill Downs Incorporated.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In a nursery rhyme, who “came down too soon, and asked his way to Norwich”?",
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"content": "The Man in the Moon Came Down Too Soon - English Children's Songs - England - Mama Lisa's World: Children's Songs and Rhymes from Around the World The Man in the Moon Came Down Too Soon The Man in the Moon Came Down Too Soon Nursery Rhyme The man in the moon came down too soon To inquire the way to Norridge; The man in the South, he burnt his mouth With eating cold plum porridge. The Man in the Moon Came Down Too Soon Nursery Rhyme The man in the moon came down too soon To inquire the way to Norridge; The man in the South, he burnt his mouth With eating cold plum porridge. Here's a variation of this rhyme from The Nursery Rhyme Book: THE man in the moon, Came tumbling down, And ask'd his way to Norwich, He went by the south, And burnt his mouth With supping cold pease-porridge. You can find almost the same rhyme with the first two and last two lines reversed under the name \" The Man of the South He Burnt His Mouth \". Here's the version from The Real Mother Goose (1916): The Man in the Moon came tumbling down, And asked the way to Norwich; He went by the south, and burnt his mouth With eating cold pease porridge. Here's a slightly different version from The Little Mother Goose (1912), illustrated by Jessie Willcox Smith: The man in the moon Came tumbling down, And asked the way to Norwich. He went by the South, And he burnt his mouth, With eating cold pease porridge. Here's another old rhyme about the man in the moon from Holton-Curry Readers, Volume 2 (1914): The Man in the Moon as he sails the sky, Is a very remarkable skipper; But he made a mistake when he tried to take A drink of milk from the Dipper. He dipped it into the Milky Way, And slowly and carefully filled it; The Big Bear growled, and the Little Bear howled, And scared him so that he spilled it! Recording from Librivox's \"Mother Goose's Party\". Thanks and Acknowledgements This rhyme can be found in The Only True Mother Goose Melodies (published and copyrighted in Boston in 1833 by Munroe & Francis) as can the last illustration. The 1st illustration is from The Nursery Rhyme Book, edited by Andrew Lang and illustrated by L. Leslie Brooke (1897). The 2nd illustration is from The Real Mother Goose (1916), illustrated by Blanche Fisher Wright. 3rd illustration from The Mother Goose; Containing All The Melodies The Old Lady Ever Wrote, edited by Dame Goslin (1850), with some graphical editing by Lisa Yannucci. The 4th illustration is from The Big Book of Nursery Rhymes (circa 1920) edited by Walter Jerrold (1865 – 1929) and illustrated by Charles Robinson.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which British city was Guy Fawkes born and Dick Turpin killed?",
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"content": "Puzzles - Great Britain ... which you don't hear called 'Great' so often these days. 1. What is the only venomous snake in Britain? 2. Built in 1869, which famous British ship was named after a Scottish undergarment? 3. A British TV audience outnumbered a British radio audience for the first time for what special occasion? 4. In which British city would you find Arthur's Seat? 5. The popular British pub name \"The Royal Oak\" is named after which King? 6. What is the Welsh word for Wales? 7. What is the longest river in Scotland? 8. What is the oldest University in Britain? 9. In which British city was Guy Fawkes born and Dick Turpin killed? 10. Captain Matthew Webb, famous for swimming the English Channel, drowned in 1883 attempting to swim what? 1. What is the only venomous snake in Britain? Adder 3. A British TV audience outnumbered a British radio audience for the first time for what special occasion? Frau Battenberg's coronation 4. In which British city would you find Arthur's Seat? Edinburgh 5. The popular British pub name \"The Royal Oak\" is named after which King? Charles II who hid in oak trees after losing battles 6. What is the Welsh word for Wales? Cymru 2. Built in 1869, which famous British ship was named after a Scottish undergarment? Ought to be Cutty Sark (\"short shift\" ) 8. What is the oldest University in Britain? Oxford (unless you're talking to someone from Cambridge ... ) 7. What is the longest river in Scotland? The Dee? 9. In which British city was Guy Fawkes born and Dick Turpin killed? Ah ha! I know this, having been a recent tourist to: York [and we definitely think very highly of Great Britain, which is, in fact, a great place!] Frau Battenberg! well done all 10. Captain Matthew Webb, famous for swimming the English Channel, drowned in 1883 attempting to swim what? The rapids below Niagara Falls",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which county of Ireland would you find Blarney Castle, home of the Blarney Stone?",
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"content": "Blarney | Ireland | Britannica.com Blarney Drogheda Blarney, Irish An Bhlarna, village, County Cork , Ireland , 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Cork city, famous for Blarney Castle (c. 1446). Below the battlements on the southern wall of the castle is the Blarney Stone, reputed to confer eloquence on those who kiss it; this feat can be achieved only by hanging head downward. “Blarney” as an expression of dubiousness is attributed to Elizabeth I of England, who used it when impugning the worth of Lord Blarney’s promises. Blarney lies in wooded country. Tweed is manufactured there, as also are polypropylene sacks. Pop. (2002) 2,146; (2011) 2,437. Blarney Castle, County Cork, Ireland. G.F. Allen-Bruce Coleman Cork (county, Ireland) county in the province of Munster, southwestern Ireland. The largest county in Ireland, Cork is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean (south) and by Counties Waterford and Tipperary (east), Limerick (north), and Kerry (west). The county seat, Cork city, in the south-central part of the county, is... Cork (Ireland) seaport and seat of County Cork, in the province of Munster, Ireland. It is located at the head of Cork Harbour on the River Lee. Cork is, after Dublin, the Irish republic’s second largest conurbation. The city is administratively independent of the county. Blarney - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) The village of Blarney, 5 miles (8 kilometers) northwest of Cork, Ireland, is the site of a castle containing the Blarney Stone, a block with a Latin inscription giving the date of construction (1446) and builder’s name. According to legend, all who kiss the stone-by hanging head downward-gain the gift of eloquence. In modern English, the word blarney has come to mean \"flattering talk.\" The Blarney Woolen Mills produce tweed and knitwear. Population (2011 census), 2,437. Article History Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: August 24, 2012 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Blarney-Ireland Access Date: January 18, 2017 Share",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Chinstrap, Macaroni, Humboldt and Gentoo are all species of which creature?",
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"content": "Chinstrap Penguins Disclosure Chinstrap Penguins The Chinstrap penguins hold the distinction of being perhaps the boldest of all penguin species. The second largest group of penguin species, the Chinstraps are known for their aggressive pursuit of prey. Penguin name: Chinstrap penguins Size: About 27 inches tall Location: Southern Islands and Antarctic Peninsula What Do They Eat? Chinstrap penguins love to eat fish, krill and small crustaceans. Main Enemies: Leopard seals, Sheathbills and Brown Skua (foraging birds) photo by Martha de Jong-Lantink Did you know that Chinstrap penguins move on land like toboggans, sliding here and there on their stomachs? What a sight that must be, and very funny! They move themselves forward and in different directions with their feet and flippers. Another interesting thing about Chinstraps is that they can leap large distances, using their powerful flippers and “wings”. Are you wondering why they are called “Chinstraps”? They got the name because they have a band of black feathers that reaches from under their chin to each of their ears. This black-on-white stripe is quite noticeable when they lift their heads. Chinstrap penguins live in the Antarctic, but are also found in small groups south of New Zealand (near Australia) on the Balleny Islands. They not only eat what’s found in the water, but what they find on shore. They can dive up to 200 feet and swim nearly 20 miles per hour, then “climb” out of the water and up the steep, rocky slopes where they live. Chinstraps are rather unusual as parents. This is because in most penguin cultures, the penguin parents feed the strongest baby first. This is to ensure that the strong survive. However, Chinstrap penguins feed their babies equal amounts of food, no matter which baby is stronger than the other. Because the Chinstraps don’t always live in snow or ice covered land, their babies have a strong survival rate. If you ever find yourself near New Zealand, keep a close watch on the shore for signs of Chinstrap penguins. They will delight and amuse you for hours!",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who succeeded John Major as leader of the Conservative Party?",
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"content": "Conservative party: Heath, Thatcher, and Major Conservative party Heath, Thatcher, and Major In 1965, Edward Heath became the first leader chosen through election. Heath led a Conservative government from 1970 to 1974 that faced the problems of a stagnant economy and a declining international political position. In response, the party moved to curb the power of trade unions and encouraged more economic self-reliance. In foreign affairs, it continued the policy of restricting Great Britain's Commonwealth and international roles while expanding ties with Western Europe, as demonstrated by Britain's entry (1973) into the European Community (now the European Union [EU]). In 1974, the Conservatives lost two elections and Heath was replaced as party leader by Margaret Thatcher , the first woman to lead the party. Thatcher was prime minister from 1979 to 1990, the longest uninterrupted government of the 20th cent. Her government dismantled much of Britain's postwar welfare state, and the party became identified with free-market economic policies. In 1990, Thatcher's leadership was challenged by members of the party; in the ensuing elections, she was succeeded by John Major . Under his leadership, the Conservatives won the 1992 general election. The party received a resounding defeat in the 1997 elections, and Major was replaced as party leader by William Hague . In 2001 the party, which had come to be seen as anti–European Union, was again trounced at the polls by Labour, leading Hague to resign. Iain Duncan Smith was chosen to succeed Hague but served only two years as party leader before he was replaced by Michael Howard . The party made gains in the 2005 elections, but Labour's majority, though reduced, remained secure. Following the elections Howard announced his resignation, and David Cameron was chosen to succeed him. Cameron moved the party more toward the center, and in 2010 the Conservatives won a plurality. They formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats , and Cameron became prime minister. Sections in this article:",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which country did Albert Einstein move to as the Nazis rose to power?",
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"content": "Albert Einstein Listen to an audio version of this page. Sorry, your browser does not support the audio element, please consider updating. Albert Einstein Albert Einstein did not talk until he was three years old. Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, Germany. He attended school where he learned math and science. He was also taught at home. At home he learned Judaism and violin. He taught himself how to do geometry. Einstein felt that he would make a good math and physics teacher. In 1900, he graduated as a teacher. He had a very hard time finding a teaching job at a university. He took a temporary job as a high school teacher. That only lasted a short time. By 1902, he was working in an office that handed out patents on new inventions. He worked in the patent office for seven years. While working in the patent office, he wrote papers about his ideas on physics topics. His ideas were new and very good. In 1909, he was able to get a job teaching at a university. He continued to write about his ideas on physics. His ideas were so good that he was given the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Einstein was a very good scientist. He was also a good citizen. Einstein spoke out against the country in which he was born. He did not think that Germany should be fighting in World War I. Some Germans did not like the fact that he was speaking against his homeland. There were also some Germans that did not like the fact he was a Jew. Einstein went to the United States in 1932 to work at Princeton University. While he was in the United States, Nazis took control of Germany. Einstein spoke out against the Nazis that came to power in 1932. Once the Nazis were in control, he did not go back to Germany. He became a United States citizen in 1940. He contributed money to help the United States win World War II against Germany. Einstein became ill in 1949. He cut back on his travels and his workload. Einstein was so highly thought of that Israel offered him the job of President in 1952. He did not take the job because of his bad health. Einstein died in 1955 in Princeton, New Jersey. A Question",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which country is the tourist attraction Lake Bled?",
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"content": "Bled Bled In the midst of the Alps … … lies a town with the world renowned intact nature and idyllic formations it created. The intact nature invites you … … to explore its hidden corners and with numerous outdoor sporting activities. Unique views … … represent the finishing touch for romantic moments, mountain climbs and playful experiences. Premium packages Bled Castle entry fee Perched atop a steep cliff rising 130 metres above the glacial Lake Bled is a symbol of Bled and Slovenia – Bled Castle. from 5 € Check the availability A DIFFERENT NEW YEAR'S EVE Join the chain that will be created around the lake on the penultimate day of the old year. You will warm up with a cup of hot tea or mulled wine on the Festive Promenade, where a rich programme of entertainment will be await you. The exciting... from 92 €",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was born on the island of Corsica, exiled to the island of Elba, and died on the island of St. Helena?",
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"content": "This Week in History: Napoleon I born in Corsica in 1769 – World Book INK worldbookblog 1 Comment Napoleon I , also known as Napoleon Bonaparte, was born on the Mediterranean island of Corsica on Aug. 15, 1769. Then, as now, Corsica was a part of France . As a youth, Napoleon’s well-to-do parents sent him to a military school in France. In October 1785, he graduated from the elite military academy École Militaire in Paris , completing a two-year course in just one year. At age 16, he entered the French army as a second lieutenant. Napoleon’s skill, intelligence, and bravery earned him fast promotion. Napoleon returned to Corsica after the outbreak of the French Revolution (1789-1799). There, he joined the Jacobins , a radical group loosely dedicated to installing democracy in France. In early 1793, Napoleon rejoined the French army. In June, the Jacobins took control of the French government. By the end of the year, 24-year-old Napoleon was a brigadier general. At that time, France was at war with several European nations. Napoleon gained fame, and considerable power, for leading his troops to a number of key victories. In November 1799, Napoleon—seeing an opportunity amidst a weak, chaotic French government—seized power in a bold coup d’état. Napoleon became first consul—the head of a three-member Consulate. In 1801 and 1802, treaties with Austria and the United Kingdom brought peace to Europe for the first time in 10 years. However, the peace did not last long, as fighting resumed in 1803. In 1804, Napoleon established the Code Civil, a law code that still forms the basis of French civil law. Later that year, he crowned himself emperor, and the civil laws became known as the Code Napoleon . From 1805 to 1809, Napoleon won a string of victories over the armies of Austria, Prussia , and Russia . The laundry list of victories gave names to now-famous Parisian avenues, boulevards, and train stations: Ulm, Austerlitz, Jena, Auerstadt, Friedland, and Wagram. After each victory, Napoleon enlarged his empire, adding parts of modern-day Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Slovenia. Napoleon had reached his peak. In 1808, fierce fighting erupted in Spain . The Peninsular War, a grinding, bloody conflict, pitted French forces against the combined forces of the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Spain—recently a French ally. The war dragged on until 1813, costing hundreds of thousands of lives and ending in a bitter French defeat. In 1812, Napoleon led 600,000 troops in an invasion of Russia. That September, Napoleon’s army won a gruesome battle over the Russians at Borodino, and it occupied Moscow . The Russians refused to surrender, however. Lacking shelter and supplies to survive the harsh Russian winter, Napoleon’s army was forced to retreat. Starvation, cold, and Russian raids combined to decimate the French army as it pulled back. Just 100,00 returned to France. The Spanish and Russian campaigns had greatly reduced the numbers of the French army, yet Napoleon soldiered on. His troops fought a number of battles in Germany in 1813 before finally falling back to France, exhausted. By March 1814, the French army was so reduced it could not protect Paris, and the city fell to an alliance of enemies. Napoleon was exiled to the Mediterranean island of Elba, and France relinquished most of its empire. Undaunted, Napoleon escaped from exile and rallied yet another army in France, returning to power in March 1815. His longtime enemies—Austria, Prussia, Russia, and the United Kingdom—grimly gathered forces again, determined to end the fighting once and for all. On June 18, 1815, the French and British armies clashed on the now famous field of Waterloo , a boggy stretch of ground south of Brussels . The fighting was intense and bloody. Late in the day, just as the French neared victory, thousands of Prussian troops arrived. The French army, exhausted and now badly outnumbered, collapsed. Napoleon retreated to Paris, where he gave up power for the final time on June 22. He was exiled again, this time",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What name was given to the political and social movement that united the states of the Italian peninsula into the single country of Italy in the 19th century?",
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"content": "Italy | history - geography | Britannica.com list of prime ministers of Italy Italy, country of south-central Europe, occupying a peninsula that juts deep into the Mediterranean Sea. Italy comprises some of the most varied and scenic landscapes on Earth and is often described as a country shaped like a boot. At its broad top stand the Alps , which are among the world’s most rugged mountains. Italy’s highest points are along Monte Rosa, which peaks in Switzerland, and along Mont Blanc, which peaks in France. The western Alps overlook a landscape of Alpine lakes and glacier-carved valleys that stretch down to the Po River and the Piedmont. Tuscany, to the south of the cisalpine region, is perhaps the country’s best-known region. From the central Alps, running down the length of the country, radiates the tall Apennine Range , which widens near Rome to cover nearly the entire width of the Italian peninsula. South of Rome the Apennines narrow and are flanked by two wide coastal plains, one facing the Tyrrhenian Sea and the other the Adriatic Sea. Much of the lower Apennine chain is near-wilderness, hosting a wide range of species rarely seen elsewhere in western Europe, such as wild boars, wolves, asps, and bears. The southern Apennines are also tectonically unstable, with several active volcanoes, including Vesuvius, which from time to time belches ash and steam into the air above Naples and its island-strewn bay. At the bottom of the country, in the Mediterranean Sea , lie the islands of Sicily and Sardinia . Italy. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Odoacer Italy’s political geography has been conditioned by this rugged landscape. With few direct roads between them, and with passage from one point to another traditionally difficult, Italy’s towns and cities have a history of self-sufficiency, independence, and mutual mistrust. Visitors today remark on how unlike one town is from the next, on the marked differences in cuisine and dialect , and on the many subtle divergences that make Italy seem less a single nation than a collection of culturally related points in an uncommonly pleasing setting. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Across a span of more than 3,000 years, Italian history has been marked by episodes of temporary unification and long separation, of intercommunal strife and failed empires. At peace for more than half a century now, Italy’s 58 million inhabitants enjoy a high standard of living and a highly developed culture . Time-lapse video of Tuscany, Italy. Geoff Tompkinson/GTImage.com (A Britannica Publishing Partner) Though its archaeological record stretches back tens of thousands of years, Italian history begins with the Etruscan s, an ancient civilization that rose between the Arno and Tiber rivers. The Etruscans were supplanted in the 3rd century bce by the Romans , who soon became the chief power in the Mediterranean world and whose empire stretched from India to Scotland by the 2nd century ce. That empire was rarely secure, not only because of the unwillingness of conquered peoples to stay conquered but also because of power struggles between competing Roman political factions, military leaders, families, ethnic groups, and religions. The Roman Empire fell in the 5th century ce after a succession of barbarian invasions through which Huns, Lombards, Ostrogoths, and Franks—mostly previous subjects of Rome—seized portions of Italy. Rule devolved to the level of the city-state, although the Normans succeeded in establishing a modest empire in southern Italy and Sicily in the 11th century. Many of those city-states flourished during the Renaissance era, a time marked by significant intellectual , artistic, and technological advances but also by savage warfare between states loyal to the pope and those loyal to the Holy Roman Empire. Related Places Assisi Italian unification came in the 19th century, when a liberal revolution installed Victor Emmanuel II as king. In World War I, Italy fought on the side of the Allies, but, under the rule of the fascist leader Benito Mussolini, it waged war against the Allied powers i",
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trivia_qa_1505612
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In the 2004 film biopic Beyond the Sea, Kevin Spacey plays which 1960s singer?",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "Beyond the Sea (2004) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A swooning study of \"Mack the Knife\" singer Bobby Darin (Spacey) specifically, and his relationship with his wife Sandra Dee (Bosworth). Director: From $5.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON TV Lady Gaga Calls Tony Bennett 'Family' During Star-Studded 90th Birthday Concert: 'You Really Changed My Life' 20 December 2016 9:36 PM, -08:00 | Entertainment Tonight Johnny Depp Reveals What Type of Sandwich He Would Be During Hilarious Fan Q&A (Hint: It's Not Fancy) 30 March 2016 1:45 PM, -08:00 | PEOPLE.com a list of 27 titles created 26 Jun 2011 a list of 45 titles created 15 Aug 2011 a list of 28 titles created 25 Mar 2012 a list of 40 titles created 02 Jul 2014 a list of 43 titles created 2 months ago Title: Beyond the Sea (2004) 6.7/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 5 nominations. See more awards » Videos An emotionally-beaten man with his young daughter moves to his ancestral home in Newfoundland to reclaim his life. Director: Lasse Hallström A hot shot Washington DC lobbyist and his protégé go down hard as their schemes to peddle influence lead to corruption and murder. Director: George Hickenlooper Unable to cope with a recent personal tragedy, LA's top celebrity shrink turns into a pothead with no concern for his appearance and a creeping sense of his inability to help his patients. Director: Jonas Pate A troubled young man, Li faces pressure at work and problems at home with his moody wife. Chuck, rescues Li from the brink of despair and becomes an unlikely mentor. But who is Chuck really? Director: Dayyan Eng A young, naive Hollywood studio assistant finally turns the tables on his incredibly abusive producer boss. Director: George Huang Brilliant, flamboyant master criminal Michael Lynch is more interested in his image and his posterity than the actual profit from his ill-gotten gains. Director: Thaddeus O'Sullivan After 8 years in prison, inventor Robert Axle struggles to win over his estranged family and catch up on current technology as he works to once again become the king of the infomercial. Director: Trent Cooper Two veteran salesmen dissect a sales pitch to a particular client, through their young protégé. Director: John Swanbeck A young boy attempts to make the world a better place after his teacher gives him that chance. Director: Mimi Leder Edit Storyline Consummate entertainer Bobby Darin (1936-1973) is making a movie about his life. He's volatile, driven by the love of performing, ambition, perfectionism, and belief that he's living on borrowed time. He begins in the Bronx: a fatherless lad learning music and dance from his mom. His career starts slowly, then \"Splish Splash\" puts him at the top of the charts and on \"Bandstand.\" He wants to be an entertainer, not a pop star, so he aims for the Copacabana; then it's on to the movies, where he meets and marries Sandra Dee. After, it's balancing career, health, marriage and family life, balances he doesn't always keep. Throughout, conversations with his boyhood self give him perspective. Written by <[email protected]> BOBBY DARIN . . . in the era of cool he was the soundtrack. See more » Genres: Rated PG-13 for some strong language and a scene of sensuality | See all certifications » Parents Guide: 29 December 2004 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Bobby Darin Biopic See more » Filming Locations: £179,558 (UK) (26 November 2004) Gross: Did You Know? Trivia As research for his role of pop crooner Bobby Darin , Kevin Spacey attended several of Michael Bublé 's performances. See more » Goofs In the first scene when Bobby sings 'Mack the Knife' he tosses in an ad-lib by throwing a karate kick and shouting 'ah-so, Madame Myook.' This is based on an",
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trivia_qa_1505613
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Distaff is the female side or branch of a family – what is the male?",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "Distaff side - definition of distaff side by The Free Dictionary Distaff side - definition of distaff side by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/distaff+side Also found in: Thesaurus , Medical , Encyclopedia . distaff side the female side or branch of a family. Compare spear side dis′taff side` the female side of a family. [1885–90] distaff side , spear side - The female side of a family is the distaff side—the distaff being a stick used for holding yarn when spinning; the male side is the spear side. See also related terms for spinning . Translations distaff side [ˈdɪstɑːfˌsaɪd] n on the distaff side → per parte di madre Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Orchestra music to our ears at 16-1; DAVE MITCHELL on Epsom's 4.00 VALUE SCOPE In the distaff side, WWE Divas champion Paige will defend her crown against Tamina Snuka. BIRDS READY TO FLY; But the hunt is on for more drivers On the distaff side are Alice Coltrane, who melded organ and harp, Eastern religion and Western music, for Universal Consciousness (1972)/Lord Of Lords (1973), and the Shirley Scott Trio, from the Queen of the Organ, with For Members Only (1963)/Great Scott Abdulkarim races to victory It seemed almost stupid as to why the passport was being made such a big issue, since someone like Prakash Amritraj had played for India for years and on the distaff side, Shikha Uberoi and Sunitha Rao were no longer eligible to play for India. Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.",
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trivia_qa_1505614
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Green, Oolong, Black and Jasmine are all varieties of what?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Black Jasmine Tea | Harney.com | Harney & Sons Fine Teas Quantity $ 30.00 Back by popular demand, Jasmine Black, our black tea version of a favorite floral tea. Originally Jasmine teas were from green or slightly oxidized (pouchong) leaves. However, we were able to source a limited amount made of this black tea version from Fujian Province in China. It is difficult to find more, so get it while you can! Click to view Mike's Tea Ratings Briskness",
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trivia_qa_1505615
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"What is the \"\"Ishihara test\"\" for?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ishihara test | definition of Ishihara test by Medical dictionary Ishihara test | definition of Ishihara test by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Ishihara+test Ishihara test [ish″e-hah´rah] a test for color vision made by the use of a series of pseudoisochromatic plates or charts. Ish·i·ha·ra test (ish-ē-hah'rah), a test for color vision deficiency that uses a series of pseudoisochromatic plates on which numbers or letters are printed in dots of primary colors surrounded by dots of other colors; the figures are discernible by patients with normal color vision. Ish·i·ha·ra test (ē'shē-hah'rah test) Assessment for color vision deficiency that uses a series of pseudoisochromatic plates on which numbers or letters are printed in dots of primary colors surrounded by dots of other colors; the figures are discernible by observers with normal color vision. Ishihara,",
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trivia_qa_1505616
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; 250 million years ago, the Earth had one supercontinent. What was it called?",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "Facts About Pangaea The breakup of the Pangaea supercontinent. Credit: U.S. Geological Survey About 300 million years ago, Earth didn't have seven continents, but instead one massive supercontinent called Pangaea, which was surrounded by a single ocean called Panthalassa. The explanation for Pangaea's formation ushered in the modern theory of plate tectonics , which posits that the Earth's outer shell is broken up into several plates that slide over Earth's rocky shell, the mantle. Over the course of the planet's 3.5 billion-year history, several super continents have formed and broken up, a result of churning and circulation in the Earth's mantle , which makes up most of planet's volume. This breakup and formation of supercontinents has dramatically altered the planet's history. \"This is what's driven the entire evolution of the planet through time. This is the major backbeat of the planet,\" said Brendan Murphy, a geology professor at the St. Francis Xavier University, in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. History More than a century ago, the scientist Alfred Wegener proposed the notion of an ancient supercontinent, which he named Pangaea (sometimes spelled Pangea), after putting together several lines of evidence. The first and most obvious was that the \"continents fit together like a tongue and groove,\" something that was quite noticeable on any accurate map, Murphy said. Another telltale hint that Earth's continents were all one land mass comes from the geologic record. Coal deposits found in Pennsylvania have a similar composition to those spanning across Poland, Great Britain and Germany from the same time period. That indicates that North America and Europe must have once been a single landmass. And the orientation of magnetic minerals in geologic sediments reveals how Earth's magnetic poles migrated over geologic time, Murphy said. In the fossil record, identical plants, such as the extinct seed fern Glossopteris, are found on now widely disparate continents. And mountain chains that now lie on different continents, such as the Appalachians in the United States and the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, were all part of the Central Pangaea Mountains, formed through the collision of the supercontinents Gondwana and Laurussia. Pangaea formed through a gradual process spanning a few hundred million years. Beginning about 480 million years ago, a continent called Laurentia, which includes parts of North America, merged with several other micro-continents to form Euramerica. Euramerica eventually collided with Gondwana, another supercontinent that included Africa, Australia, South America and the Indian subcontinent. About 200 million years ago, the supercontinent began to break up. Gondwana (what is now Africa, South America, Antarctica, India and Australia) first split from Laurasia (Eurasia and North America). Then about 150 million years ago, Gondwana broke up. India peeled off from Antarctica, and Africa and South America rifted, according to a 1970 article in the Journal of Geophysical Research . Around 60 million years ago, North America split off from Eurasia. Life and climate Having one massive landmass would have made for very different climactic cycles. For instance, the interior of the continent may have utterly dry, as it was locked behind massive mountain chains that blocked all moisture or rainfall, Murphy said. But the coal deposits found in the United States and Europe reveal that parts of the ancient supercontinent near the equator must have been a lush, tropical rainforest, similar to the Amazonian jungle, Murphy said. (Coal forms when dead plants and animals sink into swampy water, where pressure and water transform the material into peat, then coal.) \"The coal deposits are essentially telling us that there was plentiful life on land,\" Murphy told Live Science. Pangaea existed for 100 million years, and during that time period several animals flourished, including the Traversodontidae , a family of plant-eating animals that includes the ancestors of mammals. During the Permian period , insects such as be",
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trivia_qa_1505617
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Marble Arch and St Paul's are stations on which London Underground line?",
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},
{
"content": "Central to 141 Hainault via Newbury Park Between Lancaster Gate and Marble Arch 1 min Central to 110 Epping Between Queensway and Lancaster Gate 2 mins Central to 142 Hainault via Newbury Park At Notting Hill Gate 4 mins Central to 102 Newbury Park Between Shepherd's Bush and Holland Park 6 mins Central to 007 Loughton Between White City and Shepherd's Bush 8 mins Central to 063 Hainault via Newbury Park Between East Acton and White City 12 mins Central to 010 Epping Left East Acton 13 mins Central to 047 Woodford Via Hainault Left North Acton 15 mins Central to 011 Epping Between Hanger Lane and North Acton Junction 18 mins Central to 073 Newbury Park At Greenford 24 mins Central to 143 Hainault via Newbury Park Between South Ruislip and Northolt 29 mins Central to 112 Northolt At Bond Street 1 min Central to 051 Ealing Broadway At Oxford Circus 2 mins Central to 322 West Ruislip At Tottenham Court Road 4 mins Central to 074 White City At Chancery Lane 6 mins Central to 023 West Ruislip Left St. Paul's 8 mins Central to 145 Ealing Broadway Between Bank and St. Paul's 9 mins Central to 024 West Ruislip Between Liverpool Street and Bank 11 mins Central to 305 Ealing Broadway At Bethnal Green 16 mins Central to 325 West Ruislip At Mile End 19 mins Central to 041 Ealing Broadway Between Stratford and Mile End 21 mins Central to 125 West Ruislip At Stratford 24 mins Central to 066 White City Between Leyton and Stratford 25 mins Central to 026 West Ruislip Between Leytonstone and Leyton 28 mins",
"role": "assistant"
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trivia_qa_1505618
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; A ‘Fresh Breeze’ is what number on the Beaufort Scale?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Beaufort Wind Scale Beaufort Wind Scale Developed in 1805 by Sir Francis Beaufort, U.K. Royal Navy Force Sea surface smooth and mirror-like Calm, smoke rises vertically Scaly ripples, no foam crests Smoke drift indicates wind direction, still wind vanes 2 Small wavelets, crests glassy, no breaking Wind felt on face, leaves rustle, vanes begin to move 3 Large wavelets, crests begin to break, scattered whitecaps Leaves and small twigs constantly moving, light flags extended 4 Small waves 1-4 ft. becoming longer, numerous whitecaps Dust, leaves, and loose paper lifted, small tree branches move 5 Moderate waves 4-8 ft taking longer form, many whitecaps, some spray Small trees in leaf begin to sway 6 Larger waves 8-13 ft, whitecaps common, more spray Larger tree branches moving, whistling in wires 7 Sea heaps up, waves 13-19 ft, white foam streaks off breakers Whole trees moving, resistance felt walking against wind 8 34-40 Gale Moderately high (18-25 ft) waves of greater length, edges of crests begin to break into spindrift, foam blown in streaks Twigs breaking off trees, generally impedes progress 9 41-47 Strong Gale High waves (23-32 ft), sea begins to roll, dense streaks of foam, spray may reduce visibility Slight structural damage occurs, slate blows off roofs 10 48-55 Storm Very high waves (29-41 ft) with overhanging crests, sea white with densely blown foam, heavy rolling, lowered visibility Seldom experienced on land, trees broken or uprooted, \"considerable structural damage\" 11",
"role": "assistant"
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trivia_qa_1505619
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Elizabeth Ann Bloomer was the maiden name of which US First Lady?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Betty Ford Biography :: National First Ladies' Library Chicago, Illinois Born in Lake View Hospital, Betty Ford spent the first weeks of her life with her parents and brother in an apartment in the East Rogers Park suburb of Chicago, but the family shortly after relocated to Denver, Colorado. By her second birthday, however, she was living in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the city she always considered her home. The family lived at 717 Fountain Street in the city; however, until 1932, the Bloomers lived for the three months of summer at a family cottage on Whitefish Lake, Michigan. *Although she later said that she had wished she had been called by her given name of Elizabeth, she was always addressed by the nickname Betty as a child and it became permanent. Father: William Stephenson Bloomer, born on 19 July, 1874, Roanoke, Illinois [although another source lists it as being in Indiana]; died on 18 July 1934, Grand Rapids, Michigan William Bloomer was a travelling salesman for a number of factory machine parts, most notably the Royal Rubber Company, which produced conveyor belts. Although there was some speculation that his sudden death may have been suicide, a coroner’s report stated that it was from accidental asphyxiation, poisoned by the scentless carbon monoxide, while he was working on his car in the enclosed garage. In later years, when she was beginning the process of recovery from alcohol addiction, Betty Ford disclosed that both her father and brother, Bob, had both suffered from the same disease. Mother: Hortense Neahr, born 11 July 1884, Chicago, Illinois; married first to William Bloomer on 7 November 1904, Chicago Illinois; married secondly to Arthur Meigs Goodwin, Chicago banker, in 1940, in Grand Rapids, Michigan; died on 20 November 1948, Hollywood, Florida Related to wealthy Grand Rapids furniture manufacturing families, socially prominent Hortense Neahr Bloomer worked in the unsalaried position of President of the Crippled Children Association of Grand Rapids. With her, Betty Ford frequently volunteered to work with children whose disabilities confined their limbs to braces. Between the death of her first husband and marriage to her second husband, Hortense Bloomer supported herself and three children by working as a real-estate agent. Betty Ford later reflected that the example of her mother’s independence would prove to be an important influence in shaping her views on equal pay for equal work policy issues. third of three; two brothers; William Bloomer, Jr. (1911 - ?), Robert Karl Bloomer (1913-?) Ancestry: No definitive ancestral study seems to have yet been conducted on Betty Ford. Her mother's maiden name of Neahr is one found among early Palatine Germans who settled in the Mohawk Valley, of Montgomery and Fulton Counties in New York State, many of whom later migrated to Michigan and northern Illinois. It could perhaps also be of Holland Dutch origin. Mrs. Ford's father's name of Bloomer and a further family surname, used as his middle name, Stephenson, would indicate an ancestry from England, although the names may have been Anglicized from other countries of origin. At one point, Mrs. Ford sought to discover if her father’s family had a genealogical connection to Amelia Jenks Bloomer, a 19th century suffrage, temperance and abolition advocate who popularized the first pants for women (which were then dubbed “bloomers” after her), but was unable to determine one. Education: Grand Rapids Public Grammar School, Grand Rapids, Michigan, September 1924-June 1932; Central High School, Grand Rapids, Michigan, September 1932-June 1936. Besides a traditional education in grammar school and high school, Betty Ford pursued the specialized study of dance: Calla Travis Dance Studio, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1926-1935. Under the direction of a local instructor, then-eight year old Betty Ford studied tap dance, ballet and modern movement. Dance became her great passion and one which she intended early on to pursue as a profession. Bennington College School of Dance, Vermont, Bennington,",
"role": "assistant"
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trivia_qa_1505620
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Chicxulub crater is a prehistoric impact crater buried underneath the Yucatan Peninsula in what country?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "\"Dinosaur-Killer\" Asteroid Crater Imaged for First Time \"Dinosaur-Killer\" Asteroid Crater Imaged for First Time National Geographic News March 7, 2003 A high-resolution map from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), released yesterday, has provided the most telling visible evidence to date of a 112-mile (180-kilometer) wide, 3,000-foot (900-meter) deep impact crater, the result of a collision with a giant comet or asteroid on one of Earth's all-time worst days. The existence of the impact crater, Chicxulub, was first proposed in 1980. In the 1990s, satellite data and ground studies allowed it to gain prominence among most scientists as the long sought-after \"smoking gun\" responsible for the demise of the dinosaurs and more than 70 percent of Earth's living species 65 million years ago. Digg StumbleUpon Reddit The relatively obscure feature is all but hidden in the flat limestone plateau of Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula. But using 3-D measurements of the Earth made with instruments on board an orbiting Space Shuttle, the remnants of the crater can now be seen clearly. \"There are spectacular features that pop out in these maps as never before, and more subtle features, like Chicxulub, become apparent for the first time,\" said Michael Kobrick, SRTM project scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, California. \"In fact, much of the surface expression of Chicxulub is so subtle; if you walked across it you probably wouldn't notice it. That's where the view from space becomes invaluable, \" Kobrick said. The Chicxulub data show a subtle, yet unmistakable, topographic indication of the impact crater's outer boundary: a semicircular trough 10 to 15 feet (3 to 5 meters) deep and 3 miles (5 kilometers) wide. Scientists believe the impact, centered off Yucatán's coast in the Caribbean, disturbed the subsurface rocks, making them unstable. The rocks were subsequently buried by limestone sediments, which erode easily. The crater rim's instability caused the limestone to fracture along the rim, forming the trough. Exactly how the Chicxulub impact caused Earth's mass extinctions is not known (see links below). Scientists imagine three possible scenarios: Some think the impact threw massive quantities of dust into the atmosphere which blocked the sun and arrested plant growth. Others believe sulfur released by the impact lead to global sulfuric acid clouds that blocked the sun and also fell as acid rain. Another possibility is that red-hot debris from the falling asteroid or comet triggered global wildfires. In February, NASA finished processing the SRTM mission's North America data set and delivered it to the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). More than eight terabytes of data recorded aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour were refined into 200 billion research-quality measurements of Earth's landforms. NIMA will perform additional data finishing and send it to the U.S. Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, for final archiving and distribution. Read More About Chicxulub:",
"role": "assistant"
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trivia_qa_1505621
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Natan Sharansky was released from prison in the USSR to begin a new life where?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Natan Sharansky - YouTube Natan Sharansky Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Apr 30, 2013 Natan Sharansky A little background: Sharansky was a Soviet refusenik. He became an advocate for human rights in the Soviet Union in the 1970s after he was refused a visa to travel to Israel. He endured 13 years of hard labor and solitary confinement before becoming the first political prisoner released by Gorbachev. He says he kept his sanity in prison by playing blind chess by himself. Sharansky also defeated World Chess champion, Garry Kasparov, in a game during a simultaneous chess exhibition event. Category",
"role": "assistant"
}
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trivia_qa_1505622
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which film is Cary Grant seen running into a field being pursued by a biplane?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "North by Northwest (1959) - Connections - IMDb North by Northwest (1959) Connections Showing all 294 items actors heads are changed with politician heads References Cary Grant whistles title song while hiding in Eva Marie Saint Chicago hotel room. Referenced in Sweeney! (1977) both john thaw & cary grant's characters are force fed a bottle of liquor by the villains and put back into their vehicles to drive away and have an 'accident' Someone's Watching Me! (1978) (TV Movie) The opening titles are a distinct reference to the 1959 Hitchcock film; with an animated grid fading into the face of a large building. Arizona Dream (1993) Paul runs away from Elaine's plane, just like Cary Grant did in North by Northwest, and says to himself that he hates that film. In another scene, Paul says he'll watch that film and kill himself during the plane scene, and that he hates that film. Tango (1993) when Vincent attack the lover of his wife with the plane the movie copies North by Northwest (plane against man near a cornfeld...) [sorry for bad english]",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
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