Split (2)

train · 1.43M rows

id stringlengths 8 27	messages listlengths 2 2
trivia_qa_1505923	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The central financial City of London is known as the (What?) Mile?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "London's Finance Industry Driving in London London's Finance Industry London has been the financial hub of the United Kingdom and a major trade and business centre since the Middle Ages. Today the city competes with New York City for the status of the world's major financial centre. Other emerging financial centres of the world such as Hong Kong and Shanghai gain ground, but cannot hope to displace London as the world's premier financial city in the near future. English trust laws and strong libel laws attract foreign business. Along with this, the city enjoys a strong advantage thanks to a well-entrenched commercial culture. Businesses may leverage the city's strong networking base and financiers. Business Districts Much of London's finance industry is located at the \"Square Mile\" or the \"City,\" the long standing business hub of London. The other major financial district is the Canary Wharf area, about four kilometres east of the City. Both these financial districts experience growth but restrictive planning policies within the City make Canary Wharf the first choice for most new firms. It is estimated that the financial services sector employs about 315,200 people within the City. Major Activities Apart from traditional banking activities and insurance, London also thrives as a centre for foreign exchange and bond trading. The city teems with many trading facilities and trading hubs in foreign exchange, futures, global insurance and bonds. The foreign exchange market has a daily global turnover of about 2.5 trillion GBP. London accounts for about 0.73 trillion or 36.5 percent of the pie. The Bank for International Settlements estimates that London generates 0.88 trillion or 46 percent of daily global revenue in the interest-rate derivative market. Major Institutions London has always been the seat of many multinational financial organisations. Some of the major financial institutions currently having their headquarters in London are: Bank of England The Bank of England is the UK's central bank. Established in 1694, this is the second oldest central bank in the world and the model on which central banks of other countries base themselves on. The bank was initially privately owned but nationalised in 1946. The bank sets UK's monetary policy, issues bank notes in England and Wales and regulates the issue of bank notes by commercial banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland. London Stock Exchange Established in 1801, the London Stock Exchange today enjoys a market capitalization of almost US$4 trillion. This makes it the largest stock exchange in Europe and the fourth largest in the world. The Alternative Investment Market, a subset of the London Stock Exchange, is a stock exchange for small firms. This exchange is relatively less regulated and has no requirements for capitalisation or number of shares issued, providing flexibility to small firms. Established in 1995, this exchange has raised about £24 billion for over 2,200 companies. London Bullion Market The London bullion market run by the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) under the overview of the Bank of England is the world's largest market for the wholesale trading in gold and silver. It finds patronage from almost all major international banks, bullion dealers and refiners all over the world. The average daily turnover is about 18.3 million ounces of gold and 107.6 million ounces of silver. Lloyd's of London Lloyds Banking Group is a financial conglomerate traditionally known for its insurance services but also offer retail banking, pensions, insurances and other private services. It has revenues of about £43.5 billion. HSBC The London headquarters of HSBC controls its sprawling network of 7500 strong offices spread across 87 countries. The bank offers personal financial services, commercial banking and private banking on a global scale. The present entity was established in 1991 but its roots trace to the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation established in 1865. Barclays Barclays ranks in the list of top ten financial institution of the world. It offe", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505924	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What sort of fish is an 'Arbroath Smokie'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A Smokie? \| Arbroath Smokies Gordon Ramsay Chef, restaurateur, author & presenter It has a rich creaminess and moisture, and fresh like that is undoubtedly the best way to eat Smokies. Martin Wishart …eye-opening, a revelation in taste and texture Nigel Slater Cook, food writer, author & presenter That flavour was just so immense… A delight to eat your food… This man is creating a whole new culinary education. Gary Rhodes Chef, restaurateur, author & presenter The moist warm flesh is divine. It is one of the best fish I have ever tasted. Sue Lawrence Simply some of the most delicious fish I’ve ever had. Nice one, Iain. Jamie Oliver So much you can do with a SmokieRecipes What Is A ‘Smokie?’ Arbroath Smokies originated in Auchmithie, a small fishing village a few miles north of Arbroath, once populated with fisher folk of Scandinavian origin; ‘Spink’ is a Norse surname. Iain uses the same methods that were used in the late 1800’s, as shown in the Fraser Collection photos . The fishwives originally smoked the fish in halved barrels with fires underneath, trapping the smoke under layers of hessian sacking. At the start of the 20th century the first Auchmithie fisher-folk began moving to Arbroath , and the process soon became known as the Arbroath Smokie, as we know it today. Only haddock can be used to produce an authentic ‘Arbroath Smokie.’ The fish are gutted at sea, washed and boxed ready for auction at the fish market. Once back in the fish house, they are headed and cleaned, or ‘sounded.’ They are then dry salted in tubs for a given period. This helps to draw excess moisture from the fish and toughens the skin in preparation for the smoking process. The length of salting time depends on the size of the fish and how fresh they are (amongst other factors). After salting, they are thoroughly washed off, then tied by the tail in ‘pairs’ and hung on sticks. The smokie pit is then prepared. A hole is dug in the ground, and a half whisky barrel is set into it. The base of the barrel is lined with slates to protect it, and a hardwood fire of beech and oak is lit inside. The sticks of fish are then placed over the pit and the hessian cover allows the fire to breathe and maintain the required heat. The number of layers and dampening of the ‘cloots’ depends on the weather, and may be adjusted throughout the smoking to prevent the fish either smoking too quickly and burning, or smoking too slowly and drying out. The cooking time is usually a minimum of 30–40 minutes but only an experienced smokie maker knows exactly when they are ready. The resultant golden brown fish, eaten straight from the barrel is a truly mouth-watering experience that has to be tasted to be believed! Some Smokie afficionados have even been moved to write poetry... A Few Of Our Awards BBC Radio 4 Food Producer of the Year 2006 Country Living/Sainsbury’s ‘Taste Of Britain’ Gold Award 2007", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505925	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which artist did Valerie Solanis attempt to murder in 'The Factory'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Andy Warhol Shot by Factory Actress Valerie Solanas \| Village Voice Andy Warhol Shot by Factory Actress Valerie Solanas Remember Me Or sign in with a social account: FACEBOOK GOOGLE + TWITTER YAHOO! Don't have an account yet? Sign Up › Connect. Discover. Share. Get the most out of your experience with a personalized all-access pass to everything local on events, music, restaurants, news and more. Enter your email or sign up with a social account to get started FACEBOOK TWITTER GOOGLE+ YAHOO! Don't have an account yet? Sign Up › Andy Warhol Shot by Factory Actress Valerie Solanas Tuesday, May 4, 2010 at 6 a.m. Clip Job: an excerpt every day from the Voice archives. June 6, 1968, Vol. XIII, No. 34 The Shot That Shattered The Velvet Underground by Howard Smith It was an ordinary afternoon at The Factory, the huge, new loft on the north side of Union Square which is the center of the Warhol scene. Sun came in the windows and gleamed off the mirror-topped desks. Paul Morrissey, Warhol's executive producer, and Fred Hughes, an assistant, sat around talking with Mario Amaya, a visiting art magazine editor from London. Suddenly the elevator doors opened and Andy Warhol walked into the loft with Valerie Solanis, a sometime write and super-woman-power advocate who had appeared in his film, \"I, a Man.\" She had come by The Factory earlier in the afternoon looking for Warhol, and had waited for him outside in front of the building for three hours. They walked over to talk with Morrissey, Hughes, and Amaya. It was typical Factory small talk, Hughes recalled. \"You still writing dirty books, Valerie?\" he asked. Upcoming Events Tickets Mon., Jan. 23, 7:00pm Hughes wandered off, and Morrissey took off to the bathroom. Then the telephone rang, and Warhol went to answer it. While he spoke with Viva, the reigning superstar, Valerie Solanis pulled a .32 automatic out of the pocket of her trench coat. Warhol turned and saw the gun. \"Valerie,\" he yelled. \"Don't do it! No! No!\" She fired three shots, and Warhol fell to the floor. Then she turned on Amaya, and shot him in the hip. Amaya fled to a back room in the loft and crashed through a door, breaking the latch with the impact. She pursued him, and tried to force the door open while Amaya held it closed with his body. Morrissey, meanwhile had heard the shots and ran to watch her through the small projection window. She then turned and walked back to Hughes who, terrified, begged her not to shoot. \"I have to shoot you,\" she told him. Hughes fell to his knees, pleading \"You can't. I'm innocent.\" Just as she seemed about to shoot, the elevator doors opened again and distracted her. \"She was very confused, very agitated,\" Hughes recalled. She turned back, pointing the gun at Hughes, who was still on his knees, pleading for his life, and then Valerie Solanis darted on the empty elevator and disappeared. Hughes called the police and an ambulance. Warhol lay on the floor, he said, still conscious and bleeding only slightly, but obviously in great pain. He seemed delirious, and cried \"I can't! I can't!\" Then photographer Billy Name came into the loft, saw Warhol, and went to him. Warhol heard him cry, but mistook it for laughter. \"Billy,\" he said softly, \"don't laugh. Don't make me laugh.\" The police arrived, and finally the ambulance, and Warhol was taken to Columbia Hospital. \"They thought he was dead at first,\" Morrissey said. But Warhol was alive, and was rushed to surgery, where a four-man team of doctors fought for five and a half hours to save him. Tuesday his condition was still listed as critical, and doctors gave him a 50-50 chance to live. While the doctors operated, friends, press, and superstars jammed the tiny lobby of the hospital. The press was voracious; the superstars responsive. In one corner Leo Castelli and Ivan Karp were being interviewed; in another, Viva and Gerard Malanga were being set up for photographs. Later, Warhol's mother, a tiny old woman wearing a babushka, was brought weeping out of the back room. Malanga and Viva went to comfort her, and a hospital attendant brought", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505926	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Hatha, Bikram, and Integral are all types of what?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "20 Most Popular Types of Yoga Explained Concisely By Ann Pizer - Reviewed by a board-certified physician. Updated October 06, 2016 One of the biggest hurdles to starting yoga is figuring out what kind you want to do. It's confusing because there are quite a wide variety of options available. Although almost all of them are based around the same physical postures, each has a particular unique emphasis. This cheat sheet highlights the differences so you can figure out what type is most appealing to you and get started now. To learn more, click though to a full length article on each style. Hatha Hatha is a very general term that can encompass any of the physical kinds of yoga. In contemporary yoga lingo, hatha has come to mean a slow-paced and gentle way of practicing. Hatha class can be a good place to begin a yoga practice because in provides an introduction to the basic yoga poses in a low key setting. Vinyasa Flow Like hatha, vinyasa is a general term that is used to describe many different types of classes. Vinyasa, tends to be a more vigorous style based on the performance of a series of poses called sun salutations , in which movement is matched to the breath. A vinyasa class will typically start with a number of sun salutations to warm up the body for more intense stretching that's done at the end of class. Vinyasa is also called flow, in reference to the continuous movement from one posture the next. Anusara Founded in 1997 by John Friend, Anusara combines a strong emphasis on physical alignment with a positive philosophy based on a belief in the intrinsic goodness of all beings. Classes are usually light-hearted and accessible, often with a focus on heart opening. As of 2012, Friend is no longer associated with Anusara following nearly a year of turmoil within the yoga system he founded over his personal indiscretions. Anusara is now a teacher-led yoga school and Friend has started a new yoga style called Sridaiva (see below). Ashtanga Ashtanga is a fast-paced, intense, flowing style of yoga founded by Pattabhi Jois in the 1960s. A set series of poses is performed, always in the same order. This practice is very physically demanding because of the constant movement from one pose to the next and the emphasis on daily practice. It was one of the first yoga styles embraced by a large number of western students and had been very influential in the evolution of yoga in the past 30 years. Baptiste Power Vinyasa Baron Baptiste is a power yoga innovator who studies many different styles of yoga, martial arts, and meditation before coming up with his own unique way of teaching yoga. His style is based on \"5 Pilllars\": vinyasa, ujjayi pranayama , heat, uddiyana bandha , and drishti . Classes, which are conducted in a heated room, are typically strong and sweaty. Bikram / Hot Yoga Hot yoga was pioneered by Bikram Choudhury, whose name became synonymous with yoga classes taught in a room heated to 95 to 100 degrees. The heat allows for the loosening of tight muscles and profuse sweating, which is thought to be cleansing. The Bikram method is a set series of 26 poses, but not all hot classes make use of this series. Iyengar Based on the teachings of the yoga master B.K.S Iyengar, this style of practice is all about bringing the body into its best possible alignment, often using props such as yoga blankets, blocks, and straps to assist students as necessary. Iyengar practice usually emphasizes holding poses over longer periods of time instead of moving quickly from one pose to the next (as in a flow class). Iyengar has been very important in the development of modern yoga asana . Jivamukti This style of yoga emerged in the 1980s from one of New York City’s best-known yoga studios. Jivamukti founders David Life and Sharon Gannon were influenced by the rigor of Ashtanga yoga (see above), in combination with chanting, meditation, and spiritual teachings. They have trained many teachers who have brought this style of yoga to studios and gyms, predominantly in the U.S. and Europe. Jivamukti classes are physically intense", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505927	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Whose assassination on 28 June 1914 sparked the war?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated - Jun 28, 1914 - HISTORY.com Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated Publisher A+E Networks In an event that is widely acknowledged to have sparked the outbreak of World War I, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on this day in 1914. The great Prussian statesman Otto von Bismarck, the man most responsible for the unification of Germany in 1871, was quoted as saying at the end of his life that “One day the great European War will come out of some damned foolish thing in the Balkans.” It went as he predicted. The archduke traveled to Sarajevo in June 1914 to inspect the imperial armed forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, former Ottoman territories in the turbulent Balkan region that were annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908 to the indignation of Serbian nationalists, who believed they should become part of the newly independent and ambitious Serbian nation. The date scheduled for his visit, June 28, coincided with the anniversary of the First Battle of Kosovo in 1389, in which medieval Serbia was defeated by the Turks. Despite the fact that Serbia did not truly lose its independence until the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448, June 28 was a day of great significance to Serbian nationalists, and one on which they could be expected to take exception to a demonstration of Austrian imperial strength in Bosnia. June 28 was also Franz Ferdinand’s wedding anniversary. His beloved wife, Sophie, a former lady-in-waiting, was denied royal status in Austria due to her birth as a poor Czech aristocrat, as were the couple’s children. In Bosnia, however, due to its limbo status as an annexed territory, Sophie could appear beside him at official proceedings. On June 28, 1914, then, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie were touring Sarajevo in an open car, with surprisingly little security, when Serbian nationalist Nedjelko Cabrinovic threw a bomb at their car; it rolled off the back of the vehicle and wounded an officer and some bystanders. Later that day, on the way to visit the injured officer, the archduke’s procession took a wrong turn at the junction of Appel quay and Franzjosefstrasse, where one of Cabrinovic’s cohorts, 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip, happened to be loitering. Seeing his opportunity, Princip fired into the car, shooting Franz Ferdinand and Sophie at point-blank range. Princip then turned the gun on himself, but was prevented from shooting it by a bystander who threw himself upon the young assassin. A mob of angry onlookers attacked Princip, who fought back and was subsequently wrestled away by the police. Meanwhile, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie lay fatally wounded in their limousine as it rushed to seek help; they both died within the hour. The assassination of Franz-Ferdinand and Sophie set off a rapid chain of events: Austria-Hungary, like many in countries around the world, blamed the Serbian government for the attack and hoped to use the incident as justification for settling the question of Slav nationalism once and for all. As Russia supported Serbia, an Austro-Hungarian declaration of war was delayed until its leaders received assurances from German leader Kaiser Wilhelm that Germany would support their cause in the event of a Russian intervention–which would likely involve Russia’s ally, France, and possibly Britain as well. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and the tenuous peace between Europe’s great powers collapsed. Within a week, Russia, Belgium, France, Great Britain and Serbia had lined up against Austria-Hungary and Germany, and World War I had begun. Related Videos", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505928	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What name is given to the sequence of numbers that begins 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Fibonacci Sequence Fibonacci Sequence The Fibonacci Sequence is the series of numbers: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ... The next number is found by adding up the two numbers before it. The 2 is found by adding the two numbers before it (1+1) The 3 is found by adding the two numbers before it (1+2), And the 5 is (2+3), and so on! Example: the next number in the sequence above is 21+34 = 55 It is that simple! Here is a longer list: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946, 17711, 28657, 46368, 75025, 121393, 196418, 317811, ... Can you figure out the next few numbers? Makes A Spiral When we make squares with those widths, we get a nice spiral: Do you see how the squares fit neatly together? For example 5 and 8 make 13, 8 and 13 make 21, and so on. The Rule The Fibonacci Sequence can be written as a \"Rule\" (see Sequences and Series ). First, the terms are numbered from 0 onwards like this: n = 8 ... (Prove to yourself that each number is found by adding up the two numbers before it!) In fact the sequence below zero has the same numbers as the sequence above zero, except they follow a +-+- ... pattern. It can be written like this: x−n = (−1)n+1 xn Which says that term \"-n\" is equal to (−1)n+1 times term \"n\", and the value (−1)n+1 neatly makes the correct 1,-1,1,-1,... pattern. History Fibonacci was not the first to know about the sequence, it was known in India hundreds of years before! About Fibonacci The Man His real name was Leonardo Pisano Bogollo, and he lived between 1170 and 1250 in Italy. \"Fibonacci\" was his nickname, which roughly means \"Son of Bonacci\". As well as being famous for the Fibonacci Sequence, he helped spread Hindu-Arabic Numerals (like our present numbers 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) through Europe in place of Roman Numerals (I, II, III, IV, V, etc). That has saved us all a lot of trouble! Thank you Leonardo. Fibonacci Day Fibonacci Day is November 23rd, as it has the digits \"1, 1, 2, 3\" which is part of the sequence. So next Nov 23 let everyone know!", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505929	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Qualcomm stadium is the home to what NFL team?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Qualcomm Stadium Seating Chart, Pictures, Directions, and History - San Diego Chargers - ESPN Directions HISTORY: The second-oldest stadium in the NFL (only Lambeau Field, built in 1957, is older), Qualcomm has served as home to the Chargers from its first year in 1967 and the Padres since 1969, until the Padres moved into a new stadium in 2004. The former Jack Murphy Stadium, \"The Murph,\" originally built to a capacity of 52,000 at a cost of $27 million, is notable for the ring of honor and banners of all 32 NFL teams. In 1997, Qualcomm was expanded by 11,500 seats, a club level, 37 new suites and a new west-end Jumbotron screen. With 19,000 parking spaces, Qualcomm's lot is the second-largest in the NFL. The expansion marked the second renovation at the stadium, the first coming in 1984. The stadium has hosted three Super Bowls -- XXII, XXXII and XXXVII. -- Information from the San Diego Chargers media guide was used in this overview SEATING NOTES: The seats located in the first 8 rows of the Field Level section may potentially have an obstructed view. Lower View seating includes Rows 1 to 4. View and Endzone View seating includes Row A followed by Rows 5 to 26. End Zone View Sections 54 to 58, Rows 5 to 26, are alcohol-free family seating areas. All tickets not specified by section name by the seller may map to a less premium section. Tickets for this venue should not be listed by section number only. Kids: Anyone who stands 36 inches in height or children older than 2 years of age require a game ticket. General: Qualcomm Stadium is a smoke-free facility. Food in a small, plastic bag and factory-sealed plastic water bottles half-liter or 17 ounces or less (limit two per person) are allowed into the stadium. Bottles, cans, coolers and bags larger than 12x12x12 are prohibited from entering the stadium. All items are subject to search or may not be admitted. Fans leaving the stadium before or during the game will not be allowed to re-enter. All purses and carried clothing are subject to search at the stadium entrances. There is no check-in area for coolers and other personal items. Enhanced security and search procedures at the gates will cause delays for fans entering the stadium. Fans should plan to arrive early. Address: Consult the Chargers team website for complete directions. Parking: The parking lot opens four hours prior to kickoff and closes two hours after the conclusion of the game. Tailgating remains one of the great traditions at Chargers games. See the team website for additional parking details. Transportation: Parking at Qualcomm Stadium can be expected to reach capacity two hours before kickoff. Consider taking public transportation. Qualcomm Stadium is accessible on the MTS Trolley's Green Line; purchase a $5 Day Pass at ticket vending machines before boarding. For more information on San Diego public transportation, visit the Metro Transit System website . SPONSORED HEADLINES", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505930	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Australian born Laura Robson is associated with which sport?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Australian Open 2014: Laura Robson & Heather Watson beaten - BBC Sport BBC Sport Australian Open 2014: Laura Robson & Heather Watson beaten By Piers Newbery BBC Sport at Melbourne Park 13 Jan 2014 13-26 January Coverage: Daily live radio and text coverage on BBC Radio 5 live, BBC Sport website, mobiles and BBC Sport app; Watch the finals live on BBC TV Laura Robson and Heather Watson were beaten as British interest in the women's singles ended swiftly at the Australian Open. Both players took on higher-ranked opposition in the first round, but the manner of their defeats differed sharply. Robson spent just 50 minutes on court in a 6-3 6-0 thrashing by 18th seed Kirsten Flipkens - the Briton's first full match of the season following a wrist injury. Analysis This was a hugely dispiriting defeat for Laura Robson, who says her left wrist will need further treatment before her next tournament in Paris in two weeks' time. The British number one was horribly rusty and made 32 unforced errors in just 50 minutes: a legacy of playing her first full match since early October. Heather Watson will be very frustrated to have lost a tight first-round match after battling through three rounds of qualifying, but she looks like her pre-glandular fever self, and in time should be confident of returning to the world's top 50. Watson, in contrast, kept 31st seed Daniela Hantuchova occupied for two hours and 34 minutes before going down 7-5 3-6 6-3 to the Slovakian. With both Robson and Watson scheduled among the opening matches, it took less than three hours for Andy Murray to be left as the lone Briton in singles competition. Robson, who turns 20 next week, arrived in Melbourne with a wrist injury but said before the match that it was no longer causing her any pain. A lack of match sharpness was certainly clear from the outset on Court Three, as she opened with four straight errors to drop serve and lost the first nine points in a row. There was a big cheer for the Australian-born Robson when she finally got on the board but Flipkens, a Wimbledon semi-finalist last year, was much the stronger. Robson simply could not find her range and racked up 32 errors to her opponent's four as she lost eight straight games and became the first player to go out of the tournament. \"It was up and down the whole time, and I don't think I ever really got into a rhythm at all,\" said Robson. \"I wasn't really able to deal with her slice that well. It just didn't go well. I definitely expected to play better, but it happens. \"And I didn't really have any expectations going in because I didn't know what it was going to be like out there.\" While Robson trooped unhappily back to the locker room, Watson was only just getting going on the nearby Court Two against Hantuchova. The 21-year-old from Guernsey, who came through three rounds of qualifying, recovered an early break in the first set but double-faulted facing a fourth break point at 5-5, and smacked her racquet in frustration. Hantuchova's heavier, flatter hitting had just given her the edge in the first set but Watson began to step in and attack the returns in the second, breaking twice to force a decider. Fighting spirit is rarely in short supply where Watson is concerned and she battled back from 0-40 in her first service game, before recovering from 4-1 down to trail 4-3. She had spent most of the match trying to keep pace with Hantuchova, however, and the pressure ultimately told when the Briton was broken for a fifth and decisive time. \"I felt I was close throughout the match,\" said Watson. Media playback is not supported on this device Australian Open 2014: Heather Watson positive despite first round defeat \"I started slow in the third set - I should have got up while she went to the bathroom [before the final set] and kept moving - but I had plenty of chances and didn't take them.\" Watson is ranked 121st after suffering with glandular fever in 2013, and she will slip further after failing to match last year's run to the third round in Melbourne. \"I feel like it's an opportunity lost for me,\" she added", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505931	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What algebraic system taught in present-day schools is one of the legacies of the philosopher René Descartes to which he lent his name?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "René Descartes Explained René Descartes Explained Metaphysics , epistemology , mathematics , physics , cosmology Influences: Plato , Aristotle , Archimedes , Alhazen , Al-Ghazali , [4] Averroes , Avicenna , Anselm , Augustine , Stoics , Aquinas , Ockham , Suarez , Mersenne , Sextus Empiricus , Montaigne , Golius , Beeckman , Duns Scotus [5] Influenced: Virtually all subsequent Western philosophy , especially Spinoza , Leibniz , John Locke , Nicolas Malebranche , Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet [6] Blaise Pascal , Isaac Newton , Immanuel Kant , Johann Gottlieb Fichte , Edmund Husserl , Noam Chomsky , Slavoj Zizek , David Chalmers Notable Ideas: Cogito ergo sum , method of doubt , method of normals , Cartesian coordinate system , Cartesian dualism, foundationalism , ontological argument for the existence of God, mathesis universalis , folium of Descartes René Descartes (; [7] in French ʁəne dekaʁt/; Latinized : Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form : \"Cartesian\"; [8] 31 March 159611 February 1650) was a French philosopher , mathematician , and scientist . Dubbed the father of modern western philosophy, much of subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, [9] which are studied closely to this day. He spent about 20 years of his life in the Dutch Republic . Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy continues to be a standard text at most university philosophy departments. Descartes's influence in mathematics is equally apparent; the Cartesian coordinate system —allowing reference to a point in space as a set of numbers, and allowing algebraic equations to be expressed as geometric shapes in a two- or three-dimensional coordinate system (and conversely, shapes to be described as equations)—was named after him. He is credited as the father of analytical geometry , the bridge between algebra and geometry, used in the discovery of infinitesimal calculus and analysis . Descartes was also one of the key figures in the scientific revolution . Descartes refused to accept the authority of previous philosophers, and refused to trust his own senses. He frequently set his views apart from those of his predecessors. In the opening section of the Passions of the Soul , a treatise on the early modern version of what are now commonly called emotion s, Descartes goes so far as to assert that he will write on this topic \"as if no one had written on these matters before\". Many elements of his philosophy have precedents in late Aristotelianism , the revived Stoicism of the 16th century, or in earlier philosophers like Augustine . In his natural philosophy , he differs from the schools on two major points: First, he rejects the splitting of corporeal substance into matter and form; second, he rejects any appeal to final ends —divine or natural—in explaining natural phenomena. [10] In his theology, he insists on the absolute freedom of God's act of creation. Descartes laid the foundation for 17th-century continental rationalism , later advocated by Baruch Spinoza and Gottfried Leibniz , and opposed by the empiricist school of thought consisting of Hobbes , Locke , Berkeley , and Hume . Leibniz, Spinoza [11] and Descartes were all well-versed in mathematics as well as philosophy, and Descartes and Leibniz contributed greatly to science as well. His best known philosophical statement is \" Cogito ergo sum \" (French: link=no\|Je pense, donc je suis; I think, therefore I am), found in part IV of Discourse on the Method (1637; written in French but with inclusion of \"Cogito ergo sum\") and §7 of part I of Principles of Philosophy (1644; written in Latin). [12] Life Early life Descartes was born in La Haye en Touraine (now Descartes , Indre-et-Loire ), France, on 31 March 1596. When he was one year old, his mother Jeanne Brochard died after trying to give birth to another child who also died. His father Joachim was a member of the Parlement of Brittany at Rennes . [13] René lived with his grandmother and with his great-uncle. Although the Descartes family was Roman Catholic, the Poitou region was controlled by the Protestant Huguenots. [14] In 1607", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505932	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Born on this day in 1971, what rapper, who was killed in a drive by shooting in Las Vegas in 1996, is recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the highest-selling rap artist, with over 75 million albums sold worldwide, including 4 posthumous albums that have gone platinum or better?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tupac Shakur · 2017 Tour Dates and Concert Tickets \| Thrillcall Track Artist for New Show Alerts Tupac Amaru Shakur (/ˈtuːpɑːk ʃəˈkʊər/ TOO-pahk shə-KOOR; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and actor. As of 2007, Shakur has sold over 75 million records worldwide. His double d... Tupac Amaru Shakur (/ˈtuːpɑːk ʃəˈkʊər/ TOO-pahk shə-KOOR; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and actor. As of 2007, Shakur has sold over 75 million records worldwide. His double disc albums All Eyez on Me and his Greatest Hits are among the best selling albums in the United States. He has been listed and ranked as one of the greatest artists of all time by many magazines, including Rolling Stone which ranked him 86th on its list of The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He is consistently ranked as one of the greatest rappers ever, as well as one of the most influential rappers of all time. Shakur began his career as a roadie, backup dancer and MC for the alternative hip hop group Digital Underground, eventually branching off as a solo artist. The themes of most of Shakur's songs revolved around the violence and hardship in inner cities, racism and other social problems. Both of his parents and several other people in his family were members of the Black Panther Party, whose ideals were reflected in his songs. During the latter part of his career, Shakur was a vocal participant during the East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry, becoming involved in conflicts with other rappers, producers, and record-label staff members, most notably The Notorious B.I.G. and the label Bad Boy Records. On September 7, 1996, Shakur was fatally shot in a drive-by shooting at the intersection of Flamingo Road and Koval Lane in Las Vegas, Nevada. He was taken to the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, where he died six days later. Early life Shakur's birth name was Lesane Parish Crooks, but in 1972, he was renamed after the last Incan emperor. was born on June 16, 1971, in the East Harlem section of Manhattan in New York City. He was named after Túpac Amaru II, the 18th-century Peruvian revolutionary who was executed after leading an indigenous uprising against Spanish rule. His mother, Afeni Shakur (born Alice Faye Williams), and his father, Billy Garland, were active members of the Black Panther Party in New York in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The infant was born a month after his mother was acquitted of more than 150 charges of \"Conspiracy against the United States government and New York landmarks\" in the New York \"Panther 21\" court case. Shakur lived from an early age with people who were involved with the Black Liberation Army and convicted of serious criminal offenses and who were imprisoned. His godfather, Elmer \"Geronimo\" Pratt, a high-ranking Black Panther, was convicted of murdering a school teacher during a 1968 robbery, although his sentence was later overturned. His stepfather, Mutulu, spent four years at large on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list beginning in 1982. Mutulu was wanted for having helped his sister Assata Shakur (also known as Joanne Chesimard) to escape from a penitentiary in New Jersey. She had been imprisoned for killing a state trooper in 1973. Mutulu was caught in 1986 and imprisoned for the robbery of a Brinks armored truck in which two police officers and a guard were killed. Shakur had a half-sister, Sekyiwa, two years his junior, and an older stepbrother, Mopreme \"Komani\" Shakur, who appeared in many of his recordings. At the age of twelve, Shakur enrolled in Harlem's 127th Street Repertory Ensemble and was cast as the Travis Younger character in the play A Raisin in the Sun, which was performed at the Apollo Theater. In 1986, the family relocated to Baltimore, Maryland. After completing his second year at Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, he transferred to the Baltimore School for the Arts, where he studied acting, poetry, jazz, and ballet. He performed in Shakespeare", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505933	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; General Gordon, Michelangelo and Cardinal Richelieu have all been played on screen by which actor?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Charlton Heston Dies at Beverly Hills Home \| Fox News Charlton Heston Dies at Beverly Hills Home Published April 06, 2008 Facebook 0 Twitter 0 Email Print LOS ANGELES – Charlton Heston, who won the 1959 best actor Oscar as the chariot-racing \"Ben-Hur\" and portrayed Moses, Michelangelo, El Cid and other heroic figures in movie epics of the '50s and '60s, has died. He was 84. The actor died Saturday night at his home in Beverly Hills with his wife Lydia at his side, family spokesman Bill Powers said. Powers declined to comment on the cause of death or provide further details. \"Charlton Heston was seen by the world as larger than life. He was known for his chiseled jaw, broad shoulders and resonating voice, and, of course, for the roles he played,\" Heston's family said in a statement. \"No one could ask for a fuller life than his. No man could have given more to his family, to his profession, and to his country.\" Heston revealed in 2002 that he had symptoms consistent with Alzheimer's disease, saying, \"I must reconcile courage and surrender in equal measure.\" With his large, muscular build, well-boned face and sonorous voice, Heston proved the ideal star during the period when Hollywood was filling movie screens with panoramas depicting the religious and historical past. \"I have a face that belongs in another century,\" he often remarked. The actor assumed the role of leader offscreen as well. He served as president of the Screen Actors Guild and chairman of the American Film Institute and marched in the civil rights movement of the 1950s. With age, he grew more conservative and campaigned for conservative candidates. In June 1998, Heston was elected president of the National Rifle Association, for which he had posed for ads holding a rifle. He delivered a jab at then-President Clinton, saying, \"America doesn't trust you with our 21-year-old daughters, and we sure, Lord, don't trust you with our guns.\" Heston stepped down as NRA president in April 2003, telling members his five years in office were \"quite a ride. ... I loved every minute of it.\" Later that year, Heston was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor. \"The largeness of character that comes across the screen has also been seen throughout his life,\" President Bush said at the time. He engaged in a lengthy feud with liberal Ed Asner during the latter's tenure as president of the Screen Actors Guild. His latter-day activism almost overshadowed his achievements as an actor, which were considerable. Heston lent his strong presence to some of the most acclaimed and successful films of the midcentury. \"Ben-Hur\" won 11 Academy Awards, tying it for the record with the more recent \"Titanic\" (1997) and \"The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King\" (2003). Heston's other hits include: \"The Ten Commandments,\" \"El Cid,\" \"55 Days at Peking,\" \"Planet of the Apes\" and \"Earthquake.\" He liked to the cite the number of historical figures he had portrayed: Andrew Jackson (\"The President's Lady,\" \"The Buccaneer\"), Moses (\"The Ten Commandments\"), title role of \"El Cid,\" John the Baptist (\"The Greatest Story Ever Told\"), Michelangelo (\"The Agony and the Ecstasy\"), General Gordon (\"Khartoum\"), Marc Antony (\"Julius Caesar,\" \"Antony and Cleopatra\"), Cardinal Richelieu (\"The Three Musketeers\"), Henry VIII (\"The Prince and the Pauper\"). Heston made his movie debut in the 1940s in two independent films by a college classmate, David Bradley, who later became a noted film archivist. He had the title role in \"Peer Gynt\" in 1942 and was Marc Antony in Bradley's 1949 version of \"Julius Caesar,\" for which Heston was paid $50 a week. Film producer Hal B. Wallis (\"Casablanca\") spotted Heston in a 1950 television production of \"Wuthering Heights\" and offered him a contract. When his wife reminded him that they had decided to pursue theater and television, he replied, \"Well, maybe just for one film to see what it's like.\" Heston earned star billing from his first Hollywood movie, \"Dark City,\" a 1950 film noir. Cecil B. DeMille next cast him as the c", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505934	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which state on the Pacific seaboard lies between California and Washington?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Pacific County -- Thumbnail History - HistoryLink.org Pacific County -- Thumbnail History By Virginia Story and the HistoryLink.org Staff Posted 10/26/2006 Tweet Pacific County, named after the Pacific Ocean, is perched at the southwestern corner of Washington state. The ocean forms its western border and the north shore of the Columbia River and Wahkiakum County form its southern border. Grays Harbor County lies to the north and Lewis County to the east. A distinctive geographical feature is the 30-mile-long Long Beach Peninsula, which meets the ocean on its western side and shelters Willapa Bay on its eastern side. In 1851 Pacific County was the third county created in what would become Washington Territory. The economic base of the area's indigenous Chinook and Lower Chehalis peoples as well as of early-arriving settlers was oystering, especially in Shoalwater (later Willapa) Bay, and fishing. Soon lumber became a predominant early industry, followed by cranberry farming, dairy farming, and later, vacationing and tourism. Pacific County's area is nearly 1,000 square miles and the 2005 population was about 21,000 people. The county's four incorporated cities are Raymond, South Bend, Long Beach, and Ilwaco. Of the 39 Washington counties, Pacific County ranks 28th in population and 30th in land area. Geography Pacific County lies within two geographic subregions of Washington state known as Coastal Plains and the Coast Range. The coastal area consists of a sandy plain characterized by \"shallow bays, tidal flats, delta fans and low headlands\" that lie between the ocean and the foothills of the Coast Range (Pacific County Agriculture). Long Beach peninsula has one of the longest continuous ocean beaches on the on the Pacific Coast. It is one-to-three miles wide and 30 miles long. The interior side of the peninsula contained bogs, shallow ponds, and lakes. Inland from the coast, the foothills were heavily forested with western hemlock, Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, western red cedar, and Pacific silver fir. The main hardwood trees are red alder and bigleaf maple. The climate is mild and damp but too cool and cloudy for most crops. First Peoples The Chinook Indians were original inhabitants of the lower Columbia River including the future Pacific County. There were more than 40 Chinook settlments in Pacific County, at the mouths of the Nemah, Naselle, Willapa, and Bone rivers, and at Nahcotta, Oysterville, Goose Point, Bruceport, Tokeland, and Grayland. The site of one of their main villages became Chinook. Along with the Lower Chehalis, the Chinook wintered along Shoalwater Bay. They spoke the Chinook language and traded (mostly fur, fish, and slaves) over thousands of miles with many different peoples. They were master navigators of sea-going canoes, and salmon and oysters formed the core of their economic base. Reflecting their long experience as traders, their name was given to the Chinook Jargon, a trade lingo that included terms from Chinook, English, French, and Nootka. The Chinook and the Chehalis were eventually decimated by introduced diseases. Many of their descendants, by accepting 80-acre allotments on the much larger Quinault Reservation, attained the privilege of Quinault treaty rights. The Shoalwater Indian Reservation, consisting of 334.5 acres, was established by an executive order signed by President Andrew Johnson on September 22, 1866. Pacific County's only reservation, it occupies 333 acres on the north shore of Willapa Bay, on the site of an ancient Chinook village. The non-treaty Indians of Shoalwater Bay made their living by fishing, crabbing, and oystering, selling their surplus to canneries much the same as non-Indians. Members of the present-day Shoalwater Bay Tribe are descended from Chinook, Chehalis, and other area tribes. The tribe has 237 enrolled members and a resident service population of 1,148. The tribal center at Tokeland serves both the tribe and the surrounding community. Today about 1,600 Chinook tribal members live at Bay Center on Willapa Bay and in South Bend -- both ancient village", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505935	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What number is neutral on the pH acid/alkali scale?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Acids, Alkalis and Neutral Substances \| S-cool, the revision website S-cool, the revision website Acids, Alkalis and Neutral Substances You are here Acids, Alkalis and Neutral Substances Submitted by Anonymous on 2. They are solutions of compounds in water. 3. If concentrated they can be corrosive. 4. Acids taste sour (for example, vinegar). 5. Turn blue litmus paper red - this is an easy test for an acid! 6. Usually react with metals to form salts. 7. Acids contain hydrogen ions. 8. Turn Universal Indicator from green to red, and have a pH less than 7. Examples of acids: are vinegar (ethanoic acid) and lemon juice (citric acid) magnesium + hydrochloric acid -> magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas Some common acids used in your laboratories at school will be: 1. Hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq) 1. They feel soapy to touch. 2. They are soluble bases. 3. Like acids, they can burn the skin. 4. They turn red litmus blue - this is how you test for an alkali! 5. Alkalis contain hydroxide ions (OH-). 6. They taste bitter. 7. Turns Universal Indicator from green to blue or purple. Some common alkalis used in your laboratories at school will be: 1. Sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq) 1. Litmus paper is not affected by neutral paper. 2. Tend to be harmless 3. Universal Indicator stays green. Common examples of neutral substances: 1. Water 2. Sodium chloride solution, NaCl(aq)(common salt) 3. Sugar solution C6H12O6(aq) The Strength of an Acid Acids and alkalis can be strong or weak! So how can we measure their strength? The strength of an acid or alkali is shown using a scale of numbers called the pH scale. The numbers go from 0-14. On the scale it follows that: An acidic solution has a pH number less than 7 An alkaline solution has a pH number greater than 7 A neutral solution has a pH number of exactly 7. You can find the pH of any solution using universal indicator. Universal indicator is a mixture of dyes. It comes as a solution or in paper. Universal indicator will change from green to a different colour depending on the pH of the solution you place it in. Note:", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505936	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which element is added to rubber in the vulcanization process?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Rubber vulcanization \| Article about Rubber vulcanization by The Free Dictionary Rubber vulcanization \| Article about Rubber vulcanization by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Rubber+vulcanization vulcanization (vŭl'kənəzā`shən), treatment of rubber rubber, any solid substance that upon vulcanization becomes elastic; the term includes natural rubber (caoutchouc) and synthetic rubber. The term elastomer is sometimes used to designate synthetic rubber only and is sometimes extended to include caoutchouc as well. ..... Click the link for more information. to give it certain qualities, e.g., strength, elasticity, and resistance to solvents, and to render it impervious to moderate heat and cold. Chemically, the process involves the formation of cross-linkages between the polymer chains of the rubber's molecules. Vulcanization is accomplished usually by a process invented by Charles Goodyear Goodyear, Charles, 1800–1860, American inventor, b. New Haven, Conn., originator of vulcanized rubber. He failed in his earlier business ventures and was in jail for debt when he began his experiments with rubber, searching for a way to prevent it from sticking and melting ..... Click the link for more information. in 1839, involving combination with sulfur and heating. A method of cold vulcanization (treating rubber with a bath or vapors of a sulfur compound) was developed by Alexander Parkes in 1846. Rubber for almost all ordinary purposes is vulcanized; exceptions are rubber cement, crepe-rubber soles, and adhesive tape. Hard rubber is vulcanized rubber in which 30% to 50% of sulfur has been mixed before heating; soft rubber contains usually less than 5% of sulfur. After the sulfur and rubber (and usually an organic accelerator, e.g., an aniline compound, to shorten the time or lower the heat necessary for vulcanization) are mixed, the compound is usually placed in molds and subjected to heat and pressure. The heat may be applied directly by steam, by steam-heated molds, by hot air, or by hot water. Vulcanization can also be accomplished with certain peroxides, gamma radiation, and several other organic compounds. The finished product is not sticky like raw rubber, does not harden with cold or soften much except with great heat, is elastic, springing back into shape when deformed instead of remaining deformed as unvulcanized rubber does, is highly resistant to abrasion and to gasoline and most chemicals, and is a good insulator against electricity and heat. Many synthetic rubbers undergo processes of vulcanization, some of which are similar to that applied to natural rubber. The invention of vulcanization made possible the wide use of rubber and aided the development of such industries as the automobile industry. Vulcanization a technological process in rubber production in which raw rubber is made into cured rubber. Vulcanization increases the durability, hardness, elasticity, and heat and cold resistance of raw rubber and lowers its degree of swelling and solubility in organic solvents. The essence of vulcanization is the joining of the linear macromolecules of raw rubber into a single, “sewn” system—the so-called vulcanization network. As a result of vulcanization, cross-links are formed between the macromolecules; the number and structure of the cross-links depend on the method of vulcanization. During vulcanization certain properties of the vulcanized mixture change with time, but they pass through a maximum or minimum rather than change constantly. The degree of vulcanization at which the rubber achieves the best combination of various physical and mechanical properties is called the optimal vulcanization. Mixtures of raw rubber with various substances that ensure the necessary useful qualities of the cured rubber (fillers such as carbon black, chalk, and kaolin; softeners; and preservatives) are usually vulcanized. In most instances, raw rubber for general use (natural rubber, butadiene, or butadiene-styrene) is vulcanized by heating it with elemental sulfur to 140°-160° C (sulfur vulcanization).", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505937	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In 1919, which French artist created his own version of the 'Mona Lisa', on which he drew a goatee and a moustache?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "L.H.O.O.Q. (Mona-Lisa-with-a-mustache) L.H.O.O.Q. (Mona-Lisa-with-a-mustache) 2012, oil on canvas, 19×29 cm Erich Kuby (1910-2005) The Bearded Lady and the Shaven Man - Mona Lisa, meet Mona/Leo There is no discontinuity between the Bachelor Machine and the Bride. Marcel Duchamp [1] In 1919, Marcel Duchamp drew a mustache and goatee on a reproduction of the Mona Lisa and called the resulting work L.H.O.O.Q. (Fig. 1). [2] Not quite three-quarters of a century after Duchamp’s graffito came what I think of as the sequel: Lillian Schwartz’s discovery that the chief model for the Mona Lisa was Leonardo da Vinci himself. Both acts are backward- looking in that their most immediate effect was to redefine the Mona Lisa itself. At the same time, both are prophetic in the way they project major shifts in the grounds of art as a system of knowledge. Fig. 1. Detail of L.H.O.O.Q., a 1919 work by Marcel Duchamp that is an altered collotype of the Mona Lisa. On the simplest level, Duchamp’s banal gesture nominated the Mona Lisa as a man. More exactly, Duchamp created a rudimentary sort of mask that reads instantly as male but does not even pretend to conceal the woman behind the mask. In a sense, L.H.O.O.Q. is an artificial hermaphrodite, an image of a woman with that most superficial and nonfunctional characteristic of maleness, a mustache. (The beard is superfluous to the effect of L.H.O.O.Q., and in one version of the piece does not appear at all.) [3] At the same time, L.H.O.O.Q. is not a hermaphrodite at all but an intensified or exposed woman. The Mona Lisa’s mustache can be read as an abbreviated, transposed beard and thus as a metaphor for her actual “beard,” or pubic hair. By transferring Mona Lisa’s beard from her pubic region to her face, Duchamp conceptually strips her naked: her clothes no longer conceal what they’re supposed to conceal. She is another embodiment of the central figure in Duchamp’s most famous work, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (also known as the Large Glass). Duchamp thus creates a kind of visual analog in which the face stands in for the sexual organs instead of merely alluding to them, as the lips normally allude to labia. [4] The mustache-over-lips structure directly echoes the pubic-hair-over-labia structure. In a sense, the entire woman has been vertically condensed into an amorphous package of flesh—a kind of head-to-genitals morph, to use an analogy from the digital world. Furthermore, this flesh package is recondensed through the title into one of the standard tags used to present women as nonindividuals: hot ass. [5] I am not trying to present a full reading of L.H.O.O.Q. here; rather, for reasons which will become clear later, I am consciously restricting my reading to a limited field that centers on issues of gender, sexuality, and identity. In short, my concern is with L.H.O.O.Q. as an instance of the Bearded Lady archetype. That any discussion of L.H.O.O.Q. can take off in many other directions is a tribute to the richness of Duchamp’s gesture, minimal as to form but maximal as to content. [6] Not the least of Duchamp’s achievements with L.H.O.O.Q. was to bring the Mona Lisa back from the dead. By attacking its iconic status, he removed it from historical time and brought it into the present, the only place where art can be experienced. L.H.O.O.Q. was actually an act of rescue (even if only temporarily) rather than an act of desecration. However, it did not rescue the Mona Lisa as a traditional painting, an object of primarily visual pleasure. The crude mustache functions as a scratch on the Renaissance picture window; it insistently draws our attention to itself and thus irreparably damages the illusion of which it fails to be a part. What L.H.O.O.Q. did do, on the other hand, was to nominate the petrified painting as a center of activity: a subject of debate, parody, paradox, criticism, thought, and reinvention. L.H.O.O.Q. simultaneously documents Duchamp’s thought processes and implicitly invites further interventions. As such, it is a paradigm of late modernist art;", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505938	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Yvonne, a runaway cow, evaded capture for three months during 2011 in which country?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Yvonne the runaway cow still missing after three months \| Daily Mail Online comments They seek her here, they seek here there, but those Bavarians still can't track down Yvonne the elusive cow and now she's popping up to taunt them on camera. The fugitive, dubbed the Scarlet Pimpernel of the bovine world, escaped from her farm in Zangberg, Germany, moments before she was due for a trip to the abattoir. Having successfully evaded capture for 92 days, Yvonne has now been spotted on a CCTV camera happily chewing the cud in a field of maize. Hide that hide: Yvonne pops her head out of a corn field near Zangberg, Germany, having been on the run for 92 days Catch me if you can: Yvonne appears to taunt her pursuers relaxing in the corner of a field near the town of Mühldorf in Bavaria, Germany A full-scale cow hunt has been underway for months under the name Operation Yvonne but every time the net closes in she somehow manages to give her pursuers the slip. A recent attempt to lure her out of the Bavarian forest where she is hiding failed because the bull, with which they were trying to woo her - described by its owner as the George Clooney of the bull world - turned out to have been castrated. The team then tried tethering her sister, Waltraut, to a tree in the hope that a friendly face would bring her out of hiding but that too proved unsuccessful. She was spotted last weekend when when she was in a near miss with a police car after which an order was issued to hunters to shoot her on sight. But this infuriated Germany's animal lovers who offered to buy her from the farmer and the shoot-on-sight order has been rescinded until Monday. German tabloid newspaper, the Bild, has put up a €10,000 reward for the safe return and they claimed an 11-year-old schoolboy had found a fresh hoofprint in woods near his home. Hans Wintersteller, the owner of a local animal sanctuary and co-ordinator of Operation Yvonne, told the Times: 'We know roughly where she is. 'But she always seems to keep on step ahead of us.' Experts now believe that when she first escaped she was taken in by a herd of deer who taught her how to evade capture by foraging at night and lying low during the day. One of the more desperate attempts to get hold of Yvonne was to try using an animal psychic to contact her and tell her to come home. Most wanted: Animal lovers were upset when an order was given to shoot Yvonne on sight so they offered to buy her from the farmer Sisterly love: Not even Yvonne's sister, Waltraut (pictured), has been able to lure her home Before she escaped she was fattened up and ready to be taken to the slaughterhouse where she would have been made into sausage meat. It is estimated that she would have shed around 200lb in weight since breaking free. Members of the sanctuary have now embarked on a mission to find another bull to tempt Yvonne from her woodland hideaway. As those who want to save her and those who want to eat her race to find the cow, her fame continues to grow and one newspaper described her as a 'freedom fighter'. A helicopter has been leased to track her down and the next step is to take her two-year-old son, Friesi. The cow has been on the run since escaping and evading slaughter on May 24", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505939	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The seeds of the nux vomica tree contain which poison?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Poison nut \| Article about Poison nut by The Free Dictionary Poison nut \| Article about Poison nut by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Poison+nut Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Medical , Wikipedia . nux vomica (nŭks vŏm`əkə), bitter-tasting drug obtained from the poisonous seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica, a tree that grows in Sri Lanka, India, and N Australia. The dried seeds contain strychnine strychnine , bitter alkaloid drug derived from the seeds of a tree, Strychnos nux-vomica, native to Sri Lanka, Australia, and India. It has been used as a rat poison for five centuries, and rat biscuits still remain a cause of accidental poisoning in humans. ..... Click the link for more information. and brucine, both colorless crystalline alkaloids, as well as sugar, acid, and oil. In the past nux vomica was used as a tonic in the form of a tincture, or alcoholic solution, but it is not used in modern medicine. In minute quantities it has a powerful peristaltic action on the intestines and in larger doses causes convulsions and death. Nux Vomica (Strychnos nux-vomica), also strychnine tree a small tree (to 15 m high) of the family Loganiaceae. The leaves are opposite, leathery, and shiny. The small greenish white flowers are gathered into umbellate cymose inflorescences. The fruit is a berry, with two to eight very hard disk-shaped seeds with shiny, silky hairs. The nux vomica is native to the tropical forests of Asia and northern Australia; it is cultivated in the tropics of Africa. Like several other closely related species, it contains poisonous alkaloids (strychnine, brucine), mainly in the seeds. Strychnine (nitrate) and galenicals (the dried extract and tincture of nux vomica) are used in medicine and veterinary medicine as tonics to treat lowered metabolism, rapid fatigability, hypotension, weakened cardiac activity (resulting from intoxication and infection), pareses and paralyses, and atony of the stomach. The genus Strychnos contains 150 to 200 species, which are common to the tropics of both hemispheres. Some species are used as a source of the arrow poison curare, which contains alkaloids called curarines; others are used to treat snakebites and to purify drinking water. [29–592.–1] nux vomica", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505940	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which famous smoker is associated with the expression 'three pipe problem'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sherlock Holmes pipe, Three pipes problem, Sherlock smoking THE PIPES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES Author: SherlockExtra - Translator: Revati Grandfather stuffed some tobacco into his pipe, then sit to the rocking chair or armchair and began to smoke with delighted smile on his face. All family members felt that on these occasions the old man became calmer and more sympathetic. Children and grandchildren tried to talk about their requests during this ritual. Nowadays this habit is less popular, but whoever sees a pipe-smoking silhouette refers it to Sherlock Holmes. People of bygone times did not know about the harmful effects of smoking. On the contrary, they thought it is healthy, because the smoke reduces the propagation of pneumatic infections. (Perhaps this false opinion developed because in some cases – in foods like smoked ham, for example – smoking disinfects and conserves.) Smoking was a habit and a way of protecting health. Many famous people became addicted to smoking, because they experienced its mind refreshing effect. Dr. Joseph Bell, after whom the legendary sleuth was modelled, once mesmerized his audience at the university with a deduction focused on a pipe. He called in a patient who waited outside and whom he haven't seen before. The woman entered but said not a single word and the doctor asked her where did she leave her cutty pipe. She took it out from her purse. And what were the clues that put Bell on the right track? They were trifles, of course. Nothing but a small ulcer on the woman's lower lip and a glossy scar on her cheek. These told the professor that she smokes a short-stem pipe that lies close to her cheek. Elementary, isn't it? Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Hemingway, Milne, J. R. R. Tolkien and Mark Twain were all smokers. Edwin Hubble and Albert Einstein too – the latter even wrote a poem about smoking. The genius Albert Einstein with pipe Holmes maybe indulged on smoking during his university years, becuse of its mind refreshing effect. We know from his kind chronicler, dr. Watson, that when he was nervous, Holmes paced up and down and smoked. The cigarettes of the great detective originated from a tobacco shop in London. On special occasions Sherlock smoke cigars, and sometimes he snuffed (He got his snuff-box from a honourable client). Certainly Watson liked to smoke (usually he smoked Arcadia mixture, which has fluffy white ash according to Holmes, or a brand named Ship’s), and sometimes he joined Holmes for a cigar, but we cannot say he was a heavy smoker. However his friend was a real addict, who used his knowledge of ashes, cigarette and cigar ends while solving mysteries. In The Sign of Four he tells the doctor: \"Yes, I have been guilty of several monographs. They are all upon technical subjects. Here, for example, is one 'Upon the Distinction between the Ashes of the Various Tobaccos.' In it I enumerate a hundred and forty forms of cigar, cigarette, and pipe tobacco, with coloured plates illustrating the difference in the ash. It is a point which is continually turning up in criminal trials, and which is sometimes of supreme importance as a clue. If you can say definitely, for example, that some murder had been done by a man who was smoking an Indian lunkah, it obviously narrows your field of search. To the trained eye there is as much difference between the black ash of a Trichinopoly and the white fluff of bird's-eye as there is between a cabbage and a potato.\" Conan Doyle’s detective was not an opium addict Some movie adaptations show the belief that Holmes often smoke opium. Actually the British sleuth only turned to it because it was necessary for his investigation to visit an opium den. Watson mentions in The Adventure of the Man with the Twisted Lip that an opium pipe dangled down between his knees, but we do not know whether he had to use it to fit in (as Jeremy Brett mentions it in the Granada series) or his „performance” was enough. Perhaps we can assume that he did not use the pipe, because he was amused after coming out of the den: „ I suppose, Watson, said he, that you imagine tha", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505941	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What dish would you expect if you asked for Fettuccine in an Italian restaurant?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Pasta Recipes From Real Restaurant Recipes Are Favorite Restaurant Recipes Many Choices and So Versatile! Each Is A Favorite Restaurant Recipe Pasta is an item that has taken over major portions of many American restaurant menus. Choices and versatility are understatements when talking pasta. There are so many kinds, shapes and flavors, each having its special uses and recipes. You can eat it hot or cold. It is used as an entrée, a salad and a side dish. Red sauces, white sauces, olive oil ...just merging the “right” sauce with the right \"noodle\" becomes boggling for our “noodles.” :-) Don’t worry. Find quality recipes and it’s a little like “painting by the numbers.” The right recipes are on this website. You can cook with confidence and style. How do you know a recipe is really good? Of course you try it. But wouldn’t you like to give yourself “an edge?” These restaurant recipes have been tested (tasted), approved and requested by real restaurant customers over the past three decades! Each is a favorite restaurant recipe. Restaurant Pasta Recipes Champagne Shrimp Angel Hair with a champagne-cream sauce, this makes for a great romantic dinner anytime of the year. Preparation time: 20 minutes. Serves 2 Chicken Fettuccine Ricardo Recipe. This favorite restaurant recipe uses fettuccine sautéed with a breast of chicken, mushrooms, zucchini, and some herbs and spices in my garlic cream sauce (Alfredo Sauce ...listed as part of this recipe). Preparation time: about 30 minutes. Recipe is for 2 servings Linguine Pesto Recipe. It’s true! If you master this restaurant sauce recipe for classic Alfredo Sauce, you’ll be able to cook literally dozens and dozens of other great tasting recipes with little or no difficulty. Preparation time: about 45 minutes. Number of servings: one quart, about 10 servings. Serve this dish with garlic bread and a glass of fine Merlot . Preparation time: 30 minutes. Serves 4 Fettuccine Alfredo. It’s true! If you master this restaurant sauce recipe for classic Alfredo Sauce, you’ll be able to cook literally dozens and dozens of other great tasting recipes with little or no difficulty. Preparation time: about 45 minutes. Number of servings: one quart, about 10 servings. Fettuccine with Scallops and Asparagus . This restaurant recipe uses the classic Alfredo sauce with scallops and asparagus. Don’t like scallops? No problem. You can use any seafood item in place of the scallops. Preparation time: 20 minutes. Serves 6. Scallops and Linguine . This Sea Scallop Pasta Recipe calls for linguine, but you can substitute fettuccine or other long, narrow pastas. Preparation time: 20 minutes. Serves 4. Chicken Pesto Fettuccine With Sun-Dried Tomatoes . This Chicken Pesto recipe is a favorite restaurant recipe for both chicken and pasta lovers. The addition of sun-dried tomatoes is one of the ingredients that make this a secret restaurant recipe. Preparation time: 20 minutes. Serves 2. Shrimp Fettuccine . This recipe for shrimp fettuccine was submitted by a reader of the website. I put the shrimp fettuccine recipe to the ultimate test (served it to my guests). The recipe calls for skim milk and part-skim Ricotta cheese to help reduce the calories in the meal. Preparation time: 15 minutes. Serves 4. Seafood Fettuccine Recipe ! YOU FOUND IT! This Seafood Fettuccine IS a signature item for the restaurant. I can’t even begin to tell you how many times I have been asked for this restaurant recipe. Once you try it, you’ll understand. This secret restaurant recipe is secret no longer. Preparation time: about 20 minutes. Serves 2 Italian Sausage Lasagna . Lasagna speaks to the tradition of sharing a meal. Preparation time: 45 minutes plus baking time is 65 minutes with a standing time of 10 minutes. Serves 8. Penne’ & Smoked Salmon with Asparagus Salad . Preparation time: 45 minutes, but the salad should be chilled for at least one hour when finished. This restaurant recipe serves 6-8 people depending on portion desired. ENJOY! Vegetarian Fettuccine or Linguine Recipe . Lots of yummy vegetables sautéed in olive oil w", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505942	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is cartography the study of", "role": "user" }, { "content": "What is Cartography? - Canadian Cartographic Association What is Cartography? Canadian Cartographic Association Careers in Cartography What is Cartography? The International Cartographic Association defines cartography as the discipline dealing with the conception, production, dissemination and study of maps. Cartography is also about representation – the map. This means that cartography is the whole process of mapping. Cartography is a complex, an ever-changing field, but at the center of it is the map-making process. Viewed in the broadest sense, this process includes everything from the gathering, evaluation and processing of source data, through the intellectual and graphical design of the map, to the drawing and reproduction of the final document. As such, it is a unique mixture of science, art and technology and calls for a variety of in-depth knowledge and skills on the part of the cartographer. Sometimes one person directs this entire sequence of cartographic activities, but this occurs only in relatively simple cases. In the creation of a map, it is much more common for the various tasks to be split up and accomplished by several individuals. Cartography is much more than just map-making, however. It is also an academic discipline in its own right. It has its own professional associations (regional, national and international), journals, conferences, educational programs and its own identity. As a discipline, it embraces not only cartographers who make maps, but also cartographers who teach about maps and cartographers who do research on maps. Once seen as the products of a relatively straightforward practical exercise, maps are now viewed as complex intellectual images offering a rich potential for scientific investigation. Whether the thrust of the research is cognitive, mathematical, historical, perceptual or technological, cartographers are exploiting this potential to the fullest. Cartography today has two essential characteristics. First of all, it is important. Maps perform a fundamental and indispensable role as one of the underpinnings of civilization. Few activities relating to the earth’s surface, whether land use planning, property ownership, weather forecasting, road construction, locational analysis, emergency response, forest management, mineral prospecting, navigation–the list is endless–would be practicable without maps. And never has this role been more vital than it is today. Humanity faces severe problems, many of them environmental in nature, and effective mapping is crucial if solutions are to be found. In conjunction with the great data gathering capabilities and analytical power of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS), cartography, in many instances, provides the key to finding solutions. A second, overriding characteristic of cartography today is its dynamic nature. The cartographic discipline is in the throes of a revolution, brought about in large measure by advances in technology and, in particular, by the impact of the computer. Map-making has always been affected by technological change, but the recent transformation of cartography has been unprecedented in scope compared with previous evolutionary changes. While former pen and ink techniques for map-making are still found in isolated use, today’s cartographer is more likely to be found seated at a terminal using the very latest in computer hardware and graphic software. In most cases, without any loss in image quality, maps are generated faster with less cost than before, not to mention with even more enjoyment for the map-maker! In essence, the computer equips the cartographer with unparalleled control over the mapping process. Follow:", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505943	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which county is Hay on Wye of bookshops fame?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hay-on-Wye, Powys, Wales A weekend in Hay-on-Wye, Wales. Hay-on-Wye (Y Gelli), Powys, Wales Around Hay-on-Wye Photos and report by Mike Slocombe, May 2006 The Welsh town of Hay-on-Wye lies on the national boundary with England with the county boundaries of Brecknockshire and Radnorshire running through the town. Bizarrely, the county boundary is marked by the unmissable River Wye, while the national boundary follows the trickling Dulas Brook which meanders along a small valley past Cusop Dingle. Not surprisingly, such an important strategic location has attracted more than its fair share of invading hordes, with the castle seeing a ton of action from both sides of the border. The English King John burnt it down in 1216, and so did the Welsh Prince Llewellyn not long after. With its location on the road to Brecon - once the most important town for miles around - Hay has a long history of providing food and lodging to travellers with coaching inns and pubs. More recently, Hay has become famous for its connections with literature. Hay's association with books started when Richard Booth, an Oxford graduate, opened his first bookshop in 1961 and pursued his dream that a town full of bookshops could be an international attraction. Not averse to the odd stunt on the way - in 1977 he declared independence for Hay-on-Wye, crowned himself as King and made his horse prime minister. Hay-on-Wye is now stuffed full of bookstores with its internationally recognised literature festival attracting half a million visitors each year. The attractive streets of Hay. Richard Booth's bookstore \"Europe's Largest Secondhand Bookshop\" can be seen on the right in a distinctive two-tone blue finish. Despite a population of some 1,300 people, hay on Wye boasts around forty-one bookshops at the last count. From left to right, Hay Wholefoods and Delicatessen, The Cutting Room hairdresser and Addymans Books. Built in the 1880s, Hay's clock tower is a solid example of 'High Victorian Gothic' style. Clock tower detail. A view along the alley curiously known as the 'Backfold.' Closest to the camera is the Marijana Dworski Bookstore, which specialises in languages, with Greenway's corner bookshop behind. The Wine Vaults in Hay. We liked it here! Striking building on St. John's Place. Hay-on-Wye almshouses, built in 1832. Close up of the stone carving on the froint of the almshouses. A window of lovely cakes! I grabbed a quick Welsh cake snack. Another view of Backfold, on the approach to the castle. Curious looking house, close to the old Three Tuns pub. The original 12th century church had fallen into such disrepair that it was described as 'dark comfortless and ill-contrived and quite inadequate in point of size' in 1828. In 1834, St. Mary's Church was almost entirely rebuilt by Edward Haycock in 1834 with only the lower stages of the original 12th century West tower remaining. When we went past at dusk, a rather spooky wooden cross was propped up against the wall. Once the town's principal coaching inn, the current Swan at Hay Hotel was erected in 1821 and now serves as a 3-star hotel. By far the liveliest pub in town, the Wheatsheaf Inn (sorry, make that '38@ The Wheatsheaf') attracts an up-for-it crowd who like to give it large on a Friday night. And why not?! Clock tower at night.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505944	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Salmon River in Idaho USA is known by what nickname, (also the name of a 1954 film, whose title soundtrack was recorded by each of its stars, Marilyn Monroe and Robert Mitchum)?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: February 2011 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League 22nd Feb–Cup/Plate Semi Finals Questions set by Plough Horntails and the Dolphin 1. How many hoops are used in the standard game of Croquet? A, 6. 2. Which African kingdom was known as Basutoland before it gained independence in 1966? A. Lesotho. 3. The work \"Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures\" is the textbook of which religious movement founded in 1879? A. Christian Science. 4. What is the fruit of the Blackthorn called? A. The Sloe. 5. How many countries sit on the full United Nations Security Council? A. 15. 6. According to the book of Genesis, which land lay to the \"east of Eden\"? A. The Land of Nod. 7. What is the name of the southernmost point of Africa? A. Cape Agulhas (note: The Cape of Good Hope is just south of Cape Town and is NOT correct). 8. Responding to a pressing issue in year 1095, what appeal did Pope Urban II make to Kings, Nobles and Knights in a sermon at the Council of Clermont? A. Please help to regain the Holy Lands… the First Crusade. (Accept any answer relating to freeing Jerusalem from Moslems/ Mohammadens / Turks/ Saracens) 9. Who holds the post of High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union? A. Baroness Ashton (Accept Catherine Ashton). 10. Which city was awarded the 1944 Summer Olympic Games? A. London. 11. In which country did the Maoist organization the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) operate? A. Peru. 12. Which major city’s name translates into English as Fragrant Harbour? A. Hong Kong. 13. In which country was the Granny Smith apple first grown? A. Australia (in 1868) 15. Who was the architect of Coventry Cathedral? A. Basil Spence. 16. Who opened an historic address to his people with the following, “In this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in our history, I send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if I were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.” A. King George VI (as taken from the King’s Speech) 17. Which car company makes the Alhambra model? A. Seat. 18. Which car company makes a model called the Sirion? A. Diahatsu 19. What is the Nationality of Stefaan Engels who set a World record on Saturday 5th February in Barcelona by completing a marathon every day for a year, a total of 9,569 miles? A. Belgian. 20. Who wrote Memoirs of a Fox-hunting Man and Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, as well as collections of poetry? A. Siegfried Sassoon. 21. Approximately what percentage of the planet’s surface is covered by Tropical rainforests? A. 2% (but they are home to more than 50% species on Earth). Accept any figure less than 5%. 22. What is the name of the point on the Celestial sphere directly below an observer or a given position? A. Nadir. (Note this is the opposite of zenith). 23. What is the term, of French origin, loosely translated 'into mouth', for using facial muscles and shaping the lips for the mouthpiece to play a woodwind or brass musical instrument? A. Embouchure (origin, em = into, bouche = mouth) also accept embrasure. 24. In his 2011 memoir, ‘Known and Unknown’, which US ex-politician tries to deflect blame onto others including Colin Powell and Condoleeza Rice, for Iraq War mistakes? A. Donald Rumsfeld. (The book title alludes to Rumsfeld's famous statement: \"There are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns - the ones we don't know we don't know...\" The statement was made by Rumsfeld on February 12, 2002 at a press briefing addressing the absence of evidence linking the Iraq government with the supply of weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups.) 25. How many vertices (corners) has a regular dodecahedron (a dodecahedron is a 3D form with 12 faces)? A. 20. 26. The Salmon River in Idaho, USA is known by what nickname, It is also the name of a 1954 film, whose title soundtrack was recorded b", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505945	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which country was Sam Neill born?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sam Neill - Biography - IMDb Sam Neill Jump to: Overview (3) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (2) \| Trivia (18) \| Personal Quotes (10) Overview (3) 5' 11¾\" (1.82 m) Mini Bio (1) Sam Neill was born in Omagh, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland, to army parents, an English-born mother, Priscilla Beatrice (Ingham), and a New Zealand-born father, Dermot Neill. His family moved to the South Island of New Zealand in 1954. He went to boarding schools and then attended the universities at Canterbury and Victoria. He has a BA in English Literature. Following his graduation, he worked with the New Zealand Players and other theater groups. He also was a film director, editor and scriptwriter for the New Zealand National Film Unit for 6 years. Sam Neill is internationally recognised for his contribution to film and television. He is well known for his roles in Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park and Jane Campion's Academy Award Winning film The Piano. Other film roles include The Daughter, Backtrack opposite Adrian Brody, Deux Ex Machina, F2014, A Long Way Down, The Tomb, The Hunter with Willem Dafoe, Daybreakers, Legend of the Guardians: The Owls Of G'Ahoole, Little Fish opposite Cate Blanchett, Skin, Dean Spanley, Wimbledon, Yes, Perfect Strangers, Dirty Deeds, The Zookeepers, Bicenntial Man opposite Robin Williams, The Horse Whisperer alongside Kristin Scott Thomas, Sleeping Dogs, My Brilliant Career. He received Emmy and Golden Globe nominations for the NBC miniseries Merlin. He also received a Golden Globe nomination for One Against The Wind, and for Reilly: The Ace of Spies. The British Academy of Film and Television honoured Sam's work in Reilly by naming him Best Actor. Sam received an AFI Award for Best Actor for his role in Jessica. Other television includes House of Hancock, Rake, Doctor Zhivago, To the Ends of Earth, The Tudors with Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Cruseo, Alcatraz and recently in Old School opposite Bryan Brown, Peaky Blinders alongside Cillian Murphy, The Dovekeepers for CBS Studios. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Shanahan Management Spouse (2) (1978 - 1989) (divorced) (1 child) Trivia (18) One son, Tim Neill (b.1983), with Lisa Harrow , a daughter Elena Neill with Noriko Watanabe , and a step-daughter Maiko. Met wife Noriko Watanabe on the set of Dead Calm (1989), where she worked as a make-up artist. He has homes in Beverly Hills, Sydney and New Zealand. Awarded the O.B.E. for Service to Acting (1993). \"Best Actor on British Television\" for Reilly: Ace of Spies (1983), Australian Film Institute Award \"Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role\" for A Cry in the Dark (1988) (aka \"Cry in the Dark (1988)\"). His vineyard is in the Gibbston Valley, Otago. His wine is a Pinot Noir called Two Paddocks. One of the original candidates for the fourth and fifth actor to portray James Bond - 007 in The Living Daylights (1987) and GoldenEye (1995). Timothy Dalton and Pierce Brosnan ended up as James Bond, respectively. Montana is a recurring element in his films: in The Hunt for Red October (1990) he wants to live in Montana; in The Horse Whisperer (1998) he goes to Montana to find with his wife; in Jurassic Park (1993) he is digging up fossils in Montana. He is one of the three founders of Huntaway Films, along with his good friends John Clarke and Jay Cassells . Was considered for the role of the villainous \"Doc Ock\" in Spider-Man 2 (2004). His wife ended up as the principal make-up & hair stylist for Kirsten Dunst in the movie. He is a big fan of The Beach Boys . Moved to New Zealand at age 7. Good friends with musicians Neil Finn , Tim Finn and Jimmy Barnes . Born to Priscilla Beatrice (Ingham), who was English, and Dermot Neill, a New Zealand army officer. His ancestry includes English, Anglo-Irish (Northern Irish), and Irish. Studied at the University of Canterbury and at the Victoria University in Wellington, from which he graduated with a BA in English Literature. Owns a winery, Two Paddocks, in the Central Otago region of New Zealand. It was started in 1993. Suffered with a stammer when he was younger. Has fluent Iris", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505946	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Brazil is the world's biggest coffee producer. What is the second biggest?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Top Coffee Producing Countries - WorldAtlas.com Economics Top Coffee Producing Countries The top coffee producers on the planet. The 10 nations who produce and export the most coffee per year. A map of the world made up of coffee beans With a café on nearly every corner in countless cities around the globe, it comes as no surprise that coffee is one of the top commodities worldwide. As the global third most consumed beverage, after water and tea, coffee beans are in high demand everywhere. The top producing nations each produce millions of kilograms of coffee beans that find their way into the hands of eager consumers. Second only to oil, coffee is the world's second most traded commodity , with about half a trillion cups drank per year. Not only used for brewing a cup of joe, the coffee bean (through decaffeination) provides caffeine for beverages (cola), pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Despite the different flavours there are two main commercially grown beans Arabica which accounts for 70% of coffee and the Robusta bean which is far cheaper and easier to grow. These are the ten nations that the International Coffee Organization named the world's top producers of coffee: 10 – Guatemala 224,871 US tons Guatemalan Coffee Workers Empty Beans for Sorting Guatemala produced 204,000,000 kilograms of coffee beans in 2015, and their production numbers have remained fairly consistent over the past few years. Coffee beans are most abundant in Guatemala in years where the temperature hovers between 16 and 32°C, and at altitudes between 500 and 5,000 metres above sea level. Guatemala was Central America's top producers till it was overtaken by Honduras in 2011. Guatemala came into the coffee game predominantly to find an export to replace indigo and cochineal, two of their early exports that were rendered useless once chemical dyes were invented in the 1800s. At the time, the government began a policy of support for the industry by offering trade and tax benefits. In the 1960's the government further pushed for greater global demand for Guatemalan coffee through the establishment of Anacafé (Asociación Nacional del Café), a marketing association which, to this day, continues to promote the nation's coffee products worldwide. 9 – Mexico 257,940 US tons Ancient Pyramids in Mexico In 2015, Mexico produced over 234,000,000 kilograms of coffee beans. The nation predominantly produces high quality Arabica beans grown in the coastal regions near the border of Guatemala and is responsible for majority of U.S. coffee imports. In the 1990s there was a crisis in Mexico's coffee production, as the International Coffee Agreement was dismantled and worldwide coffee prices and export quotas were no longer strictly controlled, leading to an inability for Mexico to compete in the global market. This decline in coffee prices and production led to lost income and social issues throughout the nation of Mexico. While coffee production declined over the 90s and into the 2000s, steady demand from the United States has led to a recovery in the Mexican coffee market, from an all time low of 1.7 million bags (60 kg) in 2005, to 4.0 million in 2014. 8 – Uganda 314,489 US tons The Ugandan Virunga Mountains While Uganda may not come to mind when you think of coffee production, at 285,300,000 kilograms produced in 2015, it is the Central African nation's top-earning export. It has moved past Mexico in 2015 to become the 8th largest producer of coffee. The nation grows both Robusta beans – a crop native to the Kibale forest area – as well as Arabica beans from nearby Ethiopia. Coffee is a vital part of the Ugandan economy, with a large portion of the population working in coffee related industries. Coffee production was initially a reasonably unsuccessful state-controlled sector, however, after government privatization in 1991, a strong revival of the sector was seen, leading to a 5100% increase in production since 1989. However, the government does still exert control on the industry, with flow out of the country controlled by the Uganda Coffee Development Auth", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505947	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The famous Chilean miners saved in 2010 were originally mining for what two substances?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hope for trapped Chilean miners as man's wife gives birth to baby Esperanza \| Daily Mail Online Latest twist could be added to movie about accident which has begun filming He had promised his wife that he would attend the birth of their first child. However, Ariel Ticona had more than a good excuse for not being present when Elizabeth Segovia went into hospital yesterday afternoon. Ticona is one of the 33 men who have been trapped underground for the past 40 days after a mine in northern Chile collapsed. Hope: Elizabeth Segovia gave birth to Esperanza Ticona yesterday while the baby's father is trapped But yesterday brought a rare piece of good news, when Esperanza Ticona was born, weighing nearly 7lbs and measuring almost 19ins long. The news of the birth will add further drama to a planned film about the miners which already has a title, The 33, a running time - one hour 33 minutes - and a planned release date in 2012. Director Rodrigo Ortuzar, who has cameras at the mine filming relatives, said: 'We're filming at the camp as a way of observing what goes on there so we can recreate it later.' Ticona and his wife had planned to name the child Carolina but each decided to change the name to Esperanza - Spanish for Hope - when the miners were found alive 17 days after the main shaft of the San Jose copper and gold mine collapsed on August 5. Many of the miners' families have held vigil at the mine since then, sleeping in tents in the cold Atacama desert nights. But Ticona didn't want that for his wife. In a recorded video chat made possible thanks to a fiber-optic cable that rescuers dropped through a narrow bore hole, Ticona urged a relative to tell his wife to stay home and take it easy before the birth. Bundle of joy: A mid-wife holds Esperanza Ticona at the Copiapo Clinic, Copiapo, 70km from the San Jose mine Esperanza is watched by her cousin Vinka Montalvan Ticona at the Copiapo Clinic, Copiapo New father: Ariel Ticona is one of 33 miners who have been trapped underground for 40 days 'Tell her to change the name of our daughter... and give her a long-distance kiss!' Ticona said as the other miners shouted: 'We're going to name her Hope!' Segovia told Chile's Canal 13 network that she had exactly the same thought about her name. 'He thought of it there and I thought of it here in the house. 'She was going to be named Carolina Elizabeth, but now her name will be Esperanza Elizabeth.' 'I'm very nervous,' Segovia said as she entered the Copiapo Clinic, Copiapo, some 70km from the San Jose mine, northern Chile. It comes as an artist's impression has been released of the capsule which will be used to pull the miners to safety. The men will be drawn 2,300ft to the surface through a rescue tunnel when it is completed, protected by the 'rescue pod'. Currently being built by the Chilean Navy, it will contain systems for communication and ventilation. It will also include an escape hatch to counter any problems while it ascends. The news of the design will prove heartening to relatives waiting at the surface since the collapse after days of bad news about the drilling of three separate rescue tunnels. Yesterday, the 'Plan A' drill had reached a depth of 750ft but will stop soon when it reaches 820ft for maintenance. Enclosed: The claustrophobic escape pod currently being built by the Chilean Navy to bring the 33 trapped miners to the surface 'Plan B', a higher-velocity drill that will carve out a narrower escape tunnel, has been silenced since last week, when it struck an iron support beam for the mine and its drill bit shattered into small pieces. A third drill, 'Plan C', is still days away from starting its work. Rescuers have already tried three times to use magnets to remove pieces of the shattered second drill and iron beam from the hole. If a fourth effort also fails, Mining Minister Laurence Golborne said on Monday, then the second drill will have to be moved and start digging an entirely new hole. The setback has caused anxiety among the trapped men, who had been cheered by the sound of the constant ha", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505948	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which World Heavyweight Champion boxer (1944-2011) won Olympic Gold in 1964?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Most Famous Boxers – List of Famous Boxers in History Nationality: American Known For: First African American to be the world heavyweight boxing champion. Nicknamed the “Galveston Giant,” Jack Johnson was widely considered to be the most famous African American on the planet for more than a decade as he dominated the world of boxing. Notably, Johnson had his success during the time period when Jim Crow laws were still in effect. In fact, both of his parents had been slaves. Racism ran deep at that time and when Johnson became world heavyweight boxing champion, many whites were furious. Nationality: American Known For: Holding the world heavyweight boxing champion title 1919 through 1926 Jack Dempsey was known as “The Manasa Mauler” and was celebrated for his offensive style and powerful blows. Of his 65 recorded wins in the ring, 51 were by knockout. Dempsey was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990. His fights drew in large crowds, often setting attendance records. Additionally, The Associated Press named Dempsey as being the best boxer to fight during the span of 1900 to 1950. Nationality: American Known For: Being the world heavyweight champion for almost 12 years (longest in history). Called the “Brown Bomber,” Joe Louis successfully defended his world heavyweight championship title 25 times. He was known as being a very generous and kind man – even donating his winnings twice to military rellief during World War II. In 1982 Louis was posthumously honored with the Congressional Gold Medal. He was later named a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame. Nationality: American Known For: Often argued to be the greatest boxer of all time. Originally named Walker Smith Jr., Sugar Ray Robinson got his name after using the Amateur Athletic Union card of a fellow boxer named Ray Robinson. After becoming pro in 1940, he won his first 40 bouts in a row. He had an astonishing record of 175 wins – 110 of which were knockouts – and only 19 losses. He even had a streak of 91 wins in a row that lasted for 8 years between 1943 and 1951. Nationality: American Known For: His legendary fights with Sugar Ray Robinson. Jake Lamotta was the inspiration behind the movie “Raging Bull” that starred Robert De Niro. He was the first boxer to ever beat Sugar Ray Robinson. He was known for being able to take a beating and still continue fighting. He was only knocked out one time in his 100-plus fight career and only lost 9 times. Nationality: American Known For: Was undefeated for his entire professional career. Rocky Marciano went 49 and 0, including 43 wins by knockout during his time spent as a professional boxer. He was not known to have an accurate punch; however, when he landed a blow it was usually devastating. Tragically, he died in a plane crash the day before his 46th birthday. Marciano was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990. Nationality: American Known For: Learning how to box while in jail. Charles L. “Sonny” Liston was a gifted boxer who lived a very troubled life. Liston was known to struggle with alcohol addiction, but his physical skills still allowed him to shine in the ring. He became the world heavyweight champion in 1962 after knocking out Floyd Patterson in the very first round. Nicknamed “The Big Bear,” Liston had a professional record of 50 – 4, with 39 knockouts. Nationality: American Known For: Being wrongfully convicted of murder and put in prison for almost two decades. Ruben “The Hurricane” Carter was known for his incredibly fast punches, but even more well-known for his struggles to be freed from prison. He and a friend were wrongfully accused of a triple homocide in June of 1966. The ensuing investigation was not conducted professionally and many believe that Carter was framed. While in prison, Carter wrote a book about his innocence entitled “The 16th Round: From Number 1 Contender to Number 45472.” He was eventually freed in 1985. Nationality: American Known For: His outspoken ways and historic fights. Born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr., Muhammad Ali dubbed hiim", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505949	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the singer Prince's real first name?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Prince Biography: Prince's Real Name & More By Mark Edward Nero Updated April 21, 2016. Plenty of contemporary recording artists are talented, but few were as talented as Prince . Known for his vocal range, instrumental abilities and stage presence, the eclectic artist was a mainstay in popular music for more than three decades, serving as a musical influence and innovator. Prince passed away on April 21, 2016 at the age of 57. Here is a look back at his amazing life and career. Early Life: Prince was born Prince Roger Nelson on June 7, 1958 in Minneapolis, Minn. Music was a significant part of his life from the beginning. His mother was a jazz singer and his father was a pianist and a songwriter who performed in the Prince Rogers Trio, a jazz group, under the stage name \"Prince Rogers.\" Prince is named after his stage name. Breakthrough and Success: Prince dabbled in music throughout his childhood, forming a popular funk band in his late teens. After shopping around a series of unsuccessful demo tapes, he released his debut album For You in 1978, but his second effort, Prince, was much more commercially successful. continue reading below our video What Do Movie Ratings Mean? It produced the hit singles \"Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?\" and \"I Wanna Be Your Lover,\" and it went platinum . Dirty Mind, Controversy and 1999 generated more acclaim for the artist, but he really hit it big with 1984's Purple Rain. The album, which accompanies his film of the same, catapulted Prince into superstardom. His backup band, The Revolution, dissolved after the releases of 1985's Around the World in a Day and 1986's Parade, but he bounced back stronger than ever as a solo artist with Sign \"O\" the Times. Riding high on a solo career, he followed up with three more albums before introducing his new backup band, The New Power Generation, in 1991's Diamonds and Pearls. In 1993 he famously changed his name to the \"love symbol,\" and combination of the male and female symbols. Between 1994 and 1996 he released a whopping five albums in an effort to rid himself of contractual obligations with Warner Bros. He joined Arista Records in 1998 and started going by \"Prince\" again, instead of his unpronounceable legal name. Since then he released 15 albums. He released his 34th studio album, HITnRun phase one, in September 2015. Legacy: Few artists can revel the successes of such enduring careers. Prince was surely one of them. He was one of the best-selling artists of all time , having sold more than 100 million records. He has won more awards than you can count: seven Grammys (1999 and Purple Rain earned him Hall of Fame awards), an Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Purple Rain,\" a Golden Globe for Best Original Song for \"The Song of the Heart,\" and four MTV VMAs. Prince was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, cementing his place in music history.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505950	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Under what name did English actor James Stewart, born 1913, become famous?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Obituary: Stewart Granger \| The Independent Obituary: Stewart Granger Tuesday 17 August 1993 23:02 BST Click to follow The Independent Online James Lablache Stewart (Stewart Granger), actor: born London 6 March 1913; married 1938 Elspeth March (one son, one daughter; marriage dissolved 1948), 1950 Jean Simmons (one daughter; marriage dissolved 1960), 1964 Viviane Lecerf (one daughter; marriage dissolved 1969); died Santa Monica, California 16 August 1993. TALL, DARK, debonair and rakishly handsome, Stewart Granger was one of the greatest British stars of the Forties, and went on to become one of the handful to achieve true international stardom in Hollywood. He was one of that quartet of stars - along with Margaret Lockwood, James Mason and Phyllis Calvert - who became associated with the enormous successes made by the Gainsborough Studios under the auspices of Maurice Ostrer, starting with The Man in Grey (1943), and including Fanny by Gaslight, Love Story, Madonna of the Seven Moons (all 1944), and Caravan (1946). Granger's dashing good looks, energy, humour and the arrogance that laced his romantic ardour made him the British cinema's foremost sex symbol, with a huge teenage following, and in Hollywood he took his place among the greatest swashbucklers with at least one of his movies, Scaramouche (1952), a masterpiece comparable to the best of Errol Flynn. Though Mason was the finer actor, Granger achieved greater popularity in the Hollywood cinema, and it is ironic that Mason's finest role there, as Norman Maine in A Star is Born (1954), went to him only after Granger turned it down. It is to be regretted that Granger's enormous ego (to which he freely confessed) did not allow him to accept the role or the character roles later in his career that might have sustained and enhanced his reputation. He was born James Stewart in London in 1913 and had planned to be a doctor. But he lacked the dedication (as he later admitted) to continue medical studies. A friend suggested that since he had a car and a good set of clothes he could find work as a film extra for a guinea a day. Work at the studios during 1933 - the Babe Daniels musical A Southern Mai, Allan Dwan's I Spy, in which he acted as stand-in for Ben Lyon, and Give Her a Ring are his only known credits from this period - aroused an interest in acting and Granger won a scholarship to the Webber-Douglas School of Dramatic Art. He served a long apprenticeship in the theatre, working with the Hull and Birmingham repertory companies at the Malvern Festival (1936-37), where his performance as Magnus in The Apple Cart won the approval of its author, George Bernard Shaw, as well as that of the critics, and making his London debut at Drury Lane in 1938 in a short-lived musical version of Sanders of the River called The Sun Never Sets. He later talked warmly of these early years: 'I learnt acting in the reps, where the audience teaches you - particularly timing.' At Birmingham he had met the actress Elspeth March, and in 1938, while he was appearing at the Gate Theatre in Serena Blandish with Vivien Leigh, he and March were married. The same year he was given his first sizable screen role, as the romantic lead in So This Is London. His billing read Stewart Granger, the name he had taken to avoid confusion with the Hollywood actor, though throughout his life he would be known to his friends as 'Jimmy'. In 1939 he and his wife starred in a season of plays in Aberdeen, including Hay Fever, Arms and the Man and On Approval - Michael Denison and Dulcie Gray were juveniles with the company. After touring with the Old Vic as Dunois in St Joan, Granger was given a small role in Pen Tennyson's admirably understated saga of the wartime navy Convoy (1940) before his acting career was interrupted by war service. He joined the Gordon Highlanders, then won a commission with the Black Watch but was invalided out with an ulcer. He resumed his career with two supporting film roles, in Secret Mission (1942) and Thursday's Child (1943), before being asked to take over the role of Maxim DeWinter", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505951	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who plays Mary in the film 'There's something about Mary'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "See the Cast of 'There's Something About Mary' Then and Now See the Cast of 'There's Something About Mary' Then and Now August 8, 2013 @ 4:30 PM 20th Century Fox In 1998, writer and director duo Peter and Bobby Farrelly unleashed 'There's Something About Mary' on the world and the film became an instant comedy classic. The film follows Ted (Ben Stiller), a former high school loser who seeks out his dream girl (Cameron Diaz) for a second chance. 15 years later, we take a look back at the cast and see what they're up to now. Ben Stiller, Ted 20th Century Fox/Getty Images Then: The studio was initially reluctant to let the Farrelly brothers cast Ben Stiller, so the brothers chose a then-unknown Owen Wilson. When the studio was even more reluctant to cast Wilson, they let them go ahead with Stiller. Now: Stiller can be seen next in the adaptation of ' The Secret Life of Walter Mitty ,' which he also directed, and is currently working on a sequel to his cult comedy hit ' Zoolander .' He's married to actress Christine Taylor, and runs his own production shingle, Red Hour Ben, which produces the web series 'Burning Love.' Cameron Diaz, Mary 20th Century Fox/Getty Images Then: Cameron Diaz had become an overnight sensation thanks to roles in films like 'The Mask' and 'My Best Friend's Wedding.' Diaz plays Mary, the object of everyone's affection, even professional football players. Now: Diaz has starred in recent films 'Bad Teacher' and 'Gambit,' and can be seen next alongside Brad Pitt and Michael Fassbender in Ridley Scott's 'The Counselor.' Matt Dillon, Healy 20th Century Fox/Getty Images Then: Bill Murray, Cuba Gooding Jr., and Vince Vaughn were all considered for the role of slimy private investigator Pat Healy, but the part went to Matt Dillon, who also starred in 'Wild Things' that same year. Dillon and Diaz struck up a relationship around the time of filming. Now: Dillon recently made an appearance on the ABC sitcom 'Modern Family' and appears alongside Kristen Wiig in the indie comedy-drama 'Girl Most Likely.' Lee Evans, Tucker 20th Century Fox/Getty Images Then: Lee Evans played Tucker, a pizza delivery boy who pretends to be an architect to get closer to Mary. Though Evans is actually British, he was criticized heavily for his \"fake British accent\" in the film. Now: Evans is primarily a stage actor, whose film and television credits include 'The Ladies Man' and 'Doctor Who.' He can be seen this September in the stage play 'Barking in Essex.' Chris Elliott, Dom 20th Century Fox/Getty Images Then: Former 'SNL' cast member and star of 'Cabin Boy' Chris Elliott played Dom, Ted's friend who -- surprise -- also has a crush on Mary. Elliott previously starred in the Farrelly brothers' film 'Kingpin.' Now: Elliott has appeared on 'How I Met Your Mother' and 'Bored to Death,' and currently has his own show on Adult Swim called 'Eagleheart.' His daughter, Abby, starred on 'SNL' from 2008 to 2012 and his latest book, 'The Guy Under the Sheets,' came out last year. Lin Shaye, Magda 20th Century Fox/Getty Images Then: Like Elliott, veteran actress Lin Shaye also appeared in the Farrelly brothers' film 'Kingpin.' In 'There's Something About Mary,' Shaye plays Mary's eccentric neighbor, Magda. Now: Shaye recently appeared in 'Insidious,' and will reprise her role for the upcoming 'Insidious Chapter 2.' She reunited with the Farrelly brothers for their big screen version of 'The Three Stooges.' Jeffrey Tambor, Sully", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505952	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the title of the 1983 film in which teenager Tom Cruise turns his parents home into a brothel?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Risky Business (1983) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A Chicago teenager is looking for fun at home while his parents are away, but the situation quickly gets out of hand. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 42 titles created 01 Dec 2010 a list of 34 titles created 21 Apr 2015 a list of 36 titles created 19 Jul 2015 a list of 21 titles created 16 Dec 2015 a list of 37 titles created 6 months ago Search for \" Risky Business \" on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 2 nominations. See more awards » Videos A talented New York City bartender takes a job at a bar in Jamaica and falls in love. Director: Roger Donaldson As students at the United States Navy's elite fighter weapons school compete to be best in the class, one daring young pilot learns a few things from a civilian instructor that are not taught in the classroom. Director: Tony Scott A high school football player desperate for a scholarship and his headstrong coach clash in a dying Pennsylvania steel town. Director: Michael Chapman A young hot-shot stock car driver gets his chance to compete at the top level. Director: Tony Scott Fast Eddie Felson teaches a cocky but immensely talented protégé the ropes of pool hustling, which in turn inspires him to make an unlikely comeback. Director: Martin Scorsese When a sports agent has a moral epiphany and is fired for expressing it, he decides to put his new philosophy to the test as an independent with the only athlete who stays with him. Director: Cameron Crowe A young lawyer joins a prestigious law firm only to discover that it has a sinister dark side. Director: Sydney Pollack The biography of Ron Kovic. Paralyzed in the Vietnam war, he becomes an anti-war and pro-human rights political activist after feeling betrayed by the country he fought for. Director: Oliver Stone Military cadets take extreme measures to insure the future of their academy when its existence is threatened by local condo developers. Director: Harold Becker A young man leaves Ireland with his landlord's daughter after some trouble with her father, and they dream of owning land at the big give-away in Oklahoma ca. 1893. When they get to the new... See full summary » Director: Ron Howard The rivalry between two gangs, the poor greasers and the rich Socs, only heats up when one gang member kills a member of the other. Director: Francis Ford Coppola Neo military lawyer Kaffee defends Marines accused of murder; they contend they were acting under orders. Director: Rob Reiner Edit Storyline A suburban Chicago teenager's parents leave on vacation, and he cuts loose. An unauthorised trip in his father's Porsche means a sudden need for lots of money, which he raises in a creative way. Written by Jon Reeves <[email protected]> See All (136) » Taglines: Joel had all the normal teenage fantasies...cars, girls, money. Then his parents left for a week, and all his fantasies came true. [UK Theatrical] See more » Genres: 5 August 1983 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Did You Know? Trivia Among the actors who auditioned for the role of Joel were Tom Hanks and Nicolas Cage . See more » Goofs On two occasions in the film, Joel's SAT scores were revealed to be 597 Verbal and 560 Math. SAT scores were rounded to the nearest ten starting in the early seventies, so Joel's scores should both have ended in zeros. See more » Quotes [first lines] Joel Goodson : [voiceover] The dream is always the same. Instead of going home, I go to the neighbors'. I ring, but nobody answers. The door is open, so I go inside. I'm looking around for the people, but nobody seems to be there. And then I hear the shower running, so I go upstairs to see what's what. Then I see her; this... girl, th", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505953	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which sporting event, first held in July 1903, was the idea of Geo Lefevre, a journalist on L'Auto newspaper ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Birth of the Tour de France, 110 Years Ago - History in the Headlines The Birth of the Tour de France, 110 Years Ago June 28, 2013 By Christopher Klein 2012 Tour de France The Birth of the Tour de France, 110 Years Ago Author The Birth of the Tour de France, 110 Years Ago URL Google Launched as a newspaper publicity stunt in 1903, the Tour de France instantly proved itself an epic test of endurance, with competitors in the first race pedaling through the night on grueling stages that lasted upwards of 24 hours. Cheating was also endemic from the very start. As the Tour de France embarks on its 100th edition—world wars canceled 11 races—take a look back at the birth of the world’s most famous cycling race. On July 1, 1903, 60 men mounted their bicycles outside the Café au Reveil Matin in the Parisian suburb of Montgeron. The five-dozen riders were mostly French, with just a sprinkle of Belgians, Swiss, Germans and Italians. A third were professionals sponsored by bicycle manufacturers, the others simply devotees of the sport. All 60 wheelmen, however, were united by the challenge of embarking on an unprecedented test of endurance—not to mention the 20,000 francs in prize money—in the inaugural Tour de France. At 3:16 p.m., the cyclists turned the pedals of their bicycles and raced into the unknown. Nothing like the Tour de France had ever been attempted before. Journalist Geo Lefevre had dreamt up the fanciful race as a stunt to boost the circulation of his struggling daily sports newspaper, L’Auto. Henri Desgrange, the director-editor of L’Auto and a former champion cyclist himself, loved the idea of turning France into one giant velodrome. They developed a 1,500-mile clockwise loop of the country running from Paris to Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux and Nantes before returning to the French capital. There were no Alpine climbs and only six stages—as opposed to the 21 stages in the 2013 Tour— but the distances covered in each of them were monstrous, an average of 250 miles. (No single stage in the 2013 Tour tops 150 miles.) Between one and three rest days were scheduled between stages for recovery. The inaugural Tour de France, July 1903. The first stage of the epic race was particularly dastardly. The route from Paris to Lyon stretched nearly 300 miles. No doubt several of the riders who wheeled away from Paris worried not about winning the race—but surviving it. Unlike today’s riders, the cyclists in 1903 rode over unpaved roads without helmets. They rode as individuals, not team members. Riders could receive no help. They could not glide in the slipstream of fellow riders or vehicles of any kind. They rode without support cars. Cyclists were responsible for making their own repairs. They even rode with spare tires and tubes wrapped around their torsos in case they developed flats. And unlike modern-day riders, the cyclists in the 1903 Tour de France, forced to cover enormous swathes of land, spent much of the race riding through the night with moonlight the only guide and stars the only spectators. During the early morning hours of the first stage, race officials came across many competitors “riding like sleepwalkers.” Hour after hour through the night, riders abandoned the race. One of the favorites, Hippolyte Aucouturier, quit after developing stomach cramps, perhaps from the swigs of red wine he took as an early 1900s version of a performance enhancer. Twenty-three riders abandoned the first stage of the race, but the one man who barreled through the night faster than anyone else was another pre-race favorite, 32-year-old professional Maurice Garin. The mustachioed French national worked as a chimney sweep as a teenager before becoming one of France’s leading cyclists. Caked in mud, the diminutive Garin crossed the finish line in Lyon a little more than 17 hours after the start outside Paris. In spite of the race’s length, he won by only one minute. “The Little Chimney Sweep” built his lead as the race progressed. By the fifth stage, Garin had a two-hour advantage. When his nearest competitor suffered two f", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505954	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; By what name was the serial killer Albert DeSalvo, who killed 13 women between 1962 and 1964, better known?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Boston Strangler \| Criminal Minds Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Edit The first murder attributed to the Boston Strangler was committed on June 14, 1962. The victim was Anna E. Slesers, a 55-year-old seamstress. It was initially attributed to a suicide, but was then believed to have been the result of a botched robbery, even though several pieces of jewelry were found at the scene. Between that day and August 30, five more women were killed; the second, an 85-year-old, died of a heart attack while her attacker was trying to strangle her. All of those victims were middle-aged or elderly, the youngest being 55. The Strangler then appears to have stopped killing for a few months, returning on December 5. During this second round of murders, the victims were usually in their late teens or early 20s. At the last crime scene, that of Mary Sullivan on January 4, 1964, the killer left a Happy New Year card propped up against her left foot. During the investigation, two psychics got involved with the task force in charge of the case, the \"Strangler Bureau\". The first, Paul Gordon, was an ad copywriter said to have ESP powers. He made a description of the killer of Anna E. Slesers which fit Arnold Wallace, a mental patient held at Boston State Hospital who had escaped on several occasions, most of which coincided with the Strangler murders. When he was consulted about the seventh Strangler murder, that of Sophie Clark, he, surprisingly, displayed detailed knowledge of her apartment and made a description that fit Lewis Barnett, who was an initial suspect in the murder. Nothing concrete came out of Gordon's advice. The second psychic, Peter Hurkos , was a well-known career psychic. He claimed to have assisted in the investigation and is confirmed to have been in Boston at the time of the investigation and to have spent time with the police, but a few days later, he was arrested for impersonating a police officer in order to gather information and later convicted of it. James A. Brussel , who previously had made a spot-on profile of the Mad Bomber in New York, aided the authorities. Unlike many contemporary and later psychologists and psychoanalysts involved in the case, he asserted that the murders were the work of a single man, attributing the changes in his behavior to changes in his regular life. In November of 1964, a convicted burglar named Albert DeSalvo (see below ), was caught for an unrelated series of attacks and confessed to the Strangler murders. Albert DeSalvo Edit DeSalvo at the time of his arrest. Albert Henry DeSalvo was born on September 3, 1931 in Chelsea, Massachusetts. His father, Frank DeSalvo, was a sadistic, violent, alcoholic fisherman from Newfoundland who brutally abused his wife, Charlotte DeSalvo, Albert and his five siblings, one brother and four sisters, and would regularly take home prostitutes and have sex with them in front of his family. Albert once saw him beat all of the teeth out of Charlotte's mouth and then break her fingers one by one. Frank also once sold all his children to a farmer in Maine for $9, though they managed to break out and return home, at which point Frank began teaching him to steal and encouraged him to do so. In 1943, aged 12, Albert was arrested for battery and robbery and was sent to a reform school. The next year he was paroled and got a job as a delivery boy. He was sent back to the same reform school for auto theft only two years later. At the age of 17, after being released, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and was sent to Europe, where he met a German woman, Irmgard Beck, whom he married and brought back to the States, where he did a second tour in the Army. During his second tour, at Fort Dix, New Jersey, he was arrested for molesting a nine-year-old girl, narrowly escaping conviction because her parents wouldn't press charges. In spite of his court-martial, he was honorably discharged in 1956. Shortly afterwards, he was arrested twice for robbery. He demanded sex from his wife six times a day and called her rigid if she refused. When their first child, a girl named", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505955	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What element are computer chips typically made from?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Making Silicon Chips Making Silicon Chips The surprising process behind Intel® technology The world’s most advanced manufacturing Today silicon chips are everywhere. Intel creates industry-leading and world-first silicon products. These Intel® chips are some of the most complex devices ever manufactured, requiring advanced manufacturing technology. Step into a modern \"fab\" where Intel makes its chips, and you’ll discover a range of sophisticated processes spanning close to a million square feet of space. See the steps involved > Driving all forms of digital innovation Intel chips power Ultrabook™ devices, smartphones, tablets, high performance computing, data centers, and the Internet. They automate factories and are embedded in automobiles and everyday devices. The most sophisticated processor can contain hundreds of millions or billions of transistors interconnected by fine wires made of copper. Each of these transistors acts as an on/off switch, controlling the flow of electricity through the chip to send, receive, and process information. Chips today may have multiple cores. Silicon Silicon, the principal ingredient in beach sand, is a natural semiconductor and the most abundant element on Earth except for oxygen. Wafers To make wafers, silicon is purified, melted, and cooled to form an ingot, which is then sliced into discs called wafers. Chips are built simultaneously in a grid formation on the wafer surface in a fabrication facility or “fab.” Chips A chip is a complex device that forms the brains of every computing device. While chips look flat, they are three-dimensional structures and may include as many as 30 layers of complex circuitry. Clean rooms Chips are fabricated in batches of wafers in clean rooms that are thousands of times cleaner than hospital operating rooms. Bunny suits Fab technicians wear special suits, nicknamed bunny suits, designed to keep contaminants such as lint and hair off the wafers during chip manufacturing. Design The way a chip works is the result of how a chip’s transistors and gates are designed and the ultimate use of the chip. Design specifications that include chip size, number of transistors, testing, and production factors are used to create schematics—symbolic representations of the transistors and interconnections that control the flow of electricity though a chip. Designers then make stencil-like patterns, called masks, of each layer. Designers use computer-aided design (CAD) workstations to perform comprehensive simulations and tests of the chip functions. To design, test, and fine-tune a chip and make it ready for fabrication takes hundreds of people. Fabrication and test The \"recipe\" for making a chip varies depending on the chip’s proposed use. Making chips is a complex process requiring hundreds of precisely controlled steps that result in patterned layers of various materials built one on top of another. A photolithographic \"printing\" process is used to form a chip’s multilayered transistors and interconnects (electrical circuits) on a wafer. Hundreds of identical processors are created in batches on a single silicon wafer. Once all the layers are completed, a computer performs a process called wafer sort test. The testing ensures that the chips perform to design specifications. High-performance packaging After fabrication, it's time for packaging. The wafer is cut into individual pieces called die. The die is packaged between a substrate and a heat spreader to form a completed processor. The package protects the die and delivers critical power and electrical connections when placed directly into a computer circuit board or mobile device, such as a smartphone or tablet. Intel makes chips that have many different applications and use a variety of packaging technologies. Intel packages undergo final testing for functionality, performance, and power. Chips are electrically coded, visually inspected, and packaged in protective shipping material for shipment to Intel customers and retail.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505956	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; October 9th, 1967, saw the execution of major asshat Ernesto “Che” Guevara by soldiers from which South American Country?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents The Death of Che Guevara: Declassified By Peter Kornbluh National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 5 For more information contact: Peter Kornbluh 202/994-7000 or [email protected] Washington, D.C. – On October 9th, 1967, Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara was put to death by Bolivian soldiers, trained, equipped and guided by U.S. Green Beret and CIA operatives. His execution remains a historic and controversial event; and thirty years later, the circumstances of his guerrilla foray into Bolivia, his capture, killing, and burial are still the subject of intense public interest and discussion around the world. As part of the thirtieth anniversary of the death of Che Guevara, the National Security Archive's Cuba Documentation Project is posting a selection of key CIA, State Department, and Pentagon documentation relating to Guevara and his death. This electronic documents book is compiled from declassified records obtained by the National Security Archive, and by authors of two new books on Guevara: Jorge Castañeda's Compañero: The Life and Death of Che Guevara (Knopf), and Henry Butterfield Ryan's The Fall of Che Guevara (Oxford University Press). The selected documents, presented in order of the events they depict, provide only a partial picture of U.S. intelligence and military assessments, reports and extensive operations to track and \"destroy\" Che Guevara's guerrillas in Bolivia; thousands of CIA and military records on Guevara remain classified. But they do offer significant and valuable information on the high-level U.S. interest in tracking his revolutionary activities, and U.S. and Bolivian actions leading up to his death. DECLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS CIA, The Fall of Che Guevara and the Changing Face of the Cuban Revolution, October 18, 1965 This intelligence memorandum, written by a young CIA analyst, Brian Latell, presents an assessment that Guevara's preeminence as a leader of the Cuban revolution has waned, and his internal and international policies have been abandoned. In domestic policy, his economic strategy of rapid industrialization has \"brought the economy to its lowest point since Castro came to power,\" the paper argues. In foreign policy, he \"never wavered from his firm revolutionary stand, even as other Cuban leaders began to devote most of their attention to the internal problems of the revolution.\" With Guevara no longer in Cuba, the CIA's assessment concludes, \"there is no doubt that Castro's more cautious position on exporting revolution, as well as his different economic approach, led to Che's downfall.\" U.S. Army, Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Activation, Organization and Training of the 2d Battalion - Bolivian Army, April 28, 1967 This memorandum of understanding, written by the head of the U.S. MILGP (Military Group) in Bolivia and signed by the commander of the Bolivian armed forces, created the Second Ranger Battalion to pursue Che Guevara's guerrilla band. The agreement specifies the mission of a sixteen-member Green Beret team of U.S. special forces, drawn from the 8th Special Forces division of the U.S. Army Forces at Southcom in Panama, to \"produce a rapid reaction force capable of counterinsurgency operations and skilled to the degree that four months of intensive training can be absorbed by the personnel presented by the Bolivian Armed Forces.\" In October, the 2nd Battalion, aided by U.S. military and CIA personnel, did engage and capture Che Guevara's small band of rebels. White House Memorandum, May 11, 1967 This short memo to President Lyndon Johnson records U.S. efforts to track Guevara's movements, and keep the President informed of his whereabouts. Written by presidential advisor, Walt Rostow, the memo reports that Guevara may be \"operational\" and not dead as the CIA apparently believed after his disappearance from Cuba. CIA, Intelligence Information Cable, October 17, 1967 T", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505957	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What mythical creature has a dragon's head, a serpent's tail and a body with wings and legs?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Dragons ~ Mythical Birds \| Mythical Creatures Dragons ~ Mythical Birds ᴍʏᴛʜɪᴄᴀʟ ᴄʀᴇᴀᴛᴜʀᴇs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴋʏ ____________________________ But, they all share one quality. They are all mythical, Used for folklore and bedtime stories.\" __________________________________________ The word dragon entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French dragon, which in turn comes from Latin draconem (nominative draco) meaning \"huge serpent, dragon,\" from the Greek word δράκ?ν, drakon (genitive drakontos, δράκοντος) \"serpent, giant seafish\". The Greek and Latin term referred to any great serpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also current in English up to the 18th century. In Western folklore, dragons are usually portrayed as evil, with exceptions mainly in Welsh folklore and modern fiction. This is in contrast to Chinese dragons, which are traditionally depicted as more benevolent creatures. In the modern period, the European dragon is typically depicted as a huge, fire-breathing, scaly, horned, lizard-like creature; the creature also has leathery, bat-like wings, four legs, and a long, muscular prehensile tail. Some depictions show dragons with feathered wings, crests, fiery manes, ivory spikes running down its spine, and various exotic decorations. ____________________________________________ Morphology A dragon is a mythological representation of a reptile. In antiquity, dragons were mostly envisaged as serpents, but since the Middle Ages, it has become common to depict them with legs, resembling a lizard. Dragons are usually shown in modern times with a body like a huge lizard, or a snake with two pairs of lizard-type legs, and able to emit fire from their mouths. The European dragon has bat-like wings growing from its back. A dragon-like creature with wings but only a single pair of legs is known as a wyvern. ____________________________________________________ Comparative mythology Further information: Chaoskampf, Sea serpent, Proto-Indo-European religion § Dragon or Serpent and Serpent (Bible) The association of the serpent with a monstrous opponent overcome by a heroic deity has its roots in the mythology of the Ancient Near East, including Canaanite (Hebrew, Ugaritic), Hittite and Mesopotamian. Humbaba, the fire-breathing dragon-fanged beast first described in the Epic of Gilgamesh is sometimes described as a dragon with Gilgamesh playing the part of dragon-slayer. The legless serpent (Chaoskampf) motif entered Greek mythology and ultimately Christian mythology, although the serpent motif may already be part of prehistoric Indo-European mythology as well, based on comparative evidence of Indic and Germanic material. Saint George Killing the Dragon, 1434/35, by Martorell Although dragons occur in many legends around the world, different cultures have varying stories about monsters that have been grouped together under the dragon label. Some dragons are said to breathe fire or to be poisonous, such as in the Old English poem Beowulf. They are commonly portrayed as serpentine or reptilian, hatching from eggs and possessing typically scaly or feathered bodies. They are sometimes portrayed as hoarding treasure. Some myths portray them with a row of dorsal spines. European dragons are more often winged, while Chinese dragons resemble large snakes. Dragons can have a variable number of legs: none, two, four, or more when it comes to early European literature. Dragons are often held to have major spiritual significance in various religions and cultures around the world. In many Asian cultures dragons were, and in some cultures still are, revered as representative of the primal forces of nature, religion and the universe. They are associated with wisdom—often said to be wiser than humans—and longevity. They are commonly said to possess some form of magic or other supernatural power, and are often associated with wells, rain, and rivers. In some cultures, they are also said to be capable of human speech. In some traditions dragons are said to have taught humans to talk. The Order of the Dragon was cre", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505958	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which American city is home to the Baseball side 'The Orioles'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Review of Integrating the Orioles \| Sport in American History Sport in American History Luke, Bob. Integrating the Orioles: Baseball and Race in Baltimore. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Co., 2016. Pp. 216. Notes and index. $29.95 paperback. Reviewed by Chuck Westmoreland Frank Robinson, the 1961 National League (NL) Most Valuable Player, arrived in Baltimore after the Cincinnati Reds made one of the most baffling trades in baseball history. From the Baltimore Orioles, the Reds received Milt Pappas, a moderately successful pitcher, reliever Jack Baldschun, and Dick Simpson, a minor-league outfielder. The Reds struggled mightily that year and finished seventh in the NL. Pappas compiled a mediocre 12-11 record on the mound. The Orioles, meanwhile, got its first black superstar and the first of three World Series titles. Robinson was an easy choice for the 1966 American League (AL) MVP as he dominated the league in all major batting categories. No wonder Cincinnati fans began calling General Manager Bill DeWitt, the architect of the Robinson-Pappas trade, “Dim Witt” (p. 85-101). McFarland and Co., 2015 Robinson’s story is a pivotal and powerful one in Bob Luke’s Integrating the Orioles: Baseball and Race in Baltimore . Author of several books on the Negro Leagues, Luke delivers a compelling, balanced narrative of how the Oriole organization and the city of Baltimore confronted race and segregation during the height of the modern black freedom struggle. Luke begins his examination of the history of baseball and race in Baltimore with a brief, contextual chapter on the era from the late nineteenth century through the early 1950s. This chapter includes discussions of the first Baltimore Orioles franchise that moved to New York in 1903 and became the present-day Yankees. Luke also addresses the Baltimore Elite Giants, a Negro League team, and Jackie Robinson’s experiences in the city while facing the minor-league Baltimore team of the 1940s, also named the Orioles. The current incarnation of the Baltimore Orioles franchise, which had previously been the St. Louis Browns, began play in 1954. That same year, the Supreme Court issued its historic ruling on school desegregation in Brown v. Board of Education. By the time Baltimore acquired a new major league franchise in the 1950s, baseball’s color line had been broken. From 1954 until Robinson donned the Oriole uniform, O’s management failed to sign many black players. African-American players who did join the squad often found themselves in the minors. Local civil rights groups and the black press kept up the pressure on the organization to acquire more black players, especially those who possessed star power and could help increase black attendance at ballgames. Sportswriters such as the Baltimore Afro-American’s Sam Lacy took on Orioles management for its slow pace of integration. Lacy and others attributed the Orioles’ on-field struggles (six losing seasons in their first nine years in Baltimore) to the organization’s weak pursuit of African American players. Luke argues persuasively that, prior to the Robinson trade, “A rocky journey strewn with empty promises, a tin ear toward African Americans’ (players’ as well as city residents’) concerns, and revolving cameo appearances by black players…marked the Orioles’ early years” (p. 4). To make matters worse, Baltimore’s small cadre of black players faced the indignity and injustice of segregation in local housing, hotels, restaurants, and other public accommodations. The Robinson-Pappas trade paved the way for a new era in the history of the Orioles. As the civil rights legislation of the 1960s broke down legalized segregation in Baltimore and around the country, the Orioles finally began to embrace black players and became a different team in terms of success and demographics. From 1966 to 1985, the Orioles won three World Series championships and had only one losing season. The link between an increasing presence of high-quality black players and on-field accomplishment was obvious. With diamond greats such as Robinson, Al Bumbry", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505959	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What wife of an Asian dictator famously owned more than 1,000 pairs of shoes?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In the Philippines, the Marcos name is back, even as memories of the dictator have faded - LA Times In the Philippines, the Marcos name is back, even as memories of the dictator have faded Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Ted Aljibeted Aljibe/AFP/Getty Images Vice-presidential candidate and son of the late dictator Ferdinand, Marcos Ferdinand Marcos Jr., reacts as confetti rains during a campaign event in Manila on May 5, 2016. Vice-presidential candidate and son of the late dictator Ferdinand, Marcos Ferdinand Marcos Jr., reacts as confetti rains during a campaign event in Manila on May 5, 2016. (Ted Aljibeted Aljibe/AFP/Getty Images) Jonathan Kaiman, Sunshine de Leon In the Philippines, the Marcos name is back in vogue. For two decades, the dictator Ferdinand Marcos pilfered billions from the country’s public coffers; his government reportedly tortured opponents by shocking them with live wires and burning them with irons. After his ouster in 1986, his legacy was so toxic that then-President Corazon Aquino established an office— the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) — to “restore the institution’s integrity and credibility,” according to its website. ------------ FOR THE RECORD May 7, 6:23 p.m.: An earlier version of this post referred to Ferdinand Marcos' three children. He was the father of four. ------------ Yet memories of the dictatorship’s brutality have begun to fade, even as the country’s next presidential elections, scheduled for May 9, have brought his name back into the spotlight. Marcos’ son Ferdinand Marcos Jr., known by his nickname “Bongbong,” is leading opinion polls in the vice presidential race. (In the Philippines, the president and vice president are elected separately.) In this May 5 photo, vice presidential candidate Sen. Ferdinand \"Bongbong\" Aaron Favila / Associated Press In this May 5 photo, vice presidential candidate Sen. Ferdinand \"Bongbong\" Marcos Jr. gestures during his last campaign rally for Monday's presidential elections in suburban Mandaluyong city, east of Manila. In this May 5 photo, vice presidential candidate Sen. Ferdinand \"Bongbong\" Marcos Jr. gestures during his last campaign rally for Monday's presidential elections in suburban Mandaluyong city, east of Manila. (Aaron Favila / Associated Press) Many Filipinos believe the country needs a strong, no-nonsense leader to help overcome its struggles with corruption, poverty, drugs and crime. Ronald Chua, a PCGG commissioner, ascribed Marcos Jr.’s popularity to young Filipinos who did not experience life under his father’s rule. “To be honest, millennials, they don’t have any idea of what happened in the '60s and '70s,” he said. “What they know is only what they read in the books, and it’s just not enough information — what you can read in the textbooks now is, I would say, just 1% of what happened during the time.” How a Marcos Jr. vice presidency would coexist with the commission remains an open question. The organization is not partisan, Chua said, but if Marcos is elected, “it will be harder for the office to perform its function.” (Julie Makinen and Sunshine De Leon) Over the past six years, under President Benigno Aquino III, the Philippines’ annual economic growth rate has been above 6%, ranking the country among the world’s fastest-growing economies. Yet more than a quarter of Filipinos remain impoverished, and the extreme gap between rich and poor weighs heavy in the minds of citizens. Rodrigo Duterte, a 71-year-old city mayor and self-styled strongman, is leading in the presidential polls. “People who are supporting Bongbong Marcos are the same people who are favorably inclined toward Duterte,” said Gerard Finin, director and senior research fellow at the East-West Center in Honolulu. “These are people who think strong leadership is necessary regardless of rule of law. I don’t think that’s a majority by any means, but there are people who have forgotten the position martial law left the Philippines in, in terms of human rights, the economy — all the things that have taken decades to rebuild.” See more of our top stori", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505960	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What type of eggs does Sam-I-Am want you to eat?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Green Eggs And Ham Lyrics - Dr. Seuss I like green eggs and ham! I do! I like them, Sam-I-am! And I would eat them in a boat! And I would eat them with a goat. And I will eat them in the rain. And in the dark. And on a train. And in a car. And in a tree. They are so good so good you see! So I will eat them in a box. And I will eat them with a fox. And I will eat them in a house. And I will eat them with a mouse. And I will eat them here and there. Say! I will eat them anywhere! I do so like", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505961	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Chinese philosophical system translates into English as ‘Wind – Water’?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Chinese symbols and their Translations Chinese symbols and their translations Share the Symbols on this page: Tweet The Culture of China is one of the world's oldest and most complex cultures. The area in which the culture is dominant covers a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions varying greatly between towns, cities and provinces. Most social values are derived from Confucianism and Taoism. In ancient times there were several well known chinese symbols. Here is our collection of chinese symbols. Chinese characters or symbols usually have one or more meanings and some of them are particularly loved by Chinese people. Here is the top ten list of the lucky ones. Please note Pinyin is also used here, which is the Chinese spelling system for the characters. For example, fu is the pinyin for good luck in Chinese. But fu is only the phonic part of the character and it also represents other Chinese characters that sound the same. Fu - Blessing, Good Fortune, Good Luck Fu is one of the most popular Chinese characters used in Chinese New Year. It is often posted upside down on the front door of a house or an apartment. The upside down fu means good luck came since the character for upsite down in Chinese sounds the same as the character for came. Lu - Prosperity It used to mean official's salary in feudal China. Fengshui is believed to be the Chinese way to health, wealth and happiness. If you are interested in Fengshui, you may check out the book 'The Feng Shui Kit.' Shou - Longevity Shou also means life, age or birthday. Xi - Happiness Double happiness is usually posted everywhere on Chinese weddings. Related Chinese Jewelry I Ching Cai - wealth, money Chinese often say money can make a ghost turn a millstone. It is to say money really can do a lot of things. Buy Direct He - harmonious 'People harmony' is an important part of Chinese culture. When you have harmonious relations with others, things will be a lot easier for you. Ai - love, affection Don't need to say any more about this one. Just want to point out ai is often used with 'mianzi' together. Aimianzi means 'be concerned about one's face-saving.' Mei - beautiful, pretty The United States of American is called Mei Guo in the short form. Guo means country so Meiguo is a good name. Ji - lucky, auspicious, propitious Hope all is well. De - virtue, moral De means virtue, moral, heart, mind, and kindness, etc. It is also used in the name for Germany, i.e., De Guo. Here are the chinese zodiac signs. These are important chinese symbols that have deep meaning for the chinese and many other people who are interested in horoscopes. Dog - The Dog is one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. The Year of the Dog is associated with the earthly branch symbol. Dragon - The Dragon, is one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar, and the only animal that is legendary. The Year of the Dragon is associated with the earthly branch symbol. Honest, sensitive, and brave, these individuals are most compatible with Rats, Snakes, Monkeys, and Roosters. Horse - The Horse is the seventh of the 12 animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. The Year of the Horse is associated with the earthly branch symbol. Monkey - The Monkey is the ninth of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. The Year of the Monkey is associated with the earthly branch symbol. Ox - The Ox is one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. The Year of the Ox is denoted by the earthly branch character. In the Vietnamese zodiac, the water buffalo occupies the position of the ox. Pig - The Pig, or Boar, is the last of the 12 animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac. The Year of the Pig is associated with the earthly branch Hai. In Chinese culture, the pig is associated with fertility and virility. To bear children in the Year of the P", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505962	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What famous event for daredevils happens in Pamplona, Spain?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Daredevils are tossed head over heels and trampled on at Pamplona festival but one man finds time for a SELFIE – The Sun What a shot! A runner goes for the ultimate selfie with a raging bull during the first race of the eight-day festival AP:Associated Press One runner is pushed head over heels by a charging bull as others scramble away from the scene AP:Associated Press An unlucky runner is pushed over by a raging bull as fellow runners, clad in white and red, look on Alamy Run for it! Thousands of thrill-seekers head to Pamplona, risking life and limb to run with the bulls Getty Images Four people were injured in the crowd of thousands who tried to outrun furious bulls in the streets of northern Spain EFE Thousands of thrill-seekers ran with the bulls through Pamplona, with one tactic to try to stay as close to the bull as possible EFE Four people were injured as they ran from the bulls with three suffering head injuries and another suffering an arm injury EFE Thursday morning was just the first bull run of the season with the festival making the northern Spanish town famous Getty Images Many people struggle to keep up with the adrenaline-fuelled race and can be trampled by a bull or running people if they fall Getty Images A man lies on the ground as the fighting bulls run past him - the man was lucky to escape with the risk of being gored by bull horns a dangerous possibility EPA An unidentified runner is taken away for treatment after suffering cuts and bruises during the bull run Reuters The bulls will face fights with matadors in the afternoon and are face certain death RELATED STORIES RUNNING OF THE BOOBS Girls go wild as they let strangers grope their breasts at running of the bulls festival in Pamplona MISTAKEN IDENTITY Tourists can treat themselves to toys and balloons including Dora the Explorer during the festival Reuters Thursday's run lasted 2 minutes, 28 seconds as the runners and bulls alike ran through the streets Reuters One runner tries to take cover from the charging bulls. In all, 15 people have died from gorings in the San Fermin festival since record-keeping began in 1924 AP:Associated Press One of the adrenaline-junkees is charged by a bull during the race, which doesn't even last three minutes AP:Associated Press One of the runners falls over as he tries to escape the raging bull ploughing through the crowd Getty Images Some Spanish locals prefer to stay out of harm's way, watching the festival take place from their balconies EPA Bull runners point rolled-up newspapers at a small san Fermin statue with candles inside a niche on the Cuesta Santo Domingo as they sing a song to the saint to protect them before the start of the morning's bull run EFE A view of the St. Fermin statue (centre) in its niche before the race with the runners saying a prayer to the statue to keep them safe Reuters A runner tries to escape the raging bull, clambering over a barrier as it head butts him Reuters Safe! The runner falls head first over the barrier as he escapes the raging bull Reuters A spectator in an astronaut suit watches from a balcony as the effigy of San Fermin is carried through the centre of Pamplona Reuters The runners must run down a narrow 930-yard course from a holding pen to Pamplona's bull ring Reuters A wild cow jumps over the runners in the first day of the festival, which saw four people injured EFE Runners perform the traditional song to St Fermin, hoping for protection, before the annual race begins Getty Images Participants are forced to run for the lives for fun as part of the annual Spanish festival Getty Images Most people are injured from falling over in the rush to escape the charging bulls Reuters The runs are televised every morning with the participants required to run with six charging bulls through to the bull ring Getty Images A band surrounded by police plays as revellers celebrate the 'Chupinazo', which sees a rocket let off to announce the start of the festival Getty Images People wait for the procession in the centre of Pamplona after the first running of the bulls through the", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505963	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Who painted \"\"Girl with a white dog\"\" found in the Tate London?\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tate Britain \| One Stop Arts \| London Visual arts review See listing details Note: As of May 13, 2013, Tate Britain has entirely rehung its permanent collection. Our contributor Frances Wilson's article on the current galleries can be found here: http://onestoparts.com/article-tate-britain-rehang-may-2013-500-years-british-art The focus of Tate Britain is on British art from 1500 onwards. There is a remarkable section on the Romantics and in particular J M W Turner (the Tate holds the largest collection of his work in the world). In addition, the BP British Art Displays ensure that a wide range of 20th century artists are also on display. A Walk through the Twentieth Century forms part of the BP British Art Displays and features an impression collection of world renowned artists such as Lucian Freud, Gilbert & George, David Hockney and Henry Moore. The works from the 20th century are arranged in roughly chronological order and generally feature one, two or three pieces of work from each artist. The Harry and Carol Djanogly Gallery features key works from the historic collection including several paintings by William Hogarth, who painted during the 18th century. Hogarth is known for his satirical and frequently subversive style, depicting subjects and themes such as the city, social integration, political corruption and patriotism. A past exhibition held at the Tate Britain put forward the idea that Hogarth was “Britain’s first truly modern artist.” The highlight of Tate Britain has to be their extensive Romantics collection, containing works by William Blake, John Constable and others as well as Turner. Romanticism, which emerged at the end of the 18th century, was a re-thinking of art and literature away from the classical tradition: it was a time when great emphasis was put on personalised responses to the natural world. Constable is renowned for sketching in oils in the open air (a technique which sets him apart from his predecessors who tended to paint in a studio) and several of his vibrant landscapes are on display. The paintings from Turner’s later work are fantastic. Featuring scenes of nature and the sea, they are characterised by an expressive use of colour, by indistinct, unresolved forms and above all by his depiction of light. An interactive part of the exhibition is dedicated to the study of Turner’s artistic techniques. Inspired by the idea that copying was a vital part of an artist’s education in the 18th & 19th century, visitors are encouraged to draw in the style of Turner by copying one of his sketches. Tate Britain is a celebration of British art over the past five hundred years; its Turner collection is outstanding and there are always exciting temporary exhibitions on display. Tate BritainSarah Brooks' review of Tate Britain in London.5 Date reviewed: Thursday 22nd September 2011 Share this", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505964	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; According to research, the perception and interpretation of body language is generally strongest in?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Psychology of Color - Psychology of Emotions - Psychologist World The Psychology of Color Posted in Psychology of Emotions Color and Mood Does color affect your mood? Psychologists have said \"Absolutely!\" to that question for a very long time. The psychological effects of color have such an underpinning in research that the findings of chromology, the psychology of color, are used in designing everything from hotel rooms to cereal packages. In one case that made headlines recently, the psychology of color provoked a storm of controversy. At the of Iowa , the visiting team's locker rooms are painted a soft, feminine pink. The lockers themselves are a dusty rose, the showers have pink shower curtains, and even the urinals are of pink porcelain. The color scheme is a long-standing and well-known tradition that sparked fires of controversy recently when a female professor took exception to the implied insult to women. According to history, though, the choice of \"innocence pink\" had nothing to do with femininity. The color was chosen by former Iowa football coach, Hayden Fry, who had read that pink has a calming effect on people. And according to Fry, it works - if not necessarily as intended. In his autobiography, A High Porch Picnic [1] , he writes, \"When I talk to an opposing coach before a game and he mentions the pink walls, I know I've got him. I can't recall a coach who has stirred up a fuss about the color and then beat us.\" Pink isn't the only color that has clear psychological associations. Over the years, researchers have worked to identify exactly what emotions and physical effects are triggered by various colors. Despite the amount of research done in the field and the widespread acceptance of many of its basic theories, chromology is often viewed as an immature discipline, and chromatherapy is seen as alternative medicine. Critics point out that color perception is affected by cultural conditioning, and that color is not perceived alone but in combination with other effects in the environment. Despite all this, there are some generally recognized associations between color and emotion. The chart below gives those associations and ways in which that color is used. Red Red increases the pulse and heart rate, and raises your blood pressure. It increases the appetite by increasing your metabolism, which is why red is such a popular color in restaurants. It is active, aggressive and outspoken. One bank found that their lines moved faster when they increased the use of red in the bank lobby, and in a study of several hundred college students, a researcher found that they responded more quickly to cues under red light than under green light.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505965	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which English town is connected with Count Dracula?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "BBC - York & North Yorkshire - Whitby's Dracula connections York & North Yorkshire Whitby resident Bram Stoker was very taken with the atmosphere of Whitby Bram Stoker found some of his inspiration for 'Dracula' after staying in Whitby in 1890. He stayed in a house on the West Cliff and was trying to decide whether it would be suitable for a family holiday. By all accounts, he was quite smitten with the atmosphere of the town; the red roofs, Whitby Abbey, the church with its tombstones and even the bats flying around the many churches. Stoker found a general history book at Whitby library, which was originally near the Quayside. He tells us so at the top of a sheet of his notes taken from William Wilkinson's 'An Account of the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia' (1820). These notes contain the only reference to Dracula, the historical figure, in all of Stoker's papers. \"...there was a look of fear and horror on his face that the men said made them shudder. Poor dear old man! Perhaps he had seen Death with his dying eyes!\" 'Dracula' by Bram Stoker (1897) There seems to be little doubt that Whitby is where he discovered the name. It is fairly certain that Stoker also found material in the British Museum in London. His name is listed among famous people who researched there. Stoker lists in his notes over 30 source books for the novel. Though none of them deals with Dracula, they include books on Transylvania, folklore and other relevant topics. Stoker's Dracula is shipwrecked off the Yorkshire coast, he is actually on his way to London on the Russian schooner, Demeter. He comes ashore in the guise of a black dog and wreaks havoc on the town. One of the characters in the novel, Mina, keeps a journal containing detailed descriptions of Whitby and those areas frequented by Dracula. \"Right over the town is the ruin of Whitby Abbey, which was sacked by the Danes, and which is the scene of part of \"Marmion,\" where the girl was built up in the wall. It is a most noble ruin, of immense size, and full of beautiful and romantic bits; there is a legend that a white lady is seen in one of the windows.\" 'Dracula' by Bram Stoker (1897). Amazingly, many visitors to Whitby ask where Dracula's grave is located, forgetting that he is a work of fiction. The Count's devotees search St Mary's Church graveyard, after scaling the 199 steps, in search of his last resting place! In short, Whitby provided Bram Stoker with an atmospheric backdrop to his novel, a quiet place to indulge in a little library research and a place to have a wonderful family seaside holiday. Forget what you think you know about Dracula and Whitby, read the novel and be surprised! Bookmark with:", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505966	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In cricket parlance, what are ‘buzzers’?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Glossary of Cricket Terms and Cricket Terminology top A Agricultural shot this is a swing across the line of the ball (resembling a scything motion) played without much technique. Often one that results in a chunk of the pitch being dug up by the bat. A type of a slog. All out when an innings is ended due to ten of the eleven batsmen on the batting side being either dismissed or unable to bat because of injury or illness. All-rounder a player adept at both batting and bowling. In the modern era, this term can also refer to a wicket-keeper adept at batting. Anchor a top-order batsman capable of batting for a long duration throughout the innings. Usually batsman playing at numbers 3 or 4 play such a role, especially if there is a batting collapse. An anchor plays defensively, and is often the top scorer in the innings. Appeal the act of a bowler or fielder shouting at the umpire to ask if his last ball took the batsman's wicket. Usually phrased in the form of howzat (how-is-that?). Common variations include 'Howzee?' (how is he?), or simply turning to the umpire and shouting. Approach The motion of the bowler prior to bowling the ball. It is also known as the run-up. Also the ground a bowler runs on during his run up. Eg: \"Play was delayed because the bowler's approaches were slippery.\" Arm ball a deceptive delivery bowled by an off spin bowler that is not spun, so, unlike the off break, it travels straight on (with the bowler's arm). A particularly good bowler's arm ball might also swing away from the batsman in the air (or in to him when delivered by a left-armer). Around the wicket or round the wicket a right-handed bowler passing to the right of the stumps during his bowling action, and vice-versa for left-handed bowlers. Ashes, the the perpetual prize in England v Australia Test match series. The small wooden urn contains ashes collected after burning the bails used when Australia first beat England in England, at The Oval in 1882 (the first Test match between the two nations was in Melbourne in 1877). Asking rate the rate at which the team batting needs to score to catch the opponents score in a limited overs game. Attacking shot A shot of aggression or strength designed to score runs. Average A bowler's bowling average is defined as the total number of runs conceded by the bowler (including wides and no-balls) divided by the number of wickets taken by the bowler. A batsman's batting average is defined as the total number of runs scored by the batsman divided by the number of times he has been dismissed. Away Swing top B Back foot in a batsman's stance the back foot is the foot that is nearer to the stumps. A bowler's front foot is the last foot to contact the ground before the ball is released. The other foot is the back foot. Unless the bowler is bowling off the wrong foot the bowling foot is the back foot. Back foot contact is the position of the bowler at the moment when his back foot lands on the ground just prior to delivering the ball. Back foot shot a shot played with the batsman's weight on his back foot (i.e. the foot furthest from the bowler). Back spin (also under-spin) a delivery which has a rotation backwards so that after pitching it immediately slows down, or bounces lower and skids on to the batsman. Backing up 1. The non-striking batsman leaving his crease during the delivery in order to shorten the distance to complete one run. A batsman \"backing up\" too far runs the risk of being run out, either by a fielder in a conventional run out, or - in a \"Mankad\" - by the bowler themself. 2. after a fielder chases the ball, another fielder placed at a further distance also moves into position so that if the fielder mis-fields the ball, the damage done is minimal. Also done to support a fielder receiving a throw from the outfield in case the throw is errant or not caught. Backlift the lifting of the bat in preparation to hit the ball. Bail one of the two small pieces of wood that lie on top of the stumps to form the wicket. Ball the round object which the batsman attempts to strike with the bat. Also a deliv", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505967	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What breed of dog is most commonly associated with fire stations?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Why Are Dalmatians the Official Firehouse Dogs? Why Are Dalmatians the Official Firehouse Dogs? By Remy Melina \| May 19, 2011 12:22pm ET MORE Credit: jimsphotos \| dreamstime The tradition of Dalmatians in firehouses dates back more than a century. Nowadays they mainly serve as mascots, but before fire trucks had engines, Dalmatians played a vital role every time firefighters raced to a blaze. It all dates back to when people used horse-drawn carriages. But, at first, the dogs didn't have anything to do with fire fighters. People realized that Dalmatians would run alongside horses, keeping pace even when sprinting long distances. The dogs would even defend the horses from other dogs or animals that could spook or attack the horses during the ride. Dalmatians often ran in pairs, with one on either side of the coach, or close behind the horses. English aristocrats during the early 1700s were among the first known to use Dalmatians to accompany their carriages, according to Trevor J. Orsinger's book, \"The Firefighter's Best Friend: Lives and Legends of Chicago Firehouse Dogs.\" The dogs became a status symbol of sorts; the more Dalmatians you had running beside your coach represented your social standing. The use of Dalmatians carried over to the horse-drawn wagons that firefighters rode to the scene of a fire. When a fire alarm sounded, the Dalmatians would run out of the firehouse, barking to let bystanders know that they should get out of the way because the firefighters' wagon would soon come roaring by. Once the wagon was out on the street, the Dalmatians would run beside it. The brave, loyal dogs also served an important purpose once the wagon approached a fire. Horses are afraid of fire, and the Dalmatians' presence could distract and comfort the horses as they pulled the wagon closer to a blaze. The Dalmatians also stood guard near the wagon to ensure that no one stole the firefighter's belongings, equipment or horses. You would think that with the invention of the automobile, Dalmatians would no longer be needed by firemen. Some firehouses, however, have kept the dogs around as friendly companions in order to preserve the tradition. Dalmatians continue to guard firefighters' possessions, but instead of running alongside fire trucks, they ride inside of them. The dogs are also known to catch and kill rats that have taken up residence in firehouses. One firehouse that continues to have a Dalmatian is Fire Department New York City's Ladder 20. Their 10-year-old dog is named Twenty, and can sometimes be spotted sticking her head out of the window as the department's fire truck races through the streets of Manhattan. Twenty the Dalmatian riding with FDNY's Ladder 20. Credit: ScoutingNY.com", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505968	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which king founded Eton College in 1440?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "briefhistory / HOME / About Eton /History A brief history of Eton College Eton was founded in 1440 by King Henry VI as \"Kynge's College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore” to provide free education to 70 poor boys who would then go on to King's College, Cambridge, which he founded 1441. When Henry founded the school, he granted it a large number of endowments, but when he was deposed by Edward IV in 1461, the new king removed most of its assets and treasures to St George's Chapel, Windsor, on the other side of the River Thames. Construction of the chapel, originally intended to be slightly over twice its current length was stopped hurriedly, but by this time the chapel in its current form and the lower storeys of the current cloisters, including College Hall, had been completed. With reduced funds, little further building took place until around 1517 when Provost Roger Lupton built the tower which now bears his name together with the range of buildings which now includes Election Hall and Election Chamber. The earliest records of school life date from the 16th century and paint a picture of a regimented and Spartan life. Scholars were awakened at 5 am, chanted prayers whilst they dressed, and were at work in Lower School by 6am. All teaching was in Latin and lessons were supervised by “praepostors”, senior boys appointed by the headmaster. There was a single hour of play, though even at that time football appears to have been popular, for a sentence set for Latin translation in 1519 was “We will play with a bag full of wynde”. Lessons finished at 8pm and there were only two holidays, each of three weeks duration at Christmas (when the scholars remained at Eton) and in the Summer. These holidays divided the school year into two “halves” a word which has survived despite the change to a three-term year in the 18th century. From the earliest days of the school, the education received by the scholars was shared by others who did not lodge in College, but who lived in the town with a landlady. By the early 18th century the number of such “Oppidans” (from the Latin “oppidum” meaning “town”) had grown to the extent that more formal arrangements were needed, and the first of the “Dame’s Houses”, Jourdelay’s, was built in 1722. By 1766 there were thirteen houses, and increasingly the responsibility for running them fell to masters as much as to the dame. The school continued to grow and flourished particularly under the long reign of George III (1760-1820). George spent much of his time at Windsor, frequently visiting the school and entertaining boys at Windsor Castle. The school in turn made George’s birthday, the Fourth of June, into a holiday. Though these celebrations now never fall on that day, Eton’s “Fourth of June”, marked by “speeches”, cricket, a procession of boats, and picnics on “Agar’s Plough” remains an important occasion in the school year. By the middle of the 19th century reform was long overdue; the Clarendon Commission of 1861 investigated conditions in the major boarding schools of the day and led to significant changes including improved accommodation, a wider curriculum and better-qualified staff. Numbers continued to grow, and by 1891 there were over 1000 boys in the school, a figure which grew pretty steadily until the 1970s, by which time the school had reached its present size of around 1300 boys. The new millennium saw the introduction of a more meritocratic entry system, with boys no longer being entered on house lists at birth – from 2002, all boys had to win their places through the current procedure of an interview, reasoning test and reference from their previous school. In the 21st century, emphasis continues to be on widening access, with boys joining us from more and more schools and growing numbers receiving substantial fee remissions.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505969	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What are French speaking Belgians called", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Belgium \| Uncyclopedia \| Fandom powered by Wikia edit Language Belgium has four official languages: French in the southern part, Dutch in the northern part, German in the Nazi part, and Nothing throughout the whole country. Which they all scarily and absurdly master better than all other people speaking these languages, and certainly better than the Hollanders . Except for Herman Van Rompuy. edit Dutch and the Move to Flemish Movement A lot of Belgians speak Dutch. The reason for this is, as the Belgians claim, \"because our mommies and daddies speak it\". Further linguistic examination shows us that these mommies and daddies' mommies and daddies respond with the exact same answer. Nevertheless, even further examination remarkably shows that the mommies and daddies of the mommies and daddies' mommies and daddies do not speak Dutch at all - they are all, without exception, speakers of the language of Nothing. Some recent studies could establish a relationship between this fact on the one hand and on the other hand, the fact that they're all dead. Though some quite critical critics object this theory. However, in the Late Middle Ages, some famous - though in reality, all Belgians are just equally unknown - and ingenious Belgians discovered that speaking Dutch causes some severe issues, some of which fatal. These issues had eventually moved the Belgians to make the Move to Flemish Movement. Most importantly, the disgust that certain Dutch phonemes universally bring on - and in particular the extremely sickening and horridly repulsing rasping-and-retching sound which the Hollanders still think the CH should be pronounced as - used to be of great inconvenience: in those days it wasn't uncommon at all to see people around you vomit whenever you started speaking. People simply got overwhelmed by uncontrollable revulsion. Certainly in periods of famine, this was a huge problem. This is the main reason why the Dutch up to today, not having moved to Flemish, are still very tight with money: one has always to be prepared for a period of less resistance to Dutch speech disgust. In these times of famine, a very effective way of joking and bullying (and murdering) consisted of constantly saying goodday, good morning and good afternoon, which in Dutch is CHCHoeiedaCH, CHoeiemojCHCHe and CHCHoeiemiddaCHCH. If good evening didn't do the trick (CHoeie afent), you could still have some patience and remorselessly throw them the words CHCHCHoeienaCHCHt in the face (good night). And if even that was not enough, you could still give that old Dutch cradlesong a try that imitates the sea sound. Translated into Dutch, this gives the following lyrics: CHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCH. Dutch bedclothes were often dirty. What is more, the Dutch language, internationally accepted as the Big Throat Disease, causes throat cancer. Therefore, Dutchmen very commonly die young, with their voice and power of speech deteriorating at the speed of voice-and-power-of-speech-deterioration. Already in an early stage, the only sound they can make is that of the old lullaby mentioned above. In the earliest stages of Belgianness, the Belgians desperately needed to reproduce (originally, in the Stone Age, the total number of Belgians was zero), so they couldn't afford anyone to die of linguistic causes. Belgian investigation again proves that \"Even when the Dutch do not die of throat cancer, they always die\", giving them an extra reason to move to Flemish. On top of that, not suffering from the Dutchmen's minority complex, Belgians find it unnecessary to always be talking in a shouting and squealing way to get the public's attention. To the contrary, the Belgians, as already emerged in this article, prefer to mysteriously stay in the background to hide their world domination plans. Dutchmen were also frequently shot and killed by hunters, who reported that they sounded like crows, vultures, ostriches, baboons, hyenas, sharks, Dutchmen, geese, evil donkeys, and that \"I am just necrophiliac\". Given all these reasons, it has been a wise decision of the Belg", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505970	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is the first female African head of state - in which country?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Africa's first female president - World news - Africa \| NBC News Advertise Two U.S. Navy warships were visible offshore for the first time since the war ended in 2003, a rare show of support also meant to protect two high-profile American guests, first lady Laura Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. Security was tight, with armed U.N. peacekeepers surveying the scene with binoculars from atop surrounding buildings. The U.N. redeployed 500 peacekeepers previously stationed outside the capital to strategic points in Monrovia and the international airport. Taylor legacy Sirleaf will serve a six-year term as head of Africa's oldest republic, founded by freed American slaves in 1847. The country has known little but war, however, since a rebel group led by Charles Taylor plunged the country into chaos, invading from neighboring Ivory Coast in 1989. Taylor became president in 1997 but stepped down and was exiled to Nigeria as part of the 2003 peace deal brokered as rebels pressed on the capital. He is now wanted on war crimes charges by a U.N.-backed war crimes court in Sierra Leone for his role in backing a brutal rebel group during that country's 1991-2002 civil war. On a flight to Monrovia early Monday, Rice told reporters Taylor \"is through raping and pillaging this country, and the Liberian people are trying to look forward.\" Nigeria has refused to hand Taylor over to the court and Sirleaf has said only that she would consult with regional leaders regarding Taylor's future. Rice said she's confident Sirleaf will work to hand Taylor over to the Sierra Leone court. Rich in diamonds, iron ore and timber, Liberia was relatively prosperous and peaceful until a 1980 coup saw illiterate Master Sgt. Samuel Doe seize power and order Cabinet ministers tied to poles in their underwear and executed. Harvard-educated Sirleaf was finance minister at the time, but was spared, she told The Associated Press in a recent interview, \"by the grace of God.\" Twice imprisoned in the 1980s by Doe's junta, Sirleaf fled into exile. When Taylor launched a rebel invasion in 1989, Sirleaf briefly supported him — a move that still draws criticism today. The war saw children as young as 10 take up arms. Fighting uprooted half the country's three million people and killed 200,000. Challenges ahead for ‘Iron Lady’ A truce paved the way for presidential elections in 1997 that Sirleaf lost to Taylor. The brazen bid earned her the nickname \"Iron Lady.\" After another rebel war forced Taylor from power in 2003, Sirleaf ran for president again, this time winning a heated November run-off buoyed by a resume that included senior jobs at Citibank, the U.N. and the World Bank. Her soccer star rival, George Weah, was backed by ex-rebel leaders and many ex-combatants. Sirleaf inherits a nation in tatters. The capital has no running water or electricity, and unemployment is an astounding 80 percent. Reflecting how slowly economic wheels are turning, the annual budget is a mere $80 million. Annual donor aid is three-and-a-half times that. Sirleaf says her top priorities include stamping out corruption, getting electricity in the capital and assuring a future for 100,000 ex-combatants who laid down arms last year, many of whom are prowling the streets, unemployed. © 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505971	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What's the world's second-tallest mountain?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Photos: The World's Tallest Mountains Photos: The World's Tallest Mountains By Remy Melina \| August 9, 2010 01:49pm ET MORE Credit: NASA Intro Scientists are now able to pinpoint exactly how tall every mountain on Earth is, thanks to NASA's use of the Earth Observing System series of satellites. Measuring each mountain's summit, or tallest point, by their height above sea level, the 10 tallest mountains in the world all turn out be located in the Himalayas . Each of these mountains belongs to the \"eight-thousanders\" club, a list that consists of the 14 mountains on Earth that are 8,000 meters (about 26,250 feet) tall or more. Meet the \"eight-thousanders\" and the brutal challenges they pose to the people who try to climb them. 2 of 12 Annapurna I Nepal 26,545 feet (8,091 meters) The tenth highest mountain in the world, Annapurna I is located in western Nepal, while its smaller sister mountain Annapurna II is in the east. The name Annapurna translates to Goddess of the Harvests in Sanskrit, and is the name of a goddess of fertility and agriculture in Hinduism. French mountaineers Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal were the first to reach Annapurna's summit in 1950, in the process becoming the first people in the world to climb a peak over 26,247 feet (8,000) meters. During the perilous journey, frostbite and gangrene forced the expedition doctor to perform emergency amputations, removing both of the explorers' toes and most of Herzog's fingers without anesthetic. 3 of 12 Nanga Parbat Pakistan 26,657 feet (8,125 meters) Nanga Parbat means \"Naked Mountain\" in Urdu and is also known by the name Diamir, or the \"Dwelling Place of the Fairies.\" Its dangerous ice-covered terrain has also earned it the nickname \"deadly mountain,\" as more than 60 mountain climbers have lost their lives attempting to scale the mountain, according to NASA. Climbing Nanga Parbat is in fact so dangerous that while over 1,800 people have reached Everest's summit, only about 216 people have successfully gotten to the top of Nanga Parbat. 4 of 12 Manaslu Nepal 26,781 feet (8,163 meters) Located in the Mansiri Himal part of the Nepalese Himalayas, Manaslu translates to \"Mountain of the Spirit\" and is known for its beautiful valley glaciers and steep, snowy peaks. Prone to avalanches, glacier falls, monsoon rainfall and landslides, Manaslu's various scenic trekking routes are also treacherous. Reaching the mountain's summit was not even attempted until the early 1950s, and the first climbers to successfully do so were the Japanese explorers Toshio Imanishi and Gyalzen Norbu, who mounted the summit in 1956. 5 of 12 Dhaulagiri Nepal 26,795 feet (8,167 meters) Dhaulagiri means \"White Mountain\" in Sanskrit and was named by Max Eiselin, who led a Swiss expedition to its summit in 1960. This was the first Himalayan climb supported by an aircraft, but after the plane crashed, it was abandoned and left in a valley north of the mountain and the mountaineers continued their trek. Dhaulagiri, located in north central Nepal, has a topography consisting of ridges, glaciers and ice falls. It boasts technically challenging routes and massive drops and is therefore mostly attempted only by seasoned mountaineers. 6 of 12 Cho Oyu Nepal/China 26,864 feet (8,188 meters) Compared to Dhaulagiri, Cho Oyu is easier to climb and its summit can be reached in roughly three weeks. The mountain was first climbed in 1954 by Herbert Tichy, Joseph Jöchler and Sherpa Pasang Dawa Lama during an Austrian expedition. The mountain's friendly terrain and snow conditions have made it an increasingly popular destination for ski mountaineers and snowboarders. 7 of 12 Makalu Nepal/China 27,838 feet (8,485 meters) The only eight-thousander to possess an isolated peak shaped like an icy four-sided pyramid, Makalu was first climbed in 1955 by a French expedition led by Jean Franco. Located just 14 miles (22 kilometers) east of Mount Everest, the mountain is exceptionally hard to climb and only five of its initial 16 summit attempts were successful. Makalu's name is believed to be taken from the", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505972	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who had a No 1 in the 90's with Beetlebum", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Blur - Beetlebum - YouTube Blur - Beetlebum Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jul 25, 2008 Blur 21 -- Celebrating 21 years of Blur. To find out more, click here: http://smarturl.it/blur21y Follow Blur on Twitter: www.twitter.com/blurofficial Find Blur on Facebook: www.facebook.com/blur Music video by Blur performing Beetlebum. Category", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505973	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Name the composer born in Russia in 1882, he became a French citizen in 1934, and an American citizen in 1945, he died in New York City in 1971?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Igor Stravinsky, horoscope for birth date 17 June 1882, born in Oranienbaum, with Astrodatabank biography - Astro-Databank Igor Stravinsky Biography Russian composer and conductor, considered by many to be one of the greatest and most versatile composers of the twentieth century. He helped revolutionize modern music with his vast imagination and impeccable craftsmanship. Stravinsky was to music what Picasso was to art; he departed radically from musical tradition by using irregular, primitive rhythms and harsh dissonances. His greatest works include \"The Firebird,\" 1910, \"The Rites of Spring,\" 1913 \"Petrouchka,\" 1923, \"The Rake's Progress,\"1951, \"Symphony of Wind Instruments,\" 1920 and \"The Dumbarton Oaks Concerts,\" 1938. Author of \"Chronicles of My Life,\" 1936, \"The Poetics of Music,\" 1947. His later literary works \"Memoirs and Commentaries,\" 1960, \"Expositions and Developments,\" 1962 and \"Dialogues and a Diary,\" 1963, were all co-written with American composer Robert Craft. Stravinsky led a privileged childhood, spending much of his youth on the vast estates of his aristocratic relatives. His father was a Russian opera singer who raised his son to be educated for the law. Music was young Igor's avocation until he met Rimsy-Korsakov in 1902, and began to study music formally with him in 1907. One year later his first symphony was performed. His prodigious ability was brought to the attention of Russian impresario Sergei Diaghilev of the Ballet Russe, who commissioned the young composer to write ballet scores. Dropping his law books forever, Stravinsky became an overnight sensation when his famous ballet \"Firebird,\" was performed in 1910. When the avant-garde ballet \"The Rite of Spring,\" choreographed by Nijinsky, was first performed in Paris three years later, riotous protests broke out in what Stravinsky later called \"the battle of May 29, 1913.\" The following year the work was performed by a symphony orchestra and was recognized as a landmark and masterpiece of modern music. Only seven years prior he had decided on a career in music. After 1914 and the beginning of WW I, he left Russia for Switzerland where he composed ballets based on Russian themes, most notably, \"The Wedding\" in 1923. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Stravinsky considered himself an exile. Moving to Paris in the late '20s, he became a French citizen in 1934 and joined the Russian Orthodox Church in 1926; his devout Christianity inspired many of his later works. He toured Europe and the US as a pianist and as a conductor of his own works. Stravinsky married a cousin, Katrina Nossenico, on 1/11/1906. They had four children, son Theodore Fyodor, born 1907, daughter Ludmilla, born 1908, son Sviatoslav and daughter Milene born in 1914. In 1939, his wife, daughter and mother all died. He was invited to do the Harvard lecture series and he moved to the U.S. the following year, having lost so much of what his life meant in Europe. He became an American citizen in 1945. Acknowledging the American environment, he composed his famous \"Circus Polka\" in 1942 for the elephants of Barnum and Bailey Circus and his \"Ebony Concerto\" in 1945 for Woody Herman. The young American conductor Robert Craft became Stravinsky's inseparable assistant from 1948. On 3/9/1940 he married Vera Day Bosset Suderkine, a woman whom he had first met in 1921; they spent the happiest years of his life after that time. On his 80th birthday in 1962 Stravinsky made a triumphant return to Russia. In 1969 he and his wife moved to New York City. Stravinsky died holding his wife's hand on 4/06/1971, 5:20 AM, New York, NY. Following the death of his widow Vera in 1983, The Morgan library, The New York Public Library, his children and biographer and protégé Robert Craft fought bitterly over the possession of Stravinsky's archives. Swiss conductor and valium millionaire Paul Sacher finally won them for 5.25 million.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505974	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Glock gun is a noted export of what country?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Timeline \| GLOCK USA > 1963 GLOCK KG is founded by engineer Gaston Glock. The company produces a variety of plastic and steel parts. > 1970s The first military products are developed and produced including field knives, training hand grenades and machinegun belt links. > 1980 GLOCK receives a formal invitation from the Austrian Army to develop a new service sidearm. GLOCK Ges.m.b.H is formed. > 1981 The revolutionary, semi-automatic GLOCK service pistol—with polymer receiver and new “Safe Action”® System—is born. In addition, production starts on a field knife with a saw. > 1982 Commissioned by the Austrian Army, GLOCK competes in a battery of comprehensive and crucial testing exercises against international competition. Contract awarded to GLOCK! > 1983 GLOCK delivers first order of 30,000, G17 9x19 pistols to the Austrian Army. Development of GLOCK spade begins. > 1984 The GLOCK G17 pistol became standard issue for the Norwegian Army, its first NATO member country, and deliveries begin to the Norwegian Army. > 1985 Export marketing activities are intensified and the first subsidiary in the United States is formed. > 1986 The engineering, innovations, and durability of GLOCK pistols immediately capture the attention of both the U.S. law enforcement and commercial markets. > 1987 GLOCK develops the G18 \"Select Fire\" machine pistol—the smallest machine pistol in the world. Plant #2 in Ferlach/ Austria is inaugurated. > 1988 A second subsidiary is formed in Hong Kong to coordinate sales and marketing activities for Asia/Oceania. Production begins on the G19 Compact, and G17L Competition pistols. > 1989 The demand for GLOCK products increases exponentially and results in exports to more than 45 countries worldwide (special forces, police, and military). More than 350,000 pistols have been sold since 1982, and approximately 2,000 U.S. police departments are carrying 150,000 on duty. > 1990 A third subsidiary is formed in South America to coordinate sales and marketing activities for Latin/Central America and the Caribbean. Production begins on the G22 and G23 .40 pistol models. Plant #1 is expanded in Deutsch-Wagram. > 1991 Production begins on the G20, 10mm Auto pistol, and the G21, .45 Auto pistol comes into series production by mid-year. > 1994 Production begins on the G24 and G24C, chambered in .40. > 1995 Production begins on the G25, .380 Auto. In addition, production begins on subcompact models; the G26, 9x19, and the G27, .40. > 1996 Production begins on the G28, .380 Auto. Also, the G17T is introduced-the training pistol for marking and target cartridges. > 1997 Production begins on the G29, 10mm Auto, and the G30, .45 Auto. Plus, work is completed on the extension of the GLOCK Production Hall #1 in Ferlach, while construction for the new headquarters in Deutsch-Wagram commences. > 1998 Production begins on the .357, G31, G32, and G33 pistols, as well as compensated models G31C and G32C. In addition, production begins on the G34, 9x19, and the G35, .40. These models are designed in strict accordance with IPSC regulations. > 1999 Production begins on the “Slimline” model G36, .45 Auto, and the training pistol G17T AC, 7.8x21 caliber-now equalling 5 training models for different applications and environmental conditions. GLOCK presents the 2 millionth pistol at the Shot Show in Atlanta GA, USA. > 2000 Construction is completed on the new GLOCK headquarters in Deutsch-Wagram. > 2001 In response to some states’ laws, production begins on GLOCK models with integrated key locks. > 2002 Production begins on GLOCK Tactical Lights, and a complete product line of aiming and lighting modules—including visible and invisible lasers-is launched. > 2004 GLOCK introduces complete pistol line—standard, compact, and subcompact—in .45 G.A.P., delivering decisive firepower. > 2006 Celebration of 20 Years of Perfection in the USA. > 2007 Production begins on the GLOCK SF (Short Frame) pistols in .45 Auto and 10mm Auto. GLOCK reaches a significant milestone by selling a total of 5 million pistols worldwide. > 2009 Production begins on", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505975	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; For which movie did Katherine Hepburn win her third Oscar?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Katharine Hepburn - Awards - IMDb Katharine Hepburn Showing all 27 wins and 36 nominations Academy Awards, USA On Golden Pond (1981) Katharine Hepburn was not present at the awards ceremony. Presenter Jon Voight accepted the award ... More Katharine Hepburn was not present at the awards ceremony. Presenter Jon Voight accepted the award on her behalf. The Lion in Winter (1968) Tied with Barbra Streisand for Funny Girl (1968). Hepburn became the third performer to win ... More Tied with Barbra Streisand for Funny Girl (1968). Hepburn became the third performer to win consecutive awards, and the first to win three awards for lead roles. Anthony Harvey , the film's director, accepted the award on her behalf. Katharine Hepburn was not present at the awards ceremony. George Cukor accepted the award on her ... More Katharine Hepburn was not present at the awards ceremony. George Cukor accepted the award on her behalf. Katharine Hepburn was not present at the awards ceremony. Golden Globes, USA Lifetime Achievement Award in Comedy American Movie Awards Tied with Faye Dunaway for Bonnie and Clyde (1967). Golden Apple Awards Golden Apple Female Star of the Year After many decades she is still a superstar whose vitality and ability were displayed this year in ... More After many decades she is still a superstar whose vitality and ability were displayed this year in her Emmy-award winning Love Among the Ruins (1975) and Rooster Cogburn (1975). She has throughout the years earned the respect of her peers, the press and the public. Hasty Pudding Theatricals, USA", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505976	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which fruit has the scientific name of malus pumulia?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Apple (Malus pumila) Malus pumila Rose family (Rosaceae) Description: This small tree is typically 15-50' tall, forming a short crooked trunk about 1-2ï¿½' across and a globoid crown with spreading crooked branches. Trunk bark is reddish gray, thin, and irregularly fissured, while branch bark is more gray and smooth. Twigs are reddish brown to brown with scattered white lenticels; they are glabrous or pubescent. Young shoots are light gray-green to purple, terete, and densely pubescent. Alternate leaves about 2-3ï¿½\" long and 1ï¿½-2ï¿½\" across occur along the twigs and young shoots. The leaf blades are lanceolate-ovate to ovate in shape and finely serrated or crenulated along their margins. The upper surface of the leaf blades is yellowish green to dark green and hairless (or nearly so), while the lower surface is pale gray-green or whitish green and more or less downy from short fine hairs. The petioles are ï¿½-1ï¿½\" long, whitish green to dull purple, and downy from short fine hairs. Bases of the leaf blades are rounded or slightly cordate, while their tips are blunt to pointed. Relatively large flowers about 1ï¿½-2\" across are produced in small clusters from short spur twigs. Individual flowers have 5 rounded petals that are pinkish white to white and contracted at their bases, 5 lanceolate sepals that are pale gray-green and downy from short fine hairs, numerous stamens (about 20) with yellow anthers, and an inferior ovary with 5 styles. The sepals are much smaller than the petals. The slender pedicels are pale gray-green and downy from short fine hairs. The blooming period occurs during late spring for about 2 weeks (after the vernal leaves have unfolded). The flowers are fragrant. Fertile flowers are replaced by small green pomes that develop during the summer. At maturity during late summer or fall, the pomes are 1ï¿½-4\" across and more or less globoid in shape; each pome has a depression at its top and bottom. The exterior of mature pomes is usually greenish red or red (rarely yellow) and glabrous or nearly so; sometimes short fine hairs occur within the depressions of each pome. The fleshy interior of mature pomes is greenish white to pale yellow, crisp, and somewhat juicy; the flavor can be sour, sweet-sour, or sweet. Within the central portion of each pome, there are up to 10 brown seeds. These small seeds are ovoid and flattened. The deciduous leaves usually turn yellow during the autumn. Cultivation: The preference is full sun, moist to mesic well-drained conditions, and fertile loamy soil. The cultivated Apple is vulnerable to many insect pests and disease organisms, although some cultivars have greater resistance to them than others. Dwarf cultivars are available that produce full-sized fruit on trees less than 10' tall. Range & Habitat: As a naturalized tree, the non-native Apple is occasional in NE Illinois and uncommon elsewhere (see Distribution Map ). It was introduced from Eurasia into North America. Habitats for naturalized trees include woodland borders, disturbed meadows, abandoned orchards and old homesteads, areas along roads, and fence rows. Apple is often cultivated for its large edible fruit and it is used as an ornamental landscape tree. When it escapes from cultivation, Apple is not aggressive and invasive. The fruits of escaped trees are usually smaller than those of cultivated trees. Apple is vulnerable to wildfires. Faunal Associations: The flowers must be cross-pollinated by insects from other compatible trees, otherwise Apple does not set fruit. Bees are the most important visitors of the flowers, where they seek nectar or pollen. Typical bee visitors include honeybees, bumblebees, Andrenid bees (Andrena spp.), long-horned bees (Synhalonia spp.), and mason bees (Osmia spp.). Other insects eat the foliage, suck plant juices, bore through the wood, or feed destructively on the fruit and flowers. The caterpillars of the following butterflies occasionally eat the leaves of Apple and other Malus spp.: Limenitis archippus (Viceroy), Limenitis arthemis astyanax (Red-Spotted Purple), Papilio g", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505977	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Lulu sang the theme song to which 1967 film about an inner-city school, starring Sidney Poitier?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "To Sir, with Love (1967) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error To Sir, with Love ( 1967 ) Unrated \| Idealistic engineer-trainee and his experiences in teaching a group of rambunctious white high school students from the slums of London's East End. Director: E.R. Braithwaite (novel), James Clavell (written for the screen by) Stars: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 21 titles created 16 Jul 2013 a list of 29 titles created 28 Jun 2014 a list of 21 titles created 12 Apr 2015 a list of 28 titles created 10 months ago a list of 21 titles created 3 months ago Title: To Sir, with Love (1967) 7.7/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards » Photos After thirty years teaching in London, Mark Thackeray retires and returns to Chicago. There, however, the challenge of reaching kids in an inner city school proves too much to resist. Director: Peter Bogdanovich A traveling handyman becomes the answer to the prayers of nuns who wish to build a chapel in the desert. Director: Ralph Nelson A couple's attitudes are challenged when their daughter introduces them to her African American fiancé. Director: Stanley Kramer A blind, uneducated white girl is befriended by a black man, who becomes determined to help her escape her impoverished and abusive home life. Director: Guy Green A substantial insurance payment could mean either financial salvation or personal ruin for a poor black family. Director: Daniel Petrie A new English teacher at a violent, unruly inner-city school is determined to do his job, despite resistance from both students and faculty. Director: Richard Brooks Two escaped convicts chained together, white and black, must learn to get along in order to elude capture. Director: Stanley Kramer An African American police detective is asked to investigate a murder in a racially hostile southern town. Director: Norman Jewison In San Francisco, a high-priced call girl is murdered and the case is assigned to Police Lieutenant Virgil Tibbs. Director: Gordon Douglas Edit Storyline Engineer Mark Thackeray arrives to teach a totally undisciplined class at an East End school. Still hoping for a good engineering job, he's hopeful that he won't be there long. He starts implementing his own brand of classroom discipline: forcing the pupils to treat each other with respect. Inevitably he begins getting involved in the students' personal lives, and must avoid the advances of an amorous student while winning over the class tough. What will he decide when the engineering job comes through? Written by Ed Sutton <[email protected]> See All (131) » Taglines: A story as fresh as the girls in their minis. . .and as tough as the kids from London's East End! [UK Theatrical] See more » Genres: 14 June 1967 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Al maestro con cariño See more » Filming Locations: The first movie role for Michael Des Barres . See more » Goofs During the dance between Thackeray and Pamela, when The Mindbenders abruptly switch from a slow song (opening bars of \"Off And Running\") to a fast one (\"It's Getting Harder All The Time\") we hear the students cheering, but the shot at that moment is of the whole class, and no one is cheering. See more » Quotes In the end credits, Michael Des Barres name is misspelled as \"Micheal.\" See more » Connections Music by Mark London (as Marc London) Performed by Lulu (uncredited) Great, landmark teacher-student relationship film 28 January 2001 \| by thomandybish (Weaverville, NC) – See all my reviews The school movie against which all other school movies are measured. Sidney Poitier was on a roll in 1966-67(A PATCH OF BLUE, GUESS WHO'S COMING TO DINNER, IN THE HEAT OF THE NIGHT)and TO SIR, WITH LOVE crowned that succession of great films. Poitier's Thackery is meticulous and", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505978	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Titania is the largest moon of which planet in our solar system?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "BBC - Solar System - Titania (pictures, video, facts & news) Titania Titania Uranus's largest moon Titania was photographed by Voyager 2 in 1986. Images taken by the probe showed scientists that the surface has impact craters and a large fault. Density measurements suggest Titania is composed mainly of water ice and rock. Titania was discovered in 1787 by Uranus's discoverer, William Herschel . Photo: Titania taken by the Voyager 2 probe (NASA/JPL) About Titania Titania is the largest of the moons of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System at a diameter of 1,578 kilometres (981 mi). Discovered by William Herschel in 1787, Titania is named after the queen of the fairies in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. Its orbit lies inside Uranus's magnetosphere. Titania consists of approximately equal amounts of ice and rock, and is probably differentiated into a rocky core and an icy mantle. A layer of liquid water may be present at the core–mantle boundary. The surface of Titania, which is relatively dark and slightly red in color, appears to have been shaped by both impacts and endogenic processes. It is covered with numerous impact craters reaching up to 326 kilometres (203 mi) in diameter, but is less heavily cratered than Oberon, outermost of the five large moons of Uranus. Titania probably underwent an early endogenic resurfacing event which obliterated its older, heavily cratered surface. Titania's surface is cut by a system of enormous canyons and scarps, the result of the expansion of its interior during the later stages of its evolution. Like all major moons of Uranus, Titania probably formed from an accretion disk which surrounded the planet just after its formation. Infrared spectroscopy conducted from 2001 to 2005 revealed the presence of water ice as well as frozen carbon dioxide on the surface of Titania, which in turn suggested that the moon may have a tenuous carbon dioxide atmosphere with a surface pressure of about 10 nanopascals (10−13 bar). Measurements during Titania's occultation of a star put an upper limit on the surface pressure of any possible atmosphere at 1–2 mPa (10–20 nbar). The Uranian system has been studied up close only once, by the spacecraft Voyager 2 in January 1986. It took several images of Titania, which allowed mapping of about 40% of its surface.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505979	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which British actor plays the part of Martin Luther King in the 2014 film 'Selma'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Playing MLK: Actor David Oyelowo on Selma \| The Huffington Post Playing MLK: Actor David Oyelowo on Selma 12/18/2014 08:28 am ET \| Updated Feb 17, 2015 Nell Minow Movie critic, corporate governance analyst British actor David Oyelowo plays Dr. Martin Luther King in director Ava DuVernay's new film Selma, the story of Dr. King's march from Selma, Alabama to the state capital in Montgomery, on behalf of the right to vote. At the time, black citizens were denied the right to vote in the South through impossible \" literacy tests \" and poll taxes. Oyelowo spoke to me about the importance of showing the audience the man Dr. King was in private as well as his public appearances. For me as an actor, you can't take anything, any of those scenes, any of who he was in isolation. When we think of Dr. King, those are the things that flash through our heads -- we think of speeches, we think of him talking to presidents, we think of him talking to the press. And so even though those scenes were important to me, they were always being thought of by me through the lens of how are they going to be juxtaposed? So in a scene with Lyndon Johnson [played by Tom Wilkinson], I have so much I want to say. I want to think of how that juxtaposes with the scene with my wife where I don't have the words, where I don't have a strategy, where to be perfectly honest, I have less mental capacity to engage with what's going on in the home and so therefore I've run out of resources to deal with what's going on at home. So in many ways the robustness, the strategy, the tactician that you see in front of LBJ shows one side of him. And the ferocity, the degree of cajoling, the degree of at times dampening himself down. You see that more clearly because of what we learn in the more private moments. While the movie focuses only on a few weeks in Dr. King's life, Oyelowo found a way to show Dr. King's views and tactics evolving. One of the things I really loved was the progression of these scenes with LBJ. As King, I come in initially, very amenable, almost curtailing myself because I know I am politic as well and I'm there to try to get something. And before I know it, it's not quite the answers I am looking for. That relationship matures over time. You can see that over the three scenes together. We look to them as a gradation, as a progression in a sense where you see the man maturing. What meant the most to him was being able to create a full-scale character through Dr. King's interactions with a wide range of people from his wife, Coretta Scott King (Carmen Ejogo, who also played Mrs. King in the superb film Boycott) to the President of the United States and to a young college student named John Lewis (Stephan James), who will go on not just to vote but to run for office and serve in Congress. What I really gain satisfaction from is watching the film, seeing those scenes juxtaposed with the same guy in a car with a young John Lewis pushing and with LBJ not budging, feeling this is just not working. I went in there and gave it my all and this young man is quoting me back to me saying, \"Fear not, we've come so far to turn back now.\" That's what you're looking for an actor is that layering that enables you to go big in certain scenes and then go really small in others. In Selma, we see the most private moments of Dr. King with his wife, their relationship strained by his activism and the risks he is taking, and by tapes the FBI sent to Mrs. King revealing her husband's affairs. Oyelowo explained why those scenes were \"a gift\" to him as an actor. It started with Ava really. I mean the original incarnation of the script didn't have that. Literally I only had a phone call with her character, there was no face time at all. I think this is one of the beauties, one of the benefits of having a female director who comes at it with a different perspective, a layered perspective. A perspective on how important it is to show that relationship that a white man wouldn't necessarily come at it with which is what the original writer is. Those scenes were just a gift to an", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505980	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the capital of Guernsey?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "St Peter Port, Guernsey - Things to Do & See \| VisitGuernsey Things To Do St Peter Port With its cobbled streets and picturesque seafront marina and historic gardens, it is easy to see why St Peter Port is considered one of Europe's prettiest harbour towns. Guernsey's capital has been a busy port since Roman times. Castle Cornet has stood guard over the town for 800 years. Once cut off by the tide, it now provides a spectacular backdrop to the town as well as staging theatre productions and musical events. St Peter Port's centrepiece is its beautiful church, which is believed to be the closest church to a pub in the British Isles. If you want to learn more about the island's history, head to the Guernsey Tapestry at the Gallery in St James Concert Hall , wander through the beautiful Candie Gardens or explore Hauteville House , home to French writer Victor Hugo. If you would rather just take it easy, explore the boutique shopping, then sit back and relax with a coffee or bite to eat and watch the world go by. At the top of town is Candie Gardens . Once the formal gardens of a private home, they are now open for the public to enjoy and house the Guernsey Museum & Art Gallery . The tearoom has lovely views over the town and across to neighbouring islands. Castle Cornet has been at the forefront of the island's history for hundreds of years and there are five museums inside its walls to explore. La Vallette Underground Military Museum covers all aspects of Guernsey's military history. It is situated at the south of St Peter Port, alongside the Victorian Bathing Pools and The Guernsey Aquarium . The Old Victorian Shop in Cornet Street acts as a historic shop and museum, which highlights islanders home life of the past. The street weaves up to the top of Tower Hill, an area of town steeped in folklore and tales of witches and ghosts. A short walk further up the hill takes you to the door of Hauteville House, where Victor Hugo lived between 1856 and 1870. His town house has been preserved as a museum, which captures the French writer's eccentric life with its amazing collection of furniture and artefacts. If you want to uncover more about St Peter Port's hidden past, Accredited Guides are available to take you on a variety of guided walks or pick up a copy of our Map of St Peter Port from the Guernsey Information Centre , with five trails taking you to different areas of the town. View the webcam from the Old Government House Hotel below!", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505981	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What were Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez known as collectively?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Inside Ben Affleck's Past Romances with Jennifer Lopez and Gwyneth Paltrow Pinterest Evan Agostini/Invision/AP Before settling down with Jennifer Garner , Ben Affleck was one of Hollywood’s most eligible bachelors – and his romances with A-list beauties made headlines. When Affleck rose to stardom after winning his first Oscar for Good Will Hunting in 1997, the Boston native was in a relationship with high school girlfriend Cheyenne Rothman, with whom he still keeps in touch. But the actor soon began dating Gwyneth Paltrow after meeting her at a dinner thrown by studio mogul Harvey Weinstein. The pair went on to costar in the movies Shakespeare in Love and Bounce. The couple shared quick wit and a wicked sense of humor – but their relationship had its share of ups and downs. In January Paltrow told Howard Stern that while dating Affleck was fun, her parents did not approve. “He’s super intelligent and really, really talented and he’s funny,” she said. “But he wasn’t in a good place in his life to have a girlfriend.” At the time they were dating, Paltrow was little more blunt about his love of a good time. Teasing him on Good Morning America, she joked his perfect woman was “anything that serves cold beer in a bikini.” Still, they clearly enjoyed one another’s company. The pair broke up in 1999, but briefly reunited before finally ending things in 2000. But the GOOP mogul and Affleck remain pals. “I like him,” she told Stern. “I’m still friends with him.” Two years after breaking up with Paltrow, Affleck met Jennifer Lopez on the set of the mobster comedy Gigli, and the super couple known as Bennifer was born. The film went on to be one of Hollywood’s most famous flops – and the pair’s second movie together, 2004’s Jersey Girl, also tanked at the box office. But their off-screen relationship became a tabloid blockbuster. Ben Affleck and Gwyneth Paltrow The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty The two stars got engaged in 2002 – Affleck gave Lopez a $2.5 million diamond engagement ring . He also underwent a makeover, ditching facial scruff and flannel shirts for slicked-back hair and Versace suits. But perhaps the most infamous moment in the couple’s high-profile relationship was Lopez’s “Jenny from the Block” music video, which featured Affleck in a tank top and shades as he massaged suntan lotion on the bikini-clad diva in a sequence the actor would live to regret. “In our culture, we get very much into short-handing people,” Affleck told Details in 2012. “And I got shorthanded as ‘that guy’: Jennifer Lopez, movies bombed, there he must be a sort of thoughtless, dilettante, solipsistic consumer, blah, blah, blah.” The pair planned to wed in an elaborate ceremony in Santa Barbara, California, on Sept. 14, 2003, but Affleck called off the festivities with four days’ notice because of “excessive media attention.” The couple officially announced a split a few months later. Affleck later called his year in the media glare as Lopez’s fiancé his “annus horribilis.” “I don’t think I had ever been heartbroken in that way before,” she later told VH1. “I had so many hopes and dreams on something.” Still, they found a way to make peace. Affleck told The Hollywood Reporter that he and the pop superstar occasionally “touch base,” and Lopez warmly congratulated Affleck when he won his Golden Globe for Argo in 2013. “I respect her,” he told THR. “I like her.” Ben Affleck Is ‘Devastated’ Over Divorce, ‘Really Tried to Save Their Marriage’: Source In the same interview, the star praised his wife, Garner, whom he began dating not long after the pair starred together in the failed action movie Daredevil in 2003. “She truly is kind,” he said. “She means no one any harm. She doesn’t have ill will for any person. She’s not competitive with other people. She’s not spiteful.” But after 10 years of marriage and three children, Affleck’s relationship with the woman who once described him as her “soul mate” also foundered. In the end, there were obstacles the relationship could not overcome. Says a Garner source: “They are two very different people.” Show", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505982	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Where must a boxer stand when his opponent is knocked down?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Goals of Boxing - How Boxing Works \| HowStuffWorks How Boxing Works Photo Courtesy of the U.S. Marines If there isn't a knock out, judges will award points based on scoring punches. The boxer with the most points at the end, wins. A boxer's goal is to knock his opponent down, stunning him so severely that he can not regain his feet before the referee counts to ten. This is called a knockout (KO), and results in a victory for the boxer still standing. When a boxer knocks his opponent down, he must retreat to a neutral corner, i.e., not one of the corners where the boxers' trainers wait to assist them between rounds. If the knocked-down boxer can stand quickly enough, the referee (the only person allowed in the ring other than the boxers) makes sure he's OK and able to defend himself, and the fight goes on. Sometimes the rules call for a mandatory eight count. That is, even if the boxer jumps to his feet immediately, the referee makes him wait until he's counted to eight to rejoin the fight. In some rules systems, if a boxer is knocked down three times in one fight, the result is a technical knockout (TKO). This is usually recorded as a KO on the winning boxer's record. A TKO may also occur when the referee, a ringside doctor, a boxer's trainer or the boxer himself decides that he is too injured to carry on with the fight. Some rules allow a knocked-down boxer to be \"saved by the bell.\" If the round ends while he is down, but before the referee finished his ten count, the boxer can return to his corner and get the one-minute rest period. Other rules systems do not allow this -- the ten count continues even after the round ends. Often, a match will end without either fighter being KOed. In this case, the winner of the match will be determined by judges, and the result is known as a decision. Professional matches use three judges (or sometimes two judges plus the referee). Olympic boxing uses five judges. There are variations in scoring systems, as well, but they all boil down to this: the judges watch each round and determine which boxer won that round. They assign points to each boxer for winning a round. The points for all the judges are tallied at the end of the match, and the boxer with the most points (or rounds) is declared the winner. In the next section, we'll take a look at the boxing scoring system. Up Next", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505983	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which SAS soldier wrote the book 'Bravo Two Zero', an account of a failed mission during the (1st) Gulf War?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "More About the Bravo Two Zero Patrol More About the Bravo Two Zero Patrol Gulf War Documentary The man who commanded the SAS in the Gulf War has spoken publicly for the first time about his unit's operations. In the BBC documentary series 'The Gulf War', Brigadier Andy Massey says that tactical mistakes were made in the deployment of the soldiers. Three men from the patrol known as Bravo Two Zero died in an operation to find Scud missiles behind Iraqi lines. For the SAS, the Bravo Two Zero patrol has always been seen with distinctly mixed feelings. On one hand, its most famous ever action is a tale of remarkable endurance and heroism, but it was also a clear failure, with only one of the eight-man patrol escaping death or capture. Privately, SAS soldiers have always acknowledged mistakes were made. Now, in an interview for a BBC documentary on the war, the commander of special forces in the Gulf, Brigadier Andy Massey, has publicly said there were errors, notably the failure to go behind enemy lines with vehicles. Without transport, the patrol was unable to move rapidly when they were discovered, having to try to escape from deep behind enemy lines on foot. In fact the men of Bravo Two Zero themselves chose not to use vehicles, while other patrols with the same task -finding Scud missiles - made what proved to be the right decision and took Land Rovers. Ironically it is the least successful patrol that has become a legend. Daily Telegraph ( 22 May 1996) Ex-SAS troopers accuse officers of hypocrisy By Tim Butcher, Defence Correspondent TENSIONS between officers and troopers that threaten to harm the SAS were revealed yesterday at the launch of another television programme on the Army's elite regiment. Five former troopers criticised what they describe as the \"hypocrisy\" of officers for banning them from the regiment's base in Hereford for taking part in the programme and being involved with the publication of the accompanying book. They accused officers of inconsistency for not taking similar action against commanders such as Gen Sir Peter de la Billière, who referred to the regiment extensively in two autobiographical books. \"There are two rules, one for the officers and one for the soldiers,\" one of the troopers, who identified himself as Rusty, told a press conference. \"The thing is the officers are telling the soldiers' stories and are allowed to get away with it.\" The five were among 40 names on a list of banned people not allowed access to Stirling Lines, the SAS base in Hereford. The others banned include Andy McNab and Chris Ryan, who both wrote SAS books about the Gulf conflict. One of the group who identified himself as Soldier \"I\" said they could take part in meetings of the SAS Regimental Association and other regimental functions, anywhere but at Stirling Lines. \"In my mind it is sheer hypocrisy,\" Soldier \"I\" said. He believed the banning order was a short-sighted measure taken after the rash of recent SAS publicity including the books by McNab and Ryan as well as assorted videos and television programmes. He described the commanding officer of 22 SAS as \"paranoid\". \"He does not know how to handle the press,\" he said. \"He does not know how to handle this media explosion. \"It's a knee-jerk reaction and he just decided the only way to combat this problem is to ban everybody, but in fact it drives it underground and makes people more determined to do their bit.\" \"As far as I am concerned what we set about doing was to give the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth\" All five appeared at the press launch of SAS - The Soldiers' Story to be broadcast by ITV, starting on Thursday week - wearing boiler suits, combat boots and black balaclavas, saying they did not want to reveal their identity because they had served in Northern Ireland. Each of the seven episodes includes personal accounts of some of the regiment's most famous achievements, including the 1980 storming of the Iranian embassy in London. The series' makers said the first episode had been cleared by the Ministry of Defence since it did not", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505984	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What title is held by the heir to the Spanish throne?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Royal Musings: New heir to Spanish throne New heir to Spanish throne October 22, 1904 The new heir presumptive to the Spanish throne is Don Alfonso of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, the three-year-old son of the late Infanta Maria del las Mercedes, who died on following the birth of a daughter. Infanta Mercedes's official title was Princess of Asturias, as she was the heiress presumptive to the Spanish throne. It was a title she held from birth. Now succeeding her as heir presumptive to the 18-year-old King Alfonso XIII is Mercedes' eldest son. It is not known if the little boy will be officially styled as the Prince of Asturias, which is Spain's only princely title. Royal children are styled as Infants of Spain. Infanta Mercedes's husband, Prince Don Carlos of Bourbon-Two-Sicilies was styled as Prince of the Asturias. He \"bore the title by virtue of his consort's position\" as heiress presumptive. He will no longer be styled as Prince of the Asturias, and will be probably be known as Infante Carlos of Spain. The Chicago Tribune notes that Spain has sustained a great loss by the death of the young Infanta, who would have succeeded to the throne as Queen if her mother's third child, the posthumously born Alfonso XIII, was born a girl. King Alfonso XII died in October 1885, leaving behind a pregnant widow, Queen Maria Cristina, and two young daughters, Mercedes, and Maria Teresa. Should King Alfonso XIII die before marrying and having children of his own, his nephew would reign as Alfonso XIV with \"another long regency\" until the new king reached his majority at age 18. Under the terms of the constitution, the late Princess of Asturias' sisters, Infanta Maria Teresa would be the regent for her minor nephew, and not his father, Don Carlos. Infanta Maria Teresa, 22, is rumored to be engaged to her cousin, Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria. Maria Teresa, of course, has \"no experience whatsoever pertaining to the position,\" and might be subject to the political influence of her husband, which could create an intolerable position for young Alfonso's father. Thus, King Alfonso's life has become \"doubly precious\" to his subjects. At the moment, he enjoys a \"greater degree of popularity than any of his predecessors on the throne.\" At no time in Spain's history has the \"throne been more securely established than at the present moment, occupied by Alfonso XIII.\" Posted by", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505985	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; First performed in 1938, and commonly considered one of the saddest of all classical works, who composed Adagio for Strings (it was used in the 1986 film Platoon)?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Composers - Classical Music Best Famous Popular Kickass Composers Meet the Classical Music composers featured in the Kickass Classical Top 100 and find out where you've heard their music before. It's the top Classical Music from movies, songs, commercials, cartoons, video games and ringtones. Start scrolling to learn about famous Classical Music composers. On this site, click to hear the piece. Download it from iTunes and Pronounced \"ar-NO.\" French composer who moved to Hollywood to compose for film. Charge Suite (suite) Amazon Nicknamed \"Olympic Fanfare,\" this piece is synonymous with the Olympics. Composed in 1958, it has been the theme music for television coverage of the Olympics since 1968. Revamped by John Williams as part of his \"Olympic Fanfare And Theme\" for the 1984 Olympics. www.kickassclassical.com. Rock out with your Bach out. Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750) Pronounced \"Bock,\" and his first name is pronounced \"YO-hawn.\" More famous in his day for his mad piano and organ playing skills than his compositions, but his works are all we have to remember him by. Bachaholics know his music is more about the journey than the destination, and is famous for interweaving two or more melodies into any given piece. Famous for \"The Well Tempered Clavier\" and these: Air On The G String Amazon An \"air\" (or \"aria\" in Italian) is a type of song or melody. The version of this particular air you hear today is a famous arrangement of the second movement of Bach's \"Underwear Suite\"... uh, \"Orchestral Suite No. 3.\" The musical inspiration for Procol Harum's 1967 hit, \"A Whiter Shade Of Pale.\" Sampled in the 1997 Sweetbox song \"Everything's Gonna Be Alright.\" Bourrée In E Minor Amazon From the fifth movement of Bach's \"Suite For Lute No. 1 In E Minor,\" this is a staple among classic rock musicians, including Led Zeppelin and Jethro Tull. Novelty classic rock tribute artist Tenacious D included this in their 2001 song \"Rock Your Socks,\" and in a song in their 2006 film \"Tenacious D In: The Pick Of Destiny,\" featured on the film's soundtrack as \"Classico.\" By the way, the two other pieces in \"Classico\" are Beethoven's \"Für Elise\" ( below ) and Mozart's \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\" ( below ). Brandenburg Concerto No. 3 Bach's six Brandenburg Concertos are among the finest compositions of the Baroque era, showcasing unprecedented composition and using several instruments. The first movement of Bach's third Brandenburg Concerto is the most famous of these. Cello Suite No. 1 Amazon Pronounce it \"Chello Sweet.\" Number one of six. Collect 'em all! This piece is the \"Prelude.\" Popularized by contemporary cellist Yo-Yo Ma (no relation to Yo Mama). His version is used in the 2003 film \"Master And Commander: The Far Side Of The World.\" The piece is also played by Jamie Foxx in the 2009 film \"The Soloist.\" Jesu, Joy Of Man's Desiring A beautiful Baroque piece often played at Christmas, and used today as wedding music. From his \"Cantata No. 147.\" Minuet In G Amazon Not to be confused with Beethoven's ( below ). This one is found in Bach's \"Anna Magdalena Notebook,\" a book of music he put together for his second wife. Scholars think Christian Petzold, a friend of Bach's, actually wrote this piece. The tune to the 1965 hit \"Lovers' Concerto\" by The Toys. Willie Nelson recorded this as \"Bach Minuet In G\" in 1986. Toccata And Fugue In D Minor Amazon This pipe organ tune is commonly associated with mad scientists, Dracula, vampires and Halloween. And \"Phantom Of The Opera,\" although this piece has nothing to do with it. A portion of this piece plays before the big plane crash in the 2004 film \"The Aviator.\" Used in the trailer and opening scene of the 1975 film \"Rollerball.\" Look for violinist Vanessa Mae's 1995 version of this piece from her CD \"The Violin Player.\" Honorable Mention: For more Bach you may have heard, check out \"Sleepers, Wake\" from \"Cantata No. 140,\" and \"Sheep May Safely Graze\" from \"Cantata No. 208.\" Barber, Samuel (1910-1981) American composer. Died the year Britney Spears was born. Lose one musical g", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505986	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The New Zealand kea is known for attacking sheep – what kind of bird is it?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Kea Parrot: New Zealand's Distinct Bird The Kea Parrot: New Zealand's Distinct Bird The endangered kea parrot is known for its distinctive physical and behavorial traits. By Angela Pham Tweet Famed for its olive-green plumage, scarlet underwings, keen intelligence and its rare attempts to feed on both dead and live sheep, the unique kea parrot of New Zealand draws attention from bird lovers and conservationists throughout the world. The kea parrot needs this attention. With many believing that its numbers have declined slowly but steadily in the past 100 years, organizations like the Department of Conservation of New Zealand, the Kea Conservation Trust and the Animal Health Board now recognize the need to study the birds more and determine how best to protect them. Photo Courtesy of Franny Cunninghame The kea parrot has a distinctive long, thin and curved bill. Taking on the task of counting the current numbers of kea parrots and radio-tracking groups of the birds isn't easy, especially since it is classified as a nationally endangered species in New Zealand. Kea parrots favor forested areas among mountainous regions, where they make nests within the ground and forage in the mountain tops. In winter, the flocks concentrate on breeding and disappear among the forests. The kea's omnivorous diet requires much time spent high and low foraging for food — roots and grub are dug out from the ground in the mountains and forest floors, and foods like berries and seeds of rimu, totara and beech trees are found in the tall tree tops, as well as honeydew and nectar of flowers. Notoriously, the kea parrot will also scavenge dead animals like deer in pursuit of high-fat foods and has been witnessed attacking the occasional live sheep to access the large fatty deposits above a sheep's kidneys, said Josh Kemp, scientific officer for the Research and Development Group at the Department of Conservation of New Zealand. \"Some keas living near sheep stations probably learn about the fat by scavenging dead sheep, then they figure out that they can reach it on a live sheep, too,\" Kemp said. The distinctive shape of the kea's bill enables it to pierce the skin of these mammals: The bill is long, thin and curved, unlike most parrot species' bills. Its long, spindly legs set it further apart from other parrot species. Nonetheless, the kea is still classified as a parrot: Two toes point backwards on the foot and are used for climbing, and the bill — with its moveable lower mandible — serves as a climbing tool as well. But the kea's occasional preying habits may speak volumes of its intelligence. \"It may happen because there are sheep and because the kea are very innovative,\" said Gyula Gajdon, guest scientist at the University of Vienna Department of Neurobiology and Cognition Research. \"For me, as a biologist, it is equally interesting to ask, 'How do they manage to open hinged lids of big rubbish bins, or why do they start to prey on mice?'\" Bird experts agree that the kea is a distinctive parrot. \"Even kaka, the closest relative of kea, provides a quite different setting of main biological features,\" Gajdon said. The kaka parrot may share the scarlet underwings that kea parrots have and are also classified under the genus Nestor, but kaka parrots are not as intelligent, and kaka parrots nest in tree trunk holes in winter, while kea parrots nest in the ground during summer, Kemp said. Perhaps the most distinguishing characteristic of the kea bird is its smart, curious personality. The diurnal parrots are social creatures, foraging in flocks and keeping in touch with each other with contact calling. Young keas are especially active and playful, Gajdon said. \"Especially young birds are the most bold to investigate new objects, play with them, test their affordances and even integrate them in social play,\" Gajdon said. \"The camera man Mike Lemon nicely said that you miss kea when you go home.\" The parrot's bold and investigative tendencies, however, can often get the kea into trouble. After any destructive bout with human belongings, the birds", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505987	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of Cristiano Ronaldo's designer label and boutique?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Portugal's Madeira is the only place for a Cristiano Ronaldo-themed vacation \| Travel + Leisure T+L Just In newsletter. T+L Newsletters Everybody knows that soccer instills a cult-like fanaticism in Europe. But the Portuguese hometown of Cristiano Ronaldo, the superstar of Real Madrid and captain of the Portuguese national team, is taking soccer fever to new heights. The newly-opened Pestana CR7 is a luxury hotel in Funchal, Madeira, that is partly owned by Ronaldo. It is the dream destination for every one of his super-fans. The hotel is designed to be sleek, modern and full of Ronaldo’s favorite things. The name, CR7, is taken from the player’s initials and his jersey number for Real Madrid. Courtesy of CR7 Courtesy of CR7 In the lounge, there’s a neon sign that reads, “To be the best, you need the best,” Ronaldo’s personal motto. Framed jerseys, shoes, balls and trophies line the walls. True Ronaldo fans can head down to the hotel’s open-air gym and go through a workout designed by the athlete himself. Afterwards, relax in the sauna, open-air jacuzzi or infinity pool, or with a drink at the hotel’s sports bar. The hotel is also big on tech. Guests can check in and take a private elevator to their rooms via the hotel’s app. Each room also includes an HD TV with Android or Apple streaming. Courtesy of CR7 Courtesy of CR7 There are 48 rooms and one deluxe suite, with prices starting at $240 per night. Future properties for the hotel are planned for Lisbon, Madrid and New York. Courtesy of CR7 Courtesy of CR7 Portugal's Ronaldo obsession does not stop at the hotel: Next door is an entire museum dedicated to Ronaldo—complete with gift shop. And Madeira’s airport, formerly called Santa Catarina Airport, was just renamed for the superstar. Now visitors to the hotel will fly in and out of Cristiano Ronaldo Airport to make their Ronaldo-cation complete. Courtesy of CR7", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505988	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which month does the Nottingham Goose Fair take place", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Goose Fair 2017 - Fete / Fair in Nottingham, Nottingham - Experience Nottinghamshire Experience Nottinghamshire Win tickets to The Rum Festival Experience Nottinghamshire Survey Close Give us feedback on our website and be entered into a free prize draw to win a Nottinghamshire themed hamper full of foodie delights. Our short survey should take no more than a couple of minutes. Complete Survey. Only one email address per entry for the Nottinghamshire themed hamper prize draw, the winner will be selected at random. Terms and conditions apply and can be obtained via email from [email protected]. You are here: What's on > Goose Fair 2017 Search Again > Advanced Your Travel Planner Welcome to the travel planner. Use this tool to save details of accommodation, events, places to eat and things to see & do in Nottinghamshire To add an item to your planner click the relevant button Goose Fair 2017 ‘Nottingham October – The UK’s Festival City’ Wednesday 4th - Sunday 8th October 2017 Nottingham's Goose Fair returns from Wednesday 4th to Sunday 8th October 2017 at the Forest Recreation Ground to thrill and delight city residents and visitors. Visitors to the fair will enjoy more than 500 attractions - from the latest white knuckle rides for thrill seekers to the ever-popular family, children's and old-time rides. Goose Fair is one of Europe's largest travelling fairs with a history that dates back more than 700 years. Amongst the array of Roller Coasters, Water Rides, Giant Wheels, Bombers, Dodgems, Twists, Waltzers and Miamis familiar to Goose Fair there will be a number of new attractions that have not visited Nottingham before. Goose Fair 2017 (4 Oct 2017 - 8 Oct 2017) Day Dates and times marked with a '*' are provisional and may be subject to change What's Nearby Serving the usual delicious treats, cakes, fresh coffee and hot food, Homemade Cafe is the perfect... 0.22 miles away A Magpie Brewery tap, the Doctor’s Orders is Nottingham’s first micropub – a cosy one room free... 0.33 miles away EUROPEAN STYLE BAR AND NOTTINGHAM'S BEST INDEPENDENT MUSIC VENUE THE FOREST TAVERN CLASSIC NOTTINGHAM PUB WITH A STRONG REPUTATION The Lincolnshire Poacher has been part of... 0.58 miles away Located in the shadows of the magnificent Shipstone’s Brewery, The Lion Inn at New Basford in... 0.69 miles away The Organ Grinder is Blue Monkey's pub in Canning Circus (just off Derby Road) in Nottingham... 0.88 miles away The Pudding Pantry brings together 3 friends with an insatiable desire to provide the kind of food... 0.89 miles away The oldest and largest Indian restaurant in Nottingham. A true piece of Nottingham’s culinary... 0.9 miles away With its commanding view over Canning Circus and Derby Road, it’s little wonder that The Sir John... 0.9 miles away Alea’s exciting late-night Bar Esquina brings a little corner of Spain to the heart of Nottingham... 0.91 miles away For a road trip of America in just one venue, don’t miss Coast to Coast American Restaurant & Bar.... 0.92 miles away Eat All You Want for One Set Price at COSMO Nottingham - Authentic World Kitchen With more...", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505989	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Caribbean island, especially capital city Plymouth, suffered long term devastation after the previously dormant Soufriere Hills Volcano began erupting in 1995?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Soufriere Hills Volcano Soufriere Hills Volcano Soufriere Hills volcano is a dominantly andesitic structure located on the small Caribbean island of Montserrat [ MAP ] which is located in the north section of the Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc. The summit of the volcano had a pre-eruption height of 915m and is composed of the remains of a series of lava domes emplaced by previous eruptions over the last 300,000 years (Zellmer et al., 2003. J. Petrology 44(8), p.1349-1374). The base of the volcanic complex is nearly 1km below sea level and has a diameter of over 25km. No historical activity had been documented, apart from the 17C eruption which emplaced Castle Peak lava dome. Increased volcanoseismic activity damaged buildings in the 1890s, 1930s and 1960s (Kokelaar, 2002. Geol. Soc. London Memoirs 21, p.1-43). Renewed seismic activity in 1992 and then from late 1994 onwards marked the onset of the current unrest. Since 1995, Soufriere Hills volcano has gone through several phases of nearly continuous activity characterized by dome growth with associated rockfalls and pyroclastic flows (PFs) and occasional major dome collapses and explosive events. These active phases were interrupted by repose phases covering much of 1998-2000, 2004-2006 and 2007-2009 when the volcano showed little extrusive activity, with activity largely involving gradual degradation of the dome. Activity has forced the evacuation of the south part of Montserrat including the capital Plymouth, much of which is today destroyed and buried in lahar deposits. The chronology of eruptive events is summarized below. After this, a detailed scientific analysis of the eruption as a whole and of specific notable events is provided. Soufriere Hills Volcano in March 2006. The active lava dome is growing in the crater left by collapse of the previous dome. West flank of Soufriere Hills volcano with extensive lahar flow field. The remains of Plymouth are just off the right hand side of the picture. Close-up of Soufriere Hills lava dome in March 2006. Nighttime view revealing incandescence of same dome as picture on left. Brief Chronology of Eruptive Events On July 18 1995, ash and steam venting was first observed. Activity was largely confined to the NW flank of Castle Peak lava dome which was formed in the 17th century in \"English crater\" (a 1km wide crater left by a massive collapse event during an eruption about 4000 years ago (Roobol and Smith, 1998. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, p.3393-3396). Largely phreatic activity continued, reaching a first climax in a large phreatic explosion on 21. August which threw ash over much of Plymouth and initiated a first evacuation. Signs of dome growth were observed in the NW sector of the dome towards the end of September 1995. Pyroclastic flows were first observed on March 29, 1996, in Tar River Valley (TRV). On the 12th of May, PFs reached the sea and this happened repeatedly in the following months. By July, extrusion rates reached 10 cubic meters / sec and repeated small dome collapses accompanied by large pyroclastic flows were observed. On 17 September 1996, a series of dome collapses was followed by a massive magmatic explosive eruption with a 13km high ash column. Over 500000 Tonnes of ash fell on Montserrat. Dome growth restarted in December. On March 30, 1997, PFs flowed southwards into White River valley, destroying the touristic sites of Galways Soufriere and Great Alps waterfall. Increasing PF activity to the N and NE culminated in PFs reaching to within 50m of Blackburne Airport during a partial dome collapse on the 25 June 1997 . These flows also destroyed the settlements of Streathhams, Riley, Harris, Bramble, Bethel, Spanish Point, Trants and Farms. Although these had been officially evacuated, 19 fatalities were recorded. On 1 July 1997, a PF reached the Catholic Church in central Plymouth. Further flows destroyed parts of Plymouth on the 3rd and 4th. A major PF flowed through the center of Plymouth to the port on the 3rd of August . Piano coated in ash, Plymouth. Pipettes coated in Ash, Montserrat Technical College", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505990	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the office of someone who acts as a trusted intermediary between an organisation such as a corporation, professional regulatory body, or a branch of government and those outside it, to represent those outside interests?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Business and management dictionary and glossary of terminology, words, terms, and definitions - mian terms and unsusual amusing business-speak. 1-10 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z This glossary of business terms and definitions includes the main terminology used in business, plus many more unusual, interesting and amusing words and expressions found in business and management, and the wider world of work and modern life. The definitions are designed to be quick, easy and enjoyable to read. It's not meant to be an encyclopedia. Please send your suggestions for additional terms, and any corrections. If you can't find a term try the search box at the top of the page. There are many other subjects covered on this website aside from these dictionary definitions. Also use the search box for more information about a particular subject. Some of these terms can have different meanings in situations outside of business and management, and some can even have different meanings in different areas of business. Generally this glossary lists the most common uses and meanings. If you hear or read a term which does not make sense according to the definition in this dictionary, check elsewhere or ask the person what he/she meant. People do not always use terminology correctly, which means it's very important to seek clarification when you hear a strange term. Seeking clarification can be helpful for others too who might not be so bold as to ask. Recently added definitions are shown on the right. Please note that UK-English spellings for words such as colour, behaviour are different to US-English spellings (color, behavior). UK-English spellings of many words ending in 'ise', such as organise, realise, etc., may also appear on this page (compared to US-English 'ize'). Please adapt the materials for your own situation accordingly. 1-10 1-10 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1.4142 - The diagonal (approximate, to four decimal places) of a 1 x 1 square, also known as Pythagoras's Constant, and therefore also the ratio (1:1.4142) for calculating the diagonal side of a right-angled triangle in which the two short sides are of equal length. 1.6180 - The Golden Number (to four decimal places). Also known as the Golden Section, Divine Proportion, and phi (pronounced 'fy' as in the word 'fly') the twenty-first letter of the Greek alphabet . Also loosely referred to as Golden Ratio (1:1.618). Phi is used intentionally or instinctively in many different areas of design, for example architecture, music, and art. Phi is also an easy 'secret' to achieving aesthetically pleasing positioning and proportions. The Golden Ratio is found in diverse designs such as Stradivarius violins, the Pyramids, Notre Dame Cathedral, and in nature, for example the human face. 3.14159 - Pi, normally represented by the Greek letter pi (P) symbol π. Pi is typically used for calculating the area (π x radius squared) or circumference (π x diameter) of a circle. Pi has an infinite number of decimal places, and fascinates mathematicians in calculating pi itself, and memory experts too in memorizing as much of it as possible. 4/4 - Four beats to the bar, the most common rhythm in music. 10:10 - A UK environmental campaign that asks businesses, organisations and individuals to cut their carbon emissions by 10% in the year 2010. 13 - The most superstitious number, 13 affects business in surprising ways through absenteeism, cancellations, and design. Western airlines, for example, tend not to have seats and rows numbered 13. Friday 13th is a particularly superstitious date. Friday and the number 13 derive their superstitious reputations mostly from Christian beliefs and Norse folklore. 21-Gun Salute - Traditio", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505991	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Tianhe-1A, the supercomputer at the National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin, China which in October 2010 became the world's fastest supercomputer, uses what operating system?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The World’s Fastest Supercomputers You are here: Home / Information Technology (IT) & Robotics / The World’s Fastest Supercomputers The World’s Fastest Supercomputers January 27, 2016 KEY TOPICS “List of the World’s Most Powerful Computing Sites” maintained by Gunter As of November 2015,.8 of the world’s fastest supercomputers use the.5 Predictions: Where Supercomputing is Heading in 2016 China ‘s Tianhe-2 Supercomputer Maintains Top Spot on List of World’s TOP500 Supercomputers.The 45th TOP500 List was published in Frankfurt, Germany . (More…) China is currently the home of the two fastest supercomputers in the world, the Tianhe-1A, introduced in 2010, and the Tianhe-2, introduced in 2013. (More…) Some of the world’s most powerful computers, such as the Titan supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, currently the world’s second fastest supercomputer, are built on Nvidia’s GPU accelerators, while competitors include Intel’s Phi parallel co-processor that powers Tianhe-2, the world’s fastest supercomputer. (More…) In 2001: The fastest supercomputers available for academic use in the world should be up and running at the University of Illinois National Center for Supercomputing Applications by early summer. (More…) Supercomputers ? Titan, is the world’s fastest computer ? Developed by U.S. department of energy ? Have a speed of 20000 trillion calculations per second, equal to 20 petaflops/second ? Before this, Tianhe-1A, was made by?? China , in November 2010, which was the fastest supercomputer. (More…) POSSIBLY USEFUL The NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputer Center has been home to “Yellowstone,” another supercomputer, since 2012, when it ranked among the top 20 most powerful computers in the world. (More…) “I anticipate the U.S. doesn’t wish the Tianhe-2 to ability 100 petaflops,” said Zhang Yunquan, a assistant at the Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences, who aswell keeps clue of China ‘s top supercomputers. (More…) China is planning a supercomputer 1,000 times more powerful than its groundbreaking Tianhe-1A within two years as it faces rising demand for next-generation computing. (More…) description: Carlye Calvin/UCAR KEY TOPICS “List of the World’s Most Powerful Computing Sites” maintained by Gunter As of November 2015,.8 of the world’s fastest supercomputers use the.5 Predictions: Where Supercomputing is Heading in 2016 China’s Tianhe-2 Supercomputer Maintains Top Spot on List of World’s TOP500 Supercomputers.The 45th TOP500 List was published in Frankfurt, Germany. [1] Links to news articles. Since June 2013, China has boasted the world’s fastest supercomputer: the Tianhe-2, built by China ‘s National University of Defense. [2] Tianhe-A1’s successor, the Tianhe-2, is currently the fastest supercomputer in the world and for the sixth consecutive time, according to Top500, which comes up with lists of the world’s fastest supercomputers. [3] Today, one of the world’s fastest supercomputers is simulating the complex systems inside nuclear reactor cores, simulations that should help make nuclear power plants more efficient. [4] Yellowstone ranks among the world’s 60 top fastest supercomputers. [5] Do you know what the world’s fastest supercomputer is used for? Read on and learn about Sequoia, the world’s fastest supercomputer. [6] Tianhe-2, the world’s fastest supercomputer, was used in ASC, which, for all participants, could be a one-time-only chance in their life. [7] It’s that time of the year again: TOP500 published its twice-annual list of the 500 fastest supercomputers in the world today, and it looks like China ‘s Tianhe-2 is still on top and for the sixth consecutive time). [8] While the U.S. has plenty of representation in the current TOP500 list of the fastest supercomputers in the world, it lost the #1 slot to China ‘s Tianhe-2 several years ago. [8] The results are in, and they’re not a huge surprise: For the fifth consecutive time, China ‘s Tianhe-2 remains the fastest supercomputer in the world, with the U.S. bringing up the second and third spots. [8] Purdue University, the ASC14 Top 16 team, h", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505992	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"The US TV mini-series \"\"Hatfields & McCoys\"\" (2012) was shot in Transylvania against the backdrop of the Carpathian mountains to represent what US mountain range?\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hatfields & McCoys (miniseries) - Wikipedia, Photos and Videos Hatfields & McCoys (miniseries) NEXT GO TO RESULTS [51 .. 100] WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE May 28 (2012-05-28) – May 30, 2012 (2012-05-30) External links Hatfields & McCoys is a 2012 American three-part television miniseries based on the Hatfield–McCoy feud produced by History channel. Each episode aired for two hours on May 28, 29, and 30, 2012. [1] Contents Bill Paxton as Randolph \"Randall\" McCoy , leader of the McCoys. Tom Berenger as Jim Vance, uncle of Devil Anse. Matt Barr as Johnson \"Johnse\" Hatfield, Devil Anse's oldest son. Jena Malone as Nancy McCoy, Randall's niece. Sam Reid as Tolbert McCoy, Randall's son. Powers Boothe as Judge Valentine \"Wall\" Hatfield, Devil Anse's brother. Andrew Howard as \"Bad\" Frank Phillips, a bounty hunter. Jilon VanOver as Ransom Bray, a bounty hunter. Sarah Parish as Levicy Hatfield, Devil Anse's wife. Lindsay Pulsipher as Roseanna McCoy, Randall's daughter. Ronan Vibert as Perry Cline, a lawyer and cousin of Randall. Joe Absolom as Selkirk McCoy Noel Fisher as Ellison \"Cotton Top\" Mounts, Ellison Hatfield's son. Boyd Holbrook as William \"Cap\" Hatfield, Devil Anse's second son. Tom McKay as Jim McCoy, Randall's oldest son. Mare Winningham as Sally McCoy, Randall's wife. Michael Jibson as Phamer McCoy, Randall's son. Greg Patmore as Elias \"Good 'Lias\" Hatfield Damian O'Hare as Ellison Hatfield, Devil Anse's brother. Production[ edit ] The miniseries was History's first aired scripted drama [2] (the network had previously produced a scripted miniseries in 2011, The Kennedys , but decided against airing it in the US). [3] Although the story is set in the Appalachians in West Virginia and Kentucky, the miniseries was shot in Romania , just outside Brașov with the Carpathians standing in for the Appalachians. [4] [5] Music[ edit ] The score for the series was composed by John Debney and Tony Morales, with additional music by Kevin Costner and Modern West . [1] The soundtrack features vocals performed by Lisbeth Scott on The Long Road Down. Critical reception[ edit ] The miniseries met with favorable reviews from US critics. Based on 20 reviews from mainstream critics, it received an average score of 68/100 at Metacritic , indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". [6] Linda Stasi of the New York Post commented: \"When I first heard about it, my thought was: Why? But that was before I sat through all six hours of this intense saga. Most miniseries this long tend to lose steam somewhere between the beginning of Night 1 and the middle of Night 2. Not this one...The miniseries is full of stand-out performances from great actors... But it's the guys you may not know who will blow you away.\" [7] Entertainment Weekly 's Ken Tucker gave the series a B+, stating: \"In stretching the tale over three nights, the pacing sags at times, and recriminations can get repetitive. It also doesn't help that Reynolds shot the miniseries in that perpetual sepia tone that gives everything a faux-antique look. But overall, Hatfields & McCoys is engrossing, and enlightening about a feud that proves to be a lot more than the bumpkin brawl of pop legend.\" [8] Mary McNamara of the Los Angeles Times stated: \"Although deftly nailed into its time and place with sets and costumes so vivid you can smell the blue wood smoke and the stink of moonshine sweat, Hatfields & McCoys transcends the confines of its age by revealing the feud's posturing, resentments and callous violence that mirror the dynamics of modern urban gangs... It isn't a perfect piece — when faced with a choice between historic detail and story, Hatfields & McCoys errs on the side of detail, which is both the series' greatest strength and weakness.\" [9] Among the negative critics was Verne Gay of Newsday who called the series \"violent and dull\", adding \"What's not to like about Hatfields & McCoys? Simple: the story. It's an uninteresting one, peopled with almost criminally bland characters. In fact, as portrayed here – quite possibly accurately – they're a bunch of bibulous knuckleheads who shoot at each ot", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505993	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is half a sphere called?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "What is half of a sphere called? \| Reference.com What is half of a sphere called? A: Quick Answer Half a sphere is defined as a hemisphere. The term hemisphere is derived from the Greek word \"hemi,\" which means \"half\" and the Latin word \"shaera,\" meaning \"globe.\" Full Answer Hemispheres are everywhere. The Earth is the common example of a hemisphere. As a cylindrical body, the Earth is sectioned into four separate hemispheres – North and South and East and West. The human brain is often broken down into the cerebral hemispheres. The Earth’s hemispheres naturally divide into seasonal opposites. The Northern Hemisphere, due to the tilt toward the sun, experiences summer from June through September and the Southern Hemisphere is in summer from December through March.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505994	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which pop group was co-founded by Syd Barrett in 1965/66?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Syd Barrett - Music on Google Play Syd Barrett About the artist Roger Keith \"Syd\" Barrett was an English musician, composer, singer-songwriter, and painter. Best known as a founder member of the band Pink Floyd, Barrett was the lead singer, guitarist and principal songwriter in its early years and is credited with naming the band. Barrett was excluded from Pink Floyd in April 1968 after David Gilmour took over as their new guitarist, and was briefly hospitalised amid speculation of mental illness. Barrett was musically active for less than ten years. With Pink Floyd, he recorded four singles, their debut album, and several unreleased songs. Barrett began his solo career in 1969 with the single \"Octopus\" from his first solo album, The Madcap Laughs. The album was recorded over the course of a year with five different producers. Nearly two months after Madcap was released, Barrett began working on his second and final album, Barrett, produced by Gilmour and featuring contributions from Richard Wright. Two years later, he left the music industry, retired from public life and strictly guarded his own privacy until his death in 2006. In 1988, an album of unreleased tracks and outtakes, Opel, was released by EMI with Barrett's approval. 1 $9.49 Barrett is the second and final studio album of new material released by former Pink Floyd frontman Syd Barrett. Recording began at Abbey Road Studios on 26 February 1970, and lasted for 15 session... 1 1 $9.49 The Madcap Laughs is the debut solo album by the English singer-songwriter Syd Barrett. It was recorded after Barrett had left Pink Floyd in April 1968. The album had a chequered recording history,... 1 1 $9.49 Opel is a 1988 album compiled from recordings made by former Pink Floyd frontman Syd Barrett between 1968 and 1970. The album is a compilation of unreleased material and alternate takes of recordin... 1 Pink Floyd 0 Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London. They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music. Distinguished by their use of philosophical lyrics, sonic ex... 0 Richard Wright 0 Richard William \"Rick\" Wright was an English musician, composer, singer and songwriter. He was a founding member, keyboardist and vocalist of the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, performing on all... 0 Roger Waters 0 George Roger Waters is an English singer, songwriter, bassist, and composer. In 1965, he co-founded the progressive rock band Pink Floyd with drummer Nick Mason, keyboardist Rick Wright and guitari... 0 The Velvet Underground 0 The Velvet Underground was an American rock band from New York City, active between 1964 and 1973. Formed by singer/guitarist Lou Reed, multi-instrumentalist John Cale, guitarist Sterling Morrison,... 0 Captain Beefheart 0 Don Van Vliet was an American singer, songwriter, musician and artist best known by the stage name Captain Beefheart. His musical work was conducted with a rotating ensemble of musicians called the... 0 Nick Mason 0 Nicholas Berkeley \"Nick\" Mason is an English musician and composer, best known as the drummer of progressive rock group Pink Floyd. Mason was the only Pink Floyd member to be featured on every one ... 0 Love 0 Love is a Japanese pop/R&B vocal duo, produced by Hiro of Exile's production agency, LDH. They debuted in 2009 with the single \"First Love: Love Letter.\" Their song \"Tada Hitotsu no Negai Sae\" was ... 0 Gong 0 Gong is an international psychedelic rock band known for incorporating elements of jazz and space rock into its musical style. The group was formed in Paris in 1967 by Australian musician Daevid Al... 0 Kaleidoscope 0 Kaleidoscope was an American psychedelic folk and ethnic band who recorded 4 albums and several singles for Epic Records between 1966 and 1970. The band membership included David Lindley, who later... 0 Soft Machine 0 Soft Machine are an English rock and jazz fusion band from Canterbury, named after the book The Soft Machine by William S. Burroughs. They were one of the central bands in the Canterbury scene. Tho... 0 Amon Düül II 0 Amon Düül II is a Ge", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505995	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of Nick Park's film animation company?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Nick Park - IMDb IMDb Writer \| Producer \| Director Nick Park was born on December 6, 1958 in Preston, Lancashire, England as Nicholas Wulstan Park. He is a writer and producer, known for The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005), The Wrong Trousers (1993) and Chicken Run (2000). See full bio » Born: a list of 28 people created 25 May 2014 a list of 22 people created 30 Sep 2014 a list of 21 people created 04 Nov 2015 a list of 33 people created 8 months ago a list of 41 people created 1 month ago Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Nick Park's work have you seen? User Polls Won 4 Oscars. Another 53 wins & 25 nominations. See more awards » Known For 2015 Shaun the Sheep Movie (characters created by) Shaun the Sheep (TV Series) (based on characters by - 76 episodes, 2007 - 2014) (original idea - 49 episodes, 2007 - 2010) (based on an original idea by - 3 episodes, 2007) (written by - 1 episode, 2009) - Fruit and Nuts (2014) ... (based on characters by) - The Stare (2014) ... (based on characters by) - Duck! (2014) ... (based on characters by) - Save the Dump (2014) ... (based on characters by) - Picture Perfect (2014) ... (based on characters by) 1989 A Grand Day Out (Short) (written by) Hide - Timmy Makes a Splash (2012) ... (executive producer: Aardman Animations Ltd) - Timmy's Scrapbook (2011) ... (executive producer: Aardman Animations Ltd) 2007 Creature Comforts America (TV Series) (executive producer) 2003-2006 Creature Comforts (TV Series) (executive producer - 26 episodes) - Safari Park (2006) ... (executive producer) - Communication (2006) ... (executive producer) 1997 Stage Fright (Short) (executive producer) Hide 1985 Second Class Mail (Short) (color artist) Hide 2011 The Simpsons (TV Series) Nick Park - Angry Dad: The Movie (2011) ... Nick Park (voice) Hide 1989 A Grand Day Out (Short) (photographed by) Hide 1985 Second Class Mail (Short) (lots of help) Hide 2005-2015 Film 2016 (TV Series) Himself / Himself - Interviewee 2013 This Morning (TV Series) Himself 2012 Just Dandy (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2011 The Big Picture (TV Series) Himself - Executive Producer 2010 100 Greatest Toys (TV Movie) Himself (as Nick Park CBE) 2010 Breakfast (TV Series) 2007-2009 The Culture Show (TV Series documentary) Himself 2009 News Zero (TV Series) Himself 2008 The One Show (TV Series) Himself 2008 Blue Peter at 50 (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2008 All About 'Thunderbirds' (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2007 Comics Britannia (TV Mini-Series documentary) Himself 2007 British Film Forever (TV Mini-Series documentary) Himself 2007 The Comedy Map of Britain (TV Series documentary) Himself 2006 The South Bank Show (TV Series documentary) Himself 2006 Richard & Judy (TV Series) Himself 2005 The 100 Greatest Family Films (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2005 El Magacine (TV Series) Himself 2000-2005 HBO First Look (TV Series documentary) Himself 2005 Best Ever Ads (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2005 Rove Live (TV Series) Himself 2005 Top 50 Greatest Celebrity Animals (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2005 Animation Nation (TV Series documentary) Himself 2004 The 100 Greatest Christmas Moments (TV Special documentary) Himself 2001 The 100 Greatest Films (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2001 I Love the 1990s (TV Series documentary) Himself 2000 The Panel (TV Series) Himself 2000 Omnibus (TV Series documentary) Himself 2000 The Hatching of 'Chicken Run' (TV Short documentary) Himself 1994 Limited Edition (TV Series documentary) Himself 1994 Live & Kicking (TV Series) Himself Himself - Winner: Best Animated Short Film Hide Personal Details Other Works: [1996] Animated music video for \"In Your Wildest Dreams\" by Tina Turner and Barry White . See more » Publicity Listings: 5 Interviews \| 2 Articles \| See more » Official Sites: Did You Know? Personal Quote: [on the award-winning Peter Gabriel: Sledgehammer (1986) pop video] Part of the brief in a way was to look like a fourteen-year-old kid had made it in their attic and in a way that was the way it end", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505996	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which film of the early 1940s were the main supporting characters Ilsa Lund, Victor Laszlo and Captain Louis Renault?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Casablanca (1942) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC In Casablanca, Morocco in December 1941, a cynical American expatriate meets a former lover, with unforeseen complications. Director: a list of 21 titles created 18 Sep 2012 a list of 28 titles created 05 Feb 2013 a list of 32 titles created 03 Mar 2013 a list of 27 titles created 4 months ago a list of 49 titles created 1 month ago Search for \" Casablanca \" on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 3 Oscars. Another 4 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards » Videos Following the death of a publishing tycoon, news reporters scramble to discover the meaning of his final utterance. Director: Orson Welles A Phoenix secretary embezzles $40,000 from her employer's client, goes on the run, and checks into a remote motel run by a young man under the domination of his mother. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A wheelchair-bound photographer spies on his neighbours from his apartment window and becomes convinced one of them has committed murder. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A hapless New York advertising executive is mistaken for a government agent by a group of foreign spies, and is pursued across the country while he looks for a way to survive. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. Director: Milos Forman A San Francisco detective suffering from acrophobia investigates the strange activities of an old friend's wife, all the while becoming dangerously obsessed with her. Director: Alfred Hitchcock Directors: Victor Fleming, George Cukor, and 1 more credit » Stars: Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh, Thomas Mitchell A jury holdout attempts to prevent a miscarriage of justice by forcing his colleagues to reconsider the evidence. Director: Sidney Lumet When an open-minded Jewish librarian and his son become victims of the Holocaust, he uses a perfect mixture of will, humor and imagination to protect his son from the dangers around their camp. Director: Roberto Benigni An insane general triggers a path to nuclear holocaust that a war room full of politicians and generals frantically try to stop. Director: Stanley Kubrick A hack screenwriter writes a screenplay for a former silent-film star who has faded into Hollywood obscurity. Director: Billy Wilder A bounty hunting scam joins two men in an uneasy alliance against a third in a race to find a fortune in gold buried in a remote cemetery. Director: Sergio Leone Edit Storyline In World War II Casablanca, Rick Blaine, exiled American and former freedom fighter, runs the most popular nightspot in town. The cynical lone wolf Blaine comes into the possession of two valuable letters of transit. When Nazi Major Strasser arrives in Casablanca, the sycophantic police Captain Renault does what he can to please him, including detaining a Czechoslovak underground leader Victor Laszlo. Much to Rick's surprise, Lazslo arrives with Ilsa, Rick's one time love. Rick is very bitter towards Ilsa, who ran out on him in Paris, but when he learns she had good reason to, they plan to run off together again using the letters of transit. Well, that was their original plan.... Written by Gary Jackson <[email protected]> See All (148) » Taglines: As big and timely a picture as ever you've seen! You can tell by the cast it's important! gripping! big! See more » Genres: Rated PG for mild violence \| See all certifications » Parents Guide: 23 January 1943 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Everybody Comes to Rick's See more » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia The French dialogue between Yvonne and the French officer translates as: French Off", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505997	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which failed venture was led by the Duke of Medina Sidonia?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Duke of Medina Sidonia \| Tudor Chronicles thetudorchronicles Leave a comment July 1588 saw England under threat from the Spanish Armada. King Philip of Spain attempted to invade England by sending 130 ships to join with a large army that were waiting in Flanders led by the Duke of Parma. The Spanish had already made their way past the English navy who were docked in Plymouth and were heading towards London before the English caught up with them and battle commenced. See http://wp.me/p5LWKn-as for more on the first part of the Spanish Armada. On 27th July the Armada were in Calais waiting for the Duke of Parma whose army had been reduced to 16000 men through disease, Medina Sidonia was expecting the army to be ready and their barges stocked for them to depart instantly. However, because there was no communication between the two armies Parma was not ready and it would take at least six days for the barges to be loaded. Meanwhile, in England a council of war was taking place to decide how to deal with the latest developments and Lord Howard was joined by Lord Seymour and Sir Winter. Without knowing about it England had the upper hand. In an attempt to panic the Spanish on the 28th July at midnight the English took eight of their ships, stripped them of any valuables, painted the masts and rigging with tar and packed them with combustible material. A skeleton crew sailed them close to the Spanish who were still docked in Calais before abandoning the ship and boarded small boats that would take them away from what was about to happen. A double shot to the material would set the boats alight and they would travel straight into the waiting Armada. Medina Sidonia had expected the English to make some sort of move and so protected the Armada with smaller ships. Six of the eight ships sailed straight into the heart of the Armada and panic took a hold of the Spanish. In order to move away quickly the Spanish ships cut their anchors, which meant that they would be unable to dock anywhere else. Although no Spanish ships were burnt they had become scattered and the English closed in further. On 29th July in a small port near Flanders called Gravelines the English were joined by an extra 35 ships that had set sail from Kent with fresh supplies for the navy. Sir Francis Drake was determined to take advantage of the fireships and so began moving the navy to attack the Spanish at 6am with all the intelligence Drake had gathered during the smaller battles England had learnt a lot about the Armada. The canons that the English were using were far superior to the Spanish, they could fire faster and cause more damage at a longer range. After eight hours of fighting the English began to run out of ammunition and were forced to retreat. However, the English had destroyed five Spanish ships but the Spanish were not able to fight back any more. With no anchors and low ammunition and the English in pursuit the Spanish could only head north and travel around England. Lord Howard eventually called off the English navy as they were approaching the Firth of Forth, Scotland. By this point the Spanish were exhausted and Medina Sidonia decided that the only option left to the Armada was to return back to Spain defeated. The Battle of Gravelines The Spanish continued around Scotland and travelled back to Spain via Ireland. Food and water were running short and the men aboard the Armada were tired and becoming ill. Off the coast of Ireland the Armada encountered gales and many ships were wrecked on the coast of Ireland. Less than half the ships that originally set out from Spain made it back. thetudorchronicles Leave a comment King Philip II of Spain, once King of England through his marriage to Queen Mary I, authorised a fleet of 130 Spanish ships to set sail for England in the hope of invading and capturing the country, now ruled by Queen Elizabeth I and returning it back to the Catholic ways. On 28th May 1588 the Spanish Armada set said from Lisbon and began its journey towards the English Channel, aboard its 130 shops were 8000 sailors, 18000 soldiers", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505998	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which U.S. State is the area called The Hampton found?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Gemstones - Garnet SP-14-95 Garnet Garnet, the January birthstone, derived its name from the Latin word granatus, meaning like a grain, which refers to the mode of occurrence wherein crystals resemble grains or seeds embedded in the matrix. Garnet is a family of minerals having similar physical and crystalline properties. They all have the same general chemical formula, , where A can be calcium, magnesium, ferrous iron, or manganese, and B can be aluminum, ferric iron, or chromium, or in rare instances, titanium. The formulas and names of common garnet species are: Some rare species of garnet are known that illustrate the wide range of substitution that the garnet crystal structure can accommodate. They include: There are a number of trade and variety names for garnet, most of these names are for particular colors of a specie. Hessonite is the variety name for a fine orange, cinnamon brown, or pinkish variety of grossularite, while tsavorite is the trade name for fine dark green grossularite. Melanite is a black titanium bearing variety of andradite and demantoid is a rich green variety. Malaya is a trade name for a pyrope-spessartite that varies in color from red, through shades of orange and brownish orange to peach and pink. Rhodolite is a purplish red pyrope-almandite solid solution garnet. Fine-quality pyrope garnets from Czechoslovakia are often called Bohemian garnets. Almandite and almandite-pyrope solid solution garnets are the best abrasive types, but andradite, grossularite, and pyrope also are used. All species of garnet have been used as gemstones. (Photo is courtesy of the author.) Garnet displays the greatest variety of color of any mineral, occurring in every color except blue. For example, grossularite can be colorless, white, gray, yellow, yellowish green, various shades of green, brown, pink, reddish, or black. Andradite garnet can be yellow-green, green, greenish brown, orangy yellow, brown, grayish black or black. Pyrope is commonly purplish red, purplish red, orangy red, crimson, or dark red; and almandite is deep red, brownish red, brownish black or violet-red. Spessartite garnet can be red, reddish orange, orange, yellow-brown, reddish brown, or blackish brown. A few garnets exhibit a color-change phenomenon. They are one color when viewed in natural light and another color when viewed in incandescent light. The use of garnets as a gem or gemstone can be traced to prehistoric times. However, the first industrial use of garnet appears to have been as coated sandpaper manufactured in the United States by Henry Hudson Barton (founder of Barton Mines Corp.) in 1878. Its use has grown from that single sample of garnet coated sandpaper, to world industrial uses of more than 110,000 tons per year. In 1994, United States production of industrial garnet was valued at about $14 million, while gem garnet production was valued at only about $233,000. Many deposits within the United States produce fine gem-quality garnets and three deposits are mined for industrial garnet. A State-by-State review is presented below. Alaska.--Garnets from deposits along the Stikine River, often called \"Wrangell garnet\" after the nearest town which is located on Wrangell Island, are famous as mineral specimens because of their near perfect crystalline form. The garnets have limited use as gemstones because of their deep red color, however some cabochons are cut from them. Arizona.--Arizona is one of five States that has commercial production of gem garnets. Arizona's gem garnet is red pyrope from two locations in the extreme northern portion of Apache County on the Navajo Indian Reservation. One location is at Garnet Ridge which is about 8 km west of the town of Mexican Water, and the other location is in Buell Park on the Arizona and New Mexico border, about 16 km north of Fort Defiance. Faceted stones cut from materials from these locations average 1/2 to 1-1/2 carats in size, but stones as large as 5 carats are known from these locations. Additionally, fine-quality andradite specimens, so", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505999	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which South African politician is the only person to sign both peace treaties for the 1st and 2nd World Wars?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Edward N. Bomsey Autographs, Inc. $250.00 Description: (1870-1950) Boer lawyer, led commandos in the Second Boer War for the Transvaal against the British. Led Republican forces in Cape of Good Hope 1901-02, largely instrumental in effecting Union of South Africa. During WW I, led armies of South Africa against Germany, capturing German South-West Africa with Botha 1914-15 and commanding the British Army in East Africa 1916. He was also one of 5 members of the 1917-19 British War Cabinet, helping to create the Royal Air Force. He became a British Army Field Marshal in 1941, and served in the Imperial War Cabinet under Churchill. He was the only person to sign the peace treaties ending both the First & Second World Wars. South Africa�s 2nd & 4th PM, serving 1919-24 & 1939-48, and Minister of Justice 1933-39. One of his greatest international accomplishments was the establishment of the League of Nations, the exact design and implementation of which relied upon Smuts. He later urged the formation of a new international organization for peace: the United Nations. Smuts wrote the preamble to the UN Charter, and was the only person to sign the charters of both the League of Nations and the UN. He sought to redefine the relationship between Britain and her colonies, helping to establish the British Commonwealth. ALS, 2pp (1st & 4th pps of 7 x 4 � folded sheet, separable), Irene (Pretoria), Transvaal, November 27 1926, to a Mr. Stinton, in his difficult handwriting, responding to his letter requesting Smuts answer certain questiuons. Smuts is to busy with �other necessary duties� and finds it �unfortunately quite impossible� to answer them, and asks to be excused, commenting that the points raised are ��all of great importance, and require more and more careful consideration than I could give them at the present time.\" Condition: Very good, 2 folds", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506000	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the first US city to host an Olympic Games?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "US-HOSTED OLYMPICS \| Beijing, China - Embassy of the United States Embassy of the United States US-HOSTED OLYMPICS US-HOSTED OLYMPICS The United States has hosted eight times of Olympic Games, four times each for the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. The U.S. hosted its first Olympics in 1904 in St. Louis, Missouri. The last U.S.-hosted summer Olympics were held in Atlanta in 1996, preceded by Los Angeles in 1984 and 1932 and by St. Louis in 1904. The most recent winter Olympics in the U.S. were held in Salt Lake City, Utah in 2002. The International Olympic Committee (IOC), is the umbrella organization for the Olympics. The U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC), the National Olympic Committee for the U.S., is responsible for the training, competition opportunities and welfare of American athletes. The United States is the country that has hosted the Olympic Games the most often. After the USA, France has hosted the most Olympic Games -- five, including the 1992 Olympic Winter Games. US-hosted Summer Olympic Games:", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506001	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who directed the 1965 film 'The Sound Of Music'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Sound of Music (1965) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) G \| A woman leaves an Austrian convent to become a governess to the children of a Naval officer widower. Director: Robert Wise Writers: George Hurdalek (with the partial use of ideas by) (as Georg Hurdalek), Howard Lindsay (from the stage musical book by) \| 2 more credits » Stars: From $13.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 27 titles created 14 Dec 2013 a list of 44 titles created 19 Jan 2014 a list of 36 titles created 05 Oct 2015 a list of 39 titles created 12 Dec 2015 a list of 30 images created 1 month ago Title: The Sound of Music (1965) 8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 5 Oscars. Another 12 wins & 13 nominations. See more awards » Videos A magical nanny helps bring the two children she's in charge of closer to their father through songs and magical adventures. Director: Robert Stevenson A misogynistic and snobbish phonetics professor agrees to a wager that he can take a flower girl and make her presentable in high society. Director: George Cukor Young Oliver Twist runs away from an orphanage and meets a group of boys trained to be pickpockets by an elderly mentor. Director: Carol Reed Directors: Victor Fleming, George Cukor, and 3 more credits » Stars: Judy Garland, Frank Morgan, Ray Bolger A down-on-his-luck inventor turns a broken-down Grand Prix car into a fancy vehicle for his children, and then they go off on a magical fantasy adventure to save their grandfather in a far-off land. Director: Ken Hughes Charlie receives a golden ticket to a factory, his sweet tooth wants going into the lushing candy, it turns out there's an adventure in everything. Director: Mel Stuart Directors: William Cottrell, David Hand, and 4 more credits » Stars: Adriana Caselotti, Harry Stockwell, Lucille La Verne After inadvertently wreaking havoc on the elf community due to his ungainly size, a man raised as an elf at the North Pole is sent to the U.S. in search of his true identity. Director: Jon Favreau When a street urchin vies for the love of a beautiful princess, he uses a genie's magic power to make himself off as a prince in order to marry her. Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker Stars: Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin An angel is sent from Heaven to help a desperately frustrated businessman by showing him what life would have been like if he had never existed. Director: Frank Capra A young woman whose father has been imprisoned by a terrifying beast offers herself in his place, unaware that her captor is actually a prince, physically altered by a magic spell. Directors: Gary Trousdale, Kirk Wise Stars: Paige O'Hara, Robby Benson, Jesse Corti An 8-year old troublemaker must protect his home from a pair of burglars when he is accidentally left home alone by his family during Christmas vacation. Director: Chris Columbus Edit Storyline In 1930's Austria, a young woman named Maria is failing miserably in her attempts to become a nun. When the Navy captain Georg Von Trapp writes to the convent asking for a governess that can handle his seven mischievous children, Maria is given the job. The Captain's wife is dead, and he is often away, and runs the household as strictly as he does the ships he sails on. The children are unhappy and resentful of the governesses that their father keeps hiring, and have managed to run each of them off one by one. When Maria arrives, she is initially met with the same hostility, but her kindness, understanding, and sense of fun soon draws them to her and brings some much-needed joy into all their lives -- including the Captain's. Eventually he and Maria find themselves falling in love, even though Georg is already engaged to a Baroness and Maria is still a postulant. Th", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506002	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who led the first expedition that reached the South Pole?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "South Pole: Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott, Still Competing for History - ABC News ABC News South Pole: Roald Amundsen, Robert Falcon Scott Still Race By PETER GWYNNE WATCH Teen Reaches South Pole 0 Shares Email On December 14, 1911 , a five-man Norwegian team led by Roald Amundsen became the first explorers to reach the South Pole. Another five-man expedition reached the pole just 34 days later, this time a led by British Navy Captain Robert Falcon Scott . But a century later, both teams still seem to be competing against one another. While Amundsen's team traveled faultlessly back to their base on the edge of Antarctica and then on to civilization, Scott and his companions all died on their return from the pole. Today, both teams in the race to the Earth's southern extremity leave behind legacies that impact the modern understanding of the so-called heroic era of exploration, as well as the scientific understanding of the forbidding continent of Antarctica. Initially, Scott was seen as a tragic hero, particularly in Britain and other English-speaking countries. Many observers outside Scandinavia regarded Amundsen -- who had secretly changed his destination from the North to the South Pole -- as a usurper who had unsportingly jumped in on Scott's long-planned mission. Shifting Reputations Then in 1979, a book by Roland Huntford, a British journalist with long experience in Scandinavia, painted an entirely different picture. In \"Scott and Amundsen,\" Huntford portrayed Scott as an incompetent martinet and Amundsen as a perfect team leader who serenely achieved results. \"Scott was the parade ground automaton waiting for orders, while Amundsen wanted to give each man independence and make him feel that he was worth something,\" Huntford said. \"Amundsen made sure that his men never approached the outer limits of exhaustion; he had enough food and a large margin of safety. Scott took delight in exhausting himself, as the English idea was exhaustion and suffering.\" \"Huntford's book was the first to take a contrary view of Scott,\" said Heather Lane, keeper of collections at the Scott Polar Research Institute in Cambridge, England. \"Possibly more influential in changing public perception was the BBC drama based on it.\" Recently, views have begun to change again. Some historians point to the two ventures' contrasting goals. While Amundsen sought only the pole, they say, Scott's expedition included several prominent scientists who carried out significant research in other parts of Antarctica while the five-man team undertook its polar journey. \"While Scott's objective was to get to the pole, he was completely committed to running a first-rate scientific expedition,\" said Edward Larson, university professor of history at Pepperdine University in Malibu, Calif. In addition, some meteorological studies have made Scott a more sympathetic leader, by suggesting that his party encountered unprecedentedly bad weather on their return from the pole. \"The work done by recent biographers and historians has enabled a far more balanced view of Scott's achievements to come to the fore,\" Lane said. Fateful Decisions Amundsen's change of destination lies at the crux of the debate over the two men's reputations. A fearless explorer who had led the first party to navigate the Northwest Passage above Canada's and Alaska's Arctic coast, Amundsen originally planned to sail from Norway on a route that would take him around the tip of South America and then north for an attempt on the then undiscovered North Pole. But that target became moot in September, 1909, when Amundsen learned of claims by two Americans, Robert Peary and Frederick Cook, that they had reached 90 degrees north. Today, most Arctic historians regard both claims as false. Burdened by debts incurred in furnishing his expedition, Amundsen decided that he needed a spectacular achievement to appeal to his creditors. He chose the South Pole -- but initially told only his close friends. That represented a direct challenge to Scott, who, in 1909, had announced his intention to try for t", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506003	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which airline has flight FR9146 from Liverpool to Barcelona and flight FR 9862 from Liverpool to Malaga?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Ryanair Flight Tracker \| Live Flight Status & Information 17/01/17 22:30 Track your Ryanair flight Ryanair has pride of place as one of Europes most popular ultra-low cost carrier airlines. With aircrafts operating more than 1,600 daily flights from 57 locations to 180 destinations, it's a good idea to keep track of your journey. That's why Holiday Extras has created a live tracker for airlines - like Ryanair - operating in the UK. By simply finding your flight number, your flight tracker keeps you up to date with your journey including a countdown to departure and a weather report for your arrival. The trip to the airport needn't be stressful, your flight tracker keeps an eye on time and pre-holiday panics to a minimum. One simple search can see you setting off to the terminal with a cheap travel insurance policy ready to go and prepped with the best value, pre-booked airport parking. Ryanair flight arrivals and departures From Stansted to Gatwick and UK airports further afield, your live tracker keeps up to date with all aircrafts leaving and landing on UK runways. The live flight info means you're always one step ahead with a heads up to your departure time, and notification of any delays or cancellations. Travel checklist Stay organised in the run up to your trip and avoid luggage mishaps by making the most of our nifty travel checklist. Flip-flops to ski boots, swimsuit to skis, we'll make sure you've packed everything you need. Keep your checklist safe and coffee-ring free by entering your e-mail address to save your all of your flight tracker progress. Flight packages Standard Book a Standard flight with Ryanair to be assured of the best prices going. All of the companys aircrafts are leading models, and populated by spacious, comfortable seats. Priority Boarding Ryanair does not offer business or executive class packages, but customers can pay extra for Priority Boarding, which allows them to skip the queues and find their seat before the majority of passengers board the plane. An airline with an instant impact When Ryanair burst onto the scene in 1985 it immediately changed the airline industry. Charging less than half of what its rivals were for flights from Dublin to London, Ryanair broke the high cost monopoly to the delight of UK travellers. The airline grew as rapidly as you would have expected, and its passenger number of 5,000 in 1985 had jumped to more than 50 million by 2007. Ryanair still offers the lowest fares in 2013. Tried, tested and recommended We've slept in every hotel and parked in every car park we sell. We know our partners are as dedicated as we are to making your holiday hassle-free. Lowest price guarantee You can be confident that Holiday Extras prices will never be beaten but in the unlikely event you find the same product for less somewhere else, we will match the price, guaranteed. Terms and conditions apply. 4+ million bookings Over 4 million bookings last year and the number is rising. We would like to thank all of our customers who keep on returning. Expert customer service We've 150 experts in Kent whose mission is to ensure your call or live chat will be answered within 20 seconds or your email within 15 minutes. © 2017 Holiday Extras Ltd Company registered in England and Wales (01693250). Office registered at Ashford Road, Newingreen, Kent, UK, CT21 4JF. HolidayExtras.com, established in 1983, is the UK market leader in pre-booked UK airport hotels and parking. Holiday Extras prides itself on providing the best products, the best service and above all, great low prices. 1,171,364 Holiday Extras customers have given an average rating of 88% . Prices start from £33 8 days parking, £50 room with parking.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506004	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Alta Vista is a type of what?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Alta Vista, Laguna Beach, CA Apartments for Rent - realtor.com® Alta Vista, Laguna Beach, CA Apartments for Rent Alta Vista, Laguna Beach, CA Real Estate and Homes for Sale Displaying results based upon viewable map area. Click to revert to last search. × Single Family Home For Rent 2 bd How Much Home Can You Afford? Calculate your true monthly costs based on: Income The zip code is not valid Move To The zip code is not valid Size of Move Moving To: XX address The cost calculator is intended to provide a ballpark estimate for information purposes only and is not to be considered an actual quote of your total moving cost. Data provided by Moving Pros Network LLC. More… The calculator is based on industry average costs. Your move costs may vary depending on the actual weight of your goods, the services you request or are needed to complete the move, and/or on the pricing of each individual mover. Also, certain costs are not reflected in this calculation, for example any fuel surcharge that may be applicable at the time of your move and valuation costs. Get a Free Quote from a Professional Mover Moving date: The first name is not valid Last Name The last name is not valid Email The email is not valid Phone Number No Thanks By clicking \"Get Your Free Quote,\" I consent to receiving moving quotes from up to four (4) companies as may be selected by Moving.com, who may contact me using an automated dialing system or a pre-recorded message at the phone number I've provided above. × Thanks! Your message is on its way. A moving professional will contact you soon. Hunting for Alta Vista apartments for rent and other rentals? Realtor.com® has rentals listings in Alta Vista, Laguna Beach, CA for you to search. The listings that you see here are precise and comprehensive and put virtually all of the important property details right in front of you. Simply key in your search criteria to begin finding your dream apartment in Alta Vista. For a more detailed analysis of floor plans and feature options, browse through our lovely photos. Realtor.com® is your ideal option to find apartments for rent in Alta Vista online. Unearth places to rent where you've always wanted to live right now.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506005	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In 1969, the 'Football War' was fought between Honduras and which neighbouring country?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Latin America: Honduras and El Salvador Football War 21,000 men Conflict Summary: During the early decades of the 20th century, thousands of Salvadorans migrated from their home country of El Salvador into neighboring Honduras. This was largely due to an oppressive government and the lure of cheap land. By 1969, approximately 350,000 Salvadorans were residing across the border. During the 1960s, their situation began to degrade as the government of General Oswaldo Lopez Arellano attempted to remain in power. In 1966, the large land owners in Honduras formed the National Federation of Farmers and Livestock-Farmers of Honduras with the goal of protecting their interests. Pressuring the Arellano government, this group succeeded in launching a government propaganda campaign aimed at advancing their cause. This campaign had the secondary effect of boosting Honduran nationalism among the populace. Flush with national pride, Hondurans began attacking Salvadoran immigrants and inflicting beatings, torture, and, in some cases, murder. In early 1969, tensions increased further with the passage of a land reform act in Honduras. This legislation confiscated land from Salvadoran immigrants and redistributed it among native-born Hondurans. Stripped of their land, immigrant Salvadorans were forced to return to El Salvador. As tensions grew on both sides of the border, El Salvador began claiming the land taken from Salvadoran immigrants as its own. With the media in both nations inflaming the situation, the two countries met in a series of qualifying matches for the 1970 FIFA World Cup that June. The first game was played on June 6 in Tegucigalpa and resulted in a 1-0 Honduran victory. This was followed on June 15 by a game in San Salvador which El Salvador won 3-0. Both games were surrounded by riot conditions and open displays of extreme national pride. The actions of the fans at the matches ultimately gave name to the conflict that would occur in July. On June 26, the day before the deciding match was played in Mexico (won 3-2 by El Salvador), El Salvador announced that it was severing diplomatic relations with Honduras. The government justified this action by stating that Honduras had taken no action to punish those who had committed crimes against Salvadoran immigrants. As a result, the border between the two countries was locked down and border skirmishes began on a regular basis. Anticipating that a conflict was likely, both governments had been actively increasing their militaries. Blocked by a US arms embargo from directly purchasing weapons, they sought alternative means of acquiring equipment. This included purchasing World War II vintage fighters, such as F4U Corsairs and P-51 Mustangs , from private owners. As a result, the Football War was the last conflict to feature piston-engine fighters dueling one another. Early on the morning of July 14, the Salvadoran air force began striking targets in Honduras. This was in conjunction with a major ground offensive which centered on the main road between the two countries. Salvadoran troops also moved against several Honduran islands in the Golfo de Fonseca. Though meeting opposition from the smaller Honduran army, the Salvadoran troops advanced steadily and captured the departmental capital of Nueva Ocotepeque. In the skies, the Hondurans fair better as their pilots quickly destroyed much of the Salvadoran air force. Striking across the border, Honduran aircraft hit Salvadoran oil facilities and depots disrupting the flow of supplies to the front. With their logistical network badly damaged, the Salvadoran offensive began to bog down and came to a halt. On July 15, the Organization of American States met in an emergency session and demanded that El Salvador withdraw from Honduras. The government in San Salvador refused unless promised that reparations would be made to those Salvadorans who were displaced and that those who remained in Honduras would not be harmed. Working diligently, the OAS was able to arrange a ceasefire on July 18 which took effect two days later. Still unsatis", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506006	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Born Annelies Marie on June 12, 1929, who received a diary for her 13th birthday?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Anne Frank: Biography, Timeline, & Facts \| The Free Resource Anne Frank: Biography, Timeline, & Facts Live Search Anne Frank: Biography, Timeline, & Facts Table of Contents Anne Frank Quotes Brief Biography of Anne Frank Anne Frank was born Annelies Marie Frank on June 12, 1929, in Frankfurt, Germany . She lived there with her parents, Otto and Edith, and her older sister, Margot, until the Nazi seizure of power in Germany in 1933. Because of the Nazi anti-Jewish decrees that made it increasingly unsafe for Jews to live in Germany , Anne’s father opened a branch of his business in Amsterdam that same year, and the Frank family relocated there. Adolph Hitler conquered Holland in 1940, and the Nazis imposed their anti-Semitic policies, severely restricting the lives and freedom of movement of Dutch Jews. Otto recognized the impending danger and began to prepare and stock an annex behind his business as a hiding place from the Nazis. Anne and her family moved into the achterhuis, or “secret annex,” on July 5, 1942. They were joined there by another family of three, along with an elderly man. Four of Otto’s friends and business colleagues Johannes Kleiman, Victor Kugler, Jan Gies and Miep Gies acted as helpers for the eight people in the secret annex, smuggling in food and clothing. This they did at great personal risk of arrest for helping Jews. The Frank family, along with the four other inhabitants of the secret annex, remained in hiding until Aug. 4, 1944, when their refuge was revealed to the Nazis by an anonymous caller. The Nazis deported the eight first to Westerbork detention and transit camp on the German border on Aug. 8 and from there to the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland on Sept. 3, 1944. Otto Frank was separated from his wife and daughters upon arrival. They all survived the selection, watching as others were sent to their deaths in the gas chambers. In Auschwitz, prisoners, including the Franks, were used as slave labor. Otto was the only one of the Frank family to survive the Holocaust . Anne and Margot Frank were relocated along with 8,000 women to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany on Oct. 28, 1944, as the Soviet forces advanced. Edith Frank was left behind and later died of starvation at Auschwitz. In June 1943, Bergen-Belsen had been redesignated as Aufenthaltslager (holding camp) to avoid inspection by international committees. Average life expectancy of inmates in Bergen-Belsen was nine months; the overcrowded conditions caused deaths from disease, the typhus epidemic in particular, and malnutrition. The camp, designed to hold 10,000 inmates, contained 41,520 prisoners by March 1945, the month Anne Frank and her sister Margot died. The number of deaths at Bergen-Belsen that March was 18,168. The bodies of these victims were buried in mass graves; the location of Anne and Margot Frank’s grave is unknown, although there is now a memorial to Anne and Margot Frank at the former Bergen-Belsen site. Both Margot and Anne Frank contracted epidemic typhus at Bergen-Belsen. Epidemic typhus causes high fever, severe joint and muscle pain and headache, low blood pressure, cough, chills, rash, stupor and delirium. Witnesses described Anne as bald, emaciated and shivering. They said that Anne believed that her parents were dead and so she lost the will to live. Other witnesses testified that in March 1945 they had seen Margot fall from her bunk in her weakened state and die from the shock of the fall. Anne died a few days later. Bergen-Belsen was liberated by British troops on April 15, 1945. Anne Frank is widely known mainly from the diary that she wrote during her two years in hiding in the secret annex in Amsterdam . She had received the diary from her parents for her 13th birthday, about a month before the family went into hiding. Her diary was left behind in the annex when her family was arrested. Miep Gies, one of the people helping the Franks while they were in hiding, kept the diary for Anne. It was published after the war under the title “The Diary of a Young Girl.” The Timel", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506007	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which mythical Titan shares his name with the first cervical vertebrae in humans?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Cervical Vertebrae - Anatomy Pictures and Information Home > Skeletal System > Spine > Cervical Vertebrae Cervical Vertebrae The cervical vertebrae of the spine consist of seven bony rings that reside in the neck between the base of the skull and the thoracic vertebrae in the trunk. Among the vertebrae of the spinal column, the cervical vertebrae are the thinnest and most delicate bones. Yet, in spite of their size, the cervical vertebrae have the huge jobs of supporting the head, protecting the spinal cord, and providing mobility to the head and neck. The cervical vertebrae are stacked along the length of the neck to form a continuous column between the skull and the chest.... Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame Identify objects: Click on them in the image 2D Interactive 3D Rotate & Zoom Change Anatomical System Vertebra and Spinal Cord, Cross-section Full Cervical Vertebrae Description [Continued from above] . . . Each cervical vertebra is named by its position in order from superior (C1 or first cervical vertebra) to inferior (C7 or seventh cervical vertebra). The C1 vertebra, which holds up the skull, is named the atlas after the mythological titan Atlas who similarly held the Earth on his shoulders. Similar to the C1 vertebra, the C2 vertebra is named the axis as it provides the axis upon which the skull and atlas rotate when the head is moved side to side. Each cervical vertebra consists of a thin ring of bone, or vertebral arch, surrounding the vertebral and transverse foramina. The vertebral foramen is a large opening in the center of the vertebra that provides space for the spinal cord and its meninges as they pass through the neck. Flanking the vertebral foramen on each side are the much smaller transverse foramina. The transverse foramina surround the vertebral arteries and veins, which, along with the carotid arteries and jugular veins, have the vital job of carrying blood to and from the brain. Extending from the vertebral arch are several bony processes that are involved in muscle attachment and movement of the neck. The spinous process extends from the posterior end of the arch and serves as a connection point for the muscles that extend the neck, such as the trapezius and spinalis muscles. On the left and right lateral sides of each vertebra is a transverse process that forms the insertion point for the muscles of the erector spinae group that extend and flex the neck. A thickened region of bone known as the body lies anterior to the vertebral foramen and forms the main bone mass in all vertebrae except for the atlas. The bodies strengthen the vertebrae and support most of the weight of the tissues of the head and neck. Intervertebral disks made of rubbery fibrocartilage lie between the vertebral bodies to provide slight flexibility to the neck. Lateral to the vertebral bodies are flattened facets that form joints with the neighboring vertebrae and skull, allowing movement among the vertebrae. The axis has a very distinct shape due to the presence of the odontoid process, a tooth-like prominence that extends from its body superiorly toward the axis. The odontoid process serves as the axis upon which the atlas rotates at the atlantoaxial joint. Despite being some of the smallest and lightest bones in the axial skeleton, the cervical vertebrae perform many important functions that are critical to the survival of the body. Vital nerves and blood vessels passing through the neck are protected from mechanical damage by the bony arches of the cervical vertebrae. The cervical vertebrae also provide support to the head and neck, including supporting the muscles that move this region of the body. The muscles that attach to the vertebral processes provide posture to the head and neck throughout the day and have the greatest endurance of all of the body’s muscles. Finally, the many joints formed between the skull and cervical vertebrae provide incredible flexibility that allows the head and neck to rotate, flex, and extend. Prepared by T", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506008	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; From Latin meaning border, or edge, what traditional term refers to the brain structures including the hippocampus and amygdala, which support functions of emotion, behaviour, long term memory, and smell?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Cognitive Neuroscience Exam One Flashcards - Cram.com is a ridge on the cerebral cortex. It is generally surrounded by one or more sulci. Hippocampus a major component of the brains of humans and other mammals. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in long-term memory and spatial navigation. Like the cerebral cortex, with which it is closely associated, it is a paired structure, with mirror-image halves in the left and right sides of the brain. In humans and other primates, the hippocampus is located inside the medial temporal lobe, beneath the cortical surface. It contains two main interlocking parts: Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus. In Alzheimer's disease the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage; memory problems and disorientation appear among the first symptoms. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation (hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy. People with extensive hippocampal damage may experience amnesia—the inability to form or retain new memories. Hypothalamus is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus, just above the brain stem. In the terminology of neuroanatomy, it forms the ventral part of the diencephalon. All vertebrate brains contain a hypothalamus. In humans, it is roughly the size of an almond. The hypothalamus is responsible for certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system. It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones, often called hypothalamic-releasing hormones, and these in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones. The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, thirst,[1] fatigue, and circadian cycles. Limbic Sytem a set of brain structures including the hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, and limbic cortex, which seemingly support a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long term memory, and olfaction.[1] The term \"limbic\" comes from the Latin limbus, for \"border\" or \"edge\". Some scientists have suggested that the concept of the limbic system should be abandoned as obsolete, as it is grounded more in transient tradition than in facts.[2] Medulla the lower half of the brainstem. In discussions of neurology and similar contexts where no ambiguity will result, it is often referred to as simply the medulla. The medulla contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic functions, such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. Midbrain comprises the tectum (or corpora quadrigemina), tegmentum, the ventricular mesocoelia (or \"iter\"), and the cerebral peduncles, as well as several nuclei and fasciculi. Caudally the mesencephalon adjoins the pons (metencephalon) and rostrally it adjoins the diencephalon (Thalamus, hypothalamus, et al.). Neocortex called the neopallium (\"new mantel\") and isocortex (\"equal rind\"), is a part of the brain of mammals. It is the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres, and made up of six layers, labelled I to VI (with VI being the innermost and I being the outermost). The neocortex is part of the cerebral cortex (along with the archicortex and paleocortex, which are cortical parts of the limbic system). It is involved in higher functions such as sensory perception, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning, conscious thought and language. Neuronal Migration Neuronal migration is the method by which neurons travel from their origin or birth place to their final position in the brain. There are several ways they can do this, e.g. by radial migration or tangential migration. (see time lapse sequences of radial migration (also known as glial guidance) and somal translocation.)[4] Nucleus Nucleus of a neuron is an oval shaped membrane-bound structure found in the soma or body of the neuron. It contains the nucl", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506009	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who stepped down as chief of 21st Century Fox in 2015?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Rupert Murdoch plans to step down as 21st Century Fox CEO - Jun. 11, 2015 Rupert Murdoch plans to step down as 21st Century Fox CEO by Brian Stelter and Tom Kludt @CNNMoney June 11, 2015: 12:25 PM ET Rupert Murdoch stepping down from 21st Century Fox Rupert Murdoch, one of the world's most influential media executives, is preparing to step down as CEO of 21st Century Fox, according to three people with knowledge of the matter. Murdoch, 84, is expected to hand over responsibility for the media empire to his sons James and Lachlan. James will be CEO; Lachlan will be co-executive chairman. \"He really wants his boys to run the company together,\" one of the sources close to Murdoch said. Another source described the transition as a \"title change,\" with the elder Murdoch still having the final say as executive chairman. \"He will be actively involved,\" the source said. But it's a title change decades in the making with wide-reaching consequences for the media industry. The succession plan was first reported by CNBC's David Faber on Wednesday morning. Chase Carey, the president and chief operating officer of 21st Century Fox, will leave those posts as James takes over, but Carey remain an adviser to the elder Murdoch. Carey signed a two-year contract last June. 2011: Murdoch's wife's pie-blocking skills The changes will be discussed at a 21st Century Fox board meeting early next week. It is unclear when the changes will take effect. A Murdoch spokeswoman declined to comment, other than to say, \"the matter of succession is on the agenda at our upcoming, regularly scheduled board meeting.\" Longtime Murdoch watchers -- and there are many -- said the power-sharing arrangement is a logical step by the elder Murdoch, who has been grooming his sons for decades. \"Rupert Murdoch's long game works,\" NPR's David Folkenflik, the author of a book about Murdoch, tweeted. He called the 2011 phone-hacking scandal at Murdoch's newspapers \"a faint if damning memory.\" James Murdoch stepped down as head of BSkyB after he became ensnared in the scandal that rocked the Murdoch's British newspapers. Afterward, the family empire was split into two companies, News Corp. and 21st Century Fox, and James was promoted to co-chief operating officer of 21st Century Fox, alongside Carey. Rupert Murdoch and his sons James and Lachlan. News Corp. is run by Robert Thompson, who has previously run the Times of London, Dow Jones publishing and the Wall Street Journal for his close friend Rupert Murdoch. The two companies are comprised of different types of media properties. News Corp.'s business is largely in publishing, with companies such as the Wall Street Journal, the New York Post and HarperCollins in its portfolio. 21st Century Fox, the bigger of the two companies, is in the film and broadcasting business, with holdings such as the Fox News Channel, Fox Sports and the 20th Century Fox movie studio. Rupert Murdoch's lucrative career spans several decades, beginning in the 1950s when he took over a company in his native Australia that owned a single daily newspaper. In the years that followed, the company acquired more newspapers in Australia and the UK. By the 1980s, News Corp. acquired The Times and Sunday Times, as well as HarperCollins. He is a legend in the industry -- respected by many, feared by many. One of his most significant properties in the United States is Fox News, which launched in 1996. The outlet has gone on to dominate cable news and wield influence over Republican party politics. Fox News will reportedly make more than $2 billion this year. Fox News reported on Thursday morning that its chairman and CEO, Roger Ailes, \"Will continue to run the news network, reporting directly to Rupert Murdoch.\" News of the family transition immediately cast ripples throughout the media industry on Thursday. Shortly after CNBC broke the story, Murdoch was a trending topic on Twitter. But Murdoch's own Twitter feed, which serves as a platform for the mogul's ruminations on politics and other contemporary affairs, was silent. CNNMoney (New York) First publish", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506010	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What name is given to the microscopic plants found in great numbers in rivers, lakes, and oceans?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Aquatic Plants and Lakes Ecology home > Water Quality > Aquatic Plants, Algae & Lakes > Native Freshwater Plants - Aquatic Plants and Lakes Native Freshwater Plants Aquatic Plants and Lakes Introduction Plants growing in our lakes, ponds, and streams are called macrophytes. These aquatic plants appear in many shapes and sizes. Some have leaves that float on the water surface,while others grow completely underwater. In moderation, aquatic plants are aesthetically pleasing and desirable environmentally. Their presence is natural and normal in lakes, and in fact they are an important link in a lake's life system. In large quantities, plants can interfere with some water uses and may be seen as a problem. When lake users are confronted with too many plants in the wrong places, a common reaction is to remove the entire problem. Such hasty decisions are often made with little regard for the important role plants play in the water environment. Neglecting to see these interrelations often results in unintended impacts to wildlife, fish, and other forms of life. Unfortunately, the information required to make environmentally sound decisions is not always easily available. Without this information, how can anyone know what is best over the long term to do about aquatic plants? The purpose of this information is to provide some general but pertinent information and insights regarding aquatic plants: (1) how they came to be where they are, (2) what beneficial contributions that they make to life in the lake, (3) how our activities can affect them, and (4) some things to consider if plant removal is planned. Acknowledgments: This information was taken from a brochure called About Aquatic Plants written by the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle's (METRO) Water Resource Section (now King County). Life History of a Lake A question frequently raised regarding aquatic plants is why some lakes have them in abundance and others do not. An answer to this question lies in the explanation of the lake's aging cycle. Most of our local lakes came into being as a result of activity of glaciers in the most recent ice age, approximately 10,000 years ago. A lake bed is a natural depression or low spot in the terrain. In the Puget Sound lowlands they were often gouged out by movement of glacial ice. These depressions then became holding basins for water of the drainage area as it flowed toward sea level. As a lake detains water on its way downstream, it also becomes a settling pond for sediment. Part of the sediment that settles in lakes is carried in by the flow of streams or other runoff, and part comes from the accumulation of the remains of organisms in the water and near the shoreline. Aquatic life includes visible plants and animals and also multitudes of microscopic plants and animals that can, over time, add significantly to the accumulation of sediment in the lake by dying and settling to the bottom. The microscopic plants in the water are nourished by plant nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) that originate in the watershed and are washed into the lake. Within the lake, a portion of these nutrients can be recycled indefinitely, while more continue to be washed in from the lake basin. Over time sediment accumulates in the lake as productivity gradually increases. When first formed, many of the lake beds were deep and clean (mostly free of sediment). Sediments that were first deposited were silty and had little organic material because there was little life in or around the lakes. Over time, hundreds or thousands of years, the sediment deposits became deeper and more favorable to the growth of rooted, aquatic plants (macrophytes). As these plants (and the microscopic life in the water, now also more abundant) died back at the end of each growing season or life cycle, they enriched the sediments with organic material. Since macrophytes tend to grow better in organically richer sediments, this process set up a cycle of more growth in the lake causing richer sediments and these in turn favored ev", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506011	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"The phrase \"\"Mountain Standard Time\"\" refers to what mountains?\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A Glossary of American Mountain Men Terms, Words & Expressions A Glossary of American Mountain Men Terms, Words & Expressions Compiled by Walt Hayward & Brad McDade © 1997 The American Mountain Men A AIRLINE The shortest and straightest line between two points. This term was in use long before the invention of aircraft. APAREJO A large, padded packsaddle designed to handle awkward, heavy loads. Very likely the first type of packsaddle, Unlike the sawbuck, panniers cannot be handled with this saddle. APISHEMORE A saddle pad, often made of hair. APPALOS An early camp food made by skewering alternate pieces of lean meat and fat on a sharpened stick and roasting over a low fire. When it was possible to get them, pieces of potato or vegetable, were intermixed with the fat and the meat. This method of cooking was much used by many tribes of Indians, as well as the Mountain Men. ARKANSAS TOOTHPICK A large, pointed dagger used mostly by river men. AS THE CROW FLIES See \"Airline\" AUX ALIMENTS DU PAYS French for \"nourishment of the land'. All the free trappers and many engages were required to live \"aux aliments du pays\", surviving by using the provisions of nature. AVANT COURIER A French word meaning \"scout\". This word was used by both voyageurs and mountain men. AWERDENTY BARK ON, HE HAS THE Said of a courageous person. BARK TO To skin an animal. To scalp a man. a squirrel by shooting the tree bark from under him. BIG FIFTY The .50 caliber Sharps rifle used by the buffalo hunter. BEAM A fallen tree used for fleshing hides. This was also called a graining beam or a fleshing beam. BEAR PEN A type of trap in which the fall acts as a lid over a pen, thereby catching the animal alive. BEE LINE See \"Airline\". BITCH A lamp made by filling a tin cup with bear or other animal fat, then inserting a twisted rag or piece of cotton rope to act as a wick. BLACKBIRD STORM An unexpected cold storm in late spring. BLANC BEC A term used by voyageurs for a new man who had yet to travel the Missouri past the Platte River. As with many voyageur terms, this was later adopted by some Mountain Men with much the same meaning. BOIS DE VACHE Buffalo chips used as fuel. BONE PICKER A despised human scavenger who hunted for, and sold, the bones of dead animals, mostly buffalo. BOOSHWAY The leader of a party of mountain men. The word comes from the French \"bourgeois\", used by the voyageurs. BOSCHLOPER A trapper or hunter BOUDINS The real treat of the mountain man. A buffalo gut containing chyme, which was cut into lengths about 24 inches long and roasted before a fire until crisp and sizzling. BREED A person of Indian and White blood. A half-breed. BRIGADE A keelboat crew. BUCKSKIN Tanned deerskin from which much of the clothing of the Indian and mountain man was made. If Indian tanned, buckskin was usually a very light dolor, often almost white. Darker color was usually obtained by smoking the skin over an open fire. BUFFALO BOAT A boat made of raw buffalo skins, much used by traders. This boat differed from the Bull Boat in that it was larger and had a normal boat shape. BUFFALO CHIP Buffalo manure, dried and used as fuel. BUFFALO CIDER The fluid found in the stomach of the buffalo. Used by both mountain men and Indians to quench thirst. BUFFALO DANCE An Indian dance used to insure success on a buffalo hunt. BUFFALOED See \"Big Fifty\". BUFFALO LICK A natural saltlick used by buffalo and other game animals. Usually a very good place to find game. BUFFALO RANGE Any wide-open feeding area used by buffalo. BUFFALO ROBE The skin of the buffalo, tanned with the hair on. Used by traders, Indians, and mountain men as ground covers, robes and blankets, BUFFALO WALLOW The depression made by buffalo rolling and dusting themselves. The same wallows were used year after year often becoming quite deep. BUFFALO WOLF A large, gray wolf found around buffalo herds. Young buffalo calves were the natural food of this animal. BUG'S BOYS The Blackfoot Indians. BUG-TIT A derisive term used to mean any company official who tended to think that he was more important than he actuall", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506012	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Batterhead, Flam and Rimshot are all terms associated with which musical instrument?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Library of Drum Related Terms « Back To Articles Library of Drum Related Terms Welcome to the complete Library Of Drum Related Terms section of FreeDrumLessons.com. Here you will find a complete list of drum related terms, along with detailed description of each. This is a powerful tool for drummer of every skill level. Not sure what a polyrhythm is? Or maybe you are wondering where the tension rods are located on a drum kit? With this library of terms, simply scroll to the term you are unsure of and read up on it! Keep this page in mind for whenever you come across a term that you are unsure of! Accents - Notes played louder then normal to give a distinct shot or hit. Accents are played usually to compliment other musicians in the band, or to spice up the current beat. Accents require stick control and are great to practice. Afro Cuban - A type of Latin drumming that includes influences from Africa and Cuba. This style of music involves many of the Latin patterns, such as the Clave, Cascara, and Tumbao. There are many different types of Afro-Cuban music out there, so make sure you sample every style! American Grip - Holding the drum sticks in matched grip style, with palms facing down. Elbows should be relaxed at your sides, and the sticks should make a 45 degree angle. Very popular style of grip for rock drumming. Baião - An up tempo style of Latin music that is usually played with lots of energy. This groove is derived from the north east of Brazil. The Baião has a distinct bass drum pattern that drives the beat forward. A very catchy beat that is easy to dance to! Bar - A bar is a term used in music theory. A bar is a measure of time decided by the amount of beats in the time signature. If the time signature is 4/4, then the bar would consist of 4 counts. Here is an example of a bar of music. Bass comping -To add accents or hits to a pattern or groove with your bass drum. Comping is short for complimenting, which in drumming means to add shots when other members of the band are playing to accent their notes. Bass drum comping is done in all sorts of music; however the term is most popular in jazz music. Check out some examples of bass drum comping here! Bass drum - Usually the biggest drum on the drum set. The bass drum is played with your feet with the use of a pedal. The bass drum is played to drive the beat, and usually offers more of a pulse then tone. Bass drum pedal -The bass drum pedal is the device used to kick the bass drum. The bass pedal is made of a foot pad, spring, and a beater. Click for a complete diagram of the bass drum pedal. Bass pedal spring - This spring is located on the bass drum, and is placed vertically on the side of pedals. The spring is what sets the tension of the pedal itself. Tightening this spring will give the beater much more bounce to its movement, while loosening it will allow it to move a lot smoother. This is a very important part of the bass drum pedal that is often ignored. Make sure you are replacing your springs every so often to keep the effectiveness of it up! Batter head - The batter head of a drum is the side in which you hit. There are two heads on a drum, the batter and resonant. The Batter head can be many different styles of skin. It can be coated, 2-ply, single ply, pinstriped, or more. The batter head uses different type skins than the resonant heads. Beater - The beater is the piece of a bass drum pedal that drives into the bass drum. This is a head that is attached to a rod that is attached to the top of your bass drum pedal. There are many different types of beaters; there are felt beaters, wood beaters, plastic beaters, and multi-function beaters. Each has their own sound. Bembé - A more difficult style of Latin music played in the time signature of 6/8. Usually played at faster upbeat tempos. Also known as a Nanigo. Bossa Nova - The Bossa Nova is a Latin style of music that is very easy to listen to. The Bossa Nova has a distinct bass drum pattern that is very similar to the Samba. This style of music is played at a slower tempo. The Bossa Nova is usually on", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506013	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Pebbles and Bam Bam was a spin-off of which TV series?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show (TV Series 1971–1976) - IMDb The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show TV-G \| The misadventures of the children of the Flintstones and the Rubbles as teenagers. Stars: a list of 272 titles created 17 Feb 2011 a list of 28 titles created 20 Jun 2012 a list of 19 titles created 02 Aug 2014 a list of 85 titles created 7 months ago a list of 32 images created 3 months ago Title: The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show (1971–1976) 5.8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. The adventures of a space superhero who can become invisible and his sidekicks. Stars: Gary Owens, Johnny Carson, Tim Matheson The futuristic undersea adventures of a goofy talking shark and his human musical band companions. Stars: Tommy Cook, Barry Gordon, Julie McWhirter In this widely syndicated cartoon, King Zandor and a group of bizarre creatures protect their futuristic kingdom from creatures from other galaxies. Stars: Mike Road, Virginia Gregg, Ted Eccles Universal war wages between two prehistoric alien races. One of the races is the heroic Kherubim while the other is the evil Daemonites. Stars: Denis Akiyama, Paul Mota, Roscoe Handford A pre-teen version of Scooby Doo, with a pint-sized version of the title character. Stars: Mark L. Taylor, Casey Kasem, Don Messick The greatest of the DC Comics superheroes work together to uphold the good with the help of some young proteges. Stars: Sherry Alberoni, Norman Alden, Danny Dark Shaggy and Scooby and friends must return 13 ghosts to a magic chest which they inadvertently released. Stars: Casey Kasem, Heather North, Vincent Price A dog, able to become temporarily invisible, and his human companions investigate mysteries involving the paranormal. Stars: Paul Winchell, Jo Ann Harris, Ronnie Schell The misadventures of the family staff of The Shady Rest Hotel and their neighbors of Hooterville. Stars: Edgar Buchanan, Linda Henning, Bea Benaderet The misadventures of a nun who can fly and her convent and neighbours. Stars: Sally Field, Marge Redmond, Madeleine Sherwood Dynomutt Dog Wonder (TV Series 1976) Animation \| Comedy The adventures of a robotic dog superhero who proves as much a hindrance as asset to his master, the Blue Falcon. Stars: Gary Owens, Frank Welker, Henry Corden Scooby Doo and the gang solve mysteries; then Blue Falcon and Dynomutt fight crime in each two-part episode of this animated series. Stars: John Stephenson, Frank Welker, Casey Kasem Edit Storyline In the original Flintstones, Pebbles was the baby daughter of Fred and Wilma Flintstone, while Bamm-Bamm was the son of neighbors Barney and Betty rubble. Now they've grown up to be teenagers, and they get into various hijinks with their other teenaged friends. Written by Afterburner <[email protected]> 11 September 1971 (USA) See more » Also Known As: El show de Pebbles y Bamm-Bamm See more » Company Credits (United States) – See all my reviews Pebbles and Bamm Bamm was just an awful cartoon. It ruins the original Flintstones show since it was a spin-off of the original. The pair get a lower rating in my book than the Great Gazoo. And we never found out whatever became of the Gazoo, since the Flintstones was canceled in 1966, and he never showed up in any of the spin-offs. If you thought Pebbles Flintstone wore hardly anything on the show, just look at Cindy Curbstone, Pebbles' rival. She wore even LESS than what Pebbles wore! I thought Cindy was too pornographic looking to be in a kids' show. She looked like Marilyn Monroe in 1962. And if I remember right, there was one episode where you could see a small chunk of Cindy's nude ass while she was taking a ridiculous picture of Pebbles sitting in a pool of water. Cindy reminds me too much of Little Annie Fannie in Playboy. And you'd think the censors would allow Pebbles or Cindy to get away with wearing so little? HOW ABSURD! THIS IS A Saturday MORNING CARTOON, GEARED FOR THE KIDS! And Bamm Bamm? On the original Flintstones, he's the strongest boy in the world", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506014	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who is credited with the invention of the World Wide Web?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "History of the Web – World Wide Web Foundation Image: © CERN Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. Sir Tim Berners-Lee is a British computer scientist. He was born in London, and his parents were early computer scientists, working on one of the earliest computers. Growing up, Sir Tim was interested in trains and had a model railway in his bedroom. He recalls : “I made some electronic gadgets to control the trains. Then I ended up getting more interested in electronics than trains. Later on, when I was in college I made a computer out of an old television set.” After graduating from Oxford University, Berners-Lee became a software engineer at CERN , the large particle physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland. Scientists come from all over the world to use its accelerators, but Sir Tim noticed that they were having difficulty sharing information. “In those days, there was different information on different computers, but you had to log on to different computers to get at it. Also, sometimes you had to learn a different program on each computer. Often it was just easier to go and ask people when they were having coffee…”, Tim says . Tim thought he saw a way to solve this problem – one that he could see could also have much broader applications. Already, millions of computers were being connected together through the fast-developing Internet and Berners-Lee realised they could share information by exploiting an emerging technology called hypertext. In March 1989, Tim laid out his vision for what would become the Web in a document called “ Information Management: A Proposal ”. Believe it or not, Tim’s initial proposal was not immediately accepted. In fact, his boss at the time, Mike Sendall , noted the words “Vague but exciting” on the cover. The Web was never an official CERN project, but Mike managed to give Tim time to work on it in September 1990. He began work using a NeXT computer, one of Steve Jobs’ early products. Tim’s original proposal. Image: CERN By October of 1990, Tim had written the three fundamental technologies that remain the foundation of today’s Web (and which you may have seen appear on parts of your Web browser): HTML: HyperText Markup Language. The markup (formatting) language for the Web. URI: Uniform Resource Identifier. A kind of “address” that is unique and used to identify to each resource on the Web. It is also commonly called a URL. HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Allows for the retrieval of linked resources from across the Web. Tim also wrote the first Web page editor/browser (“WorldWideWeb.app”) and the first Web server (“httpd“). By the end of 1990, the first Web page was served on the open internet, and in 1991, people outside of CERN were invited to join this new Web community. As the Web began to grow, Tim realised that its true potential would only be unleashed if anyone, anywhere could use it without paying a fee or having to ask for permission. He explains : “Had the technology been proprietary, and in my total control, it would probably not have taken off. You can’t propose that something be a universal space and at the same time keep control of it.” So, Tim and others advocated to ensure that CERN would agree to make the underlying code available on a royalty-free basis, for ever. This decision was announced in April 1993 , and sparked a global wave of creativity, collaboration and innovation never seen before. In 2003, the companies developing new Web standards committed to a Royalty Free Policy for their work. In 2014, the year we celebrated the Web’s 25th birthday , almost two in five people around the world were using it. Tim moved from CERN to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1994 to found the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), an international community devoted to developing open Web standards . He remains the Director of W3C to this day. The early Web community produced some revolutionary ideas that are now spreading far beyond the technology sector: Decentralisation: No permission is needed from a central authority to post anything on the We", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506015	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Give a year in the life of prison reformer Elizabeth Fry.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Regency History: Elizabeth Fry - prison reformer (1780-1845) Elizabeth Fry - prison reformer (1780-1845) by Elizabeth Fry from Elizabeth Fry, the angel of the prisons by LE Richards (1916) Profile Elizabeth Fry (née Gurney) (21 May 1780 – 13 October 1845) was a Quaker minister famous for her pioneering work in prison reform. She is currently depicted on the British £5 note. An unhappy childhood Elizabeth Gurney was born in Norwich, Norfolk, on 21 May 1780, one of the 12 children of John Gurney and Catherine Bell. Both her parents were from families that belonged to the Religious Society of Friends, more commonly referred to as the Quakers. John Gurney was a wealthy businessman operating in the woollen cloth and banking industries. Elizabeth, known as Betsy, was moody, often unwell and tormented by numerous fears. She was dubbed stupid by her siblings for being slow to learn, but was most probably dyslexic. In 1792, Betsy was devastated when her mother died. Conversion Betsy’s family were ‘gay’ Quakers as opposed to ‘plain’ Quakers. Though they attended the weekly Quaker meetings, they did not abstain from worldly pleasures like the theatre and dancing or wear simple clothes as ‘plain’ Quakers did. In 1798, an American Quaker named William Savery visited the Friends’ Meeting House in Goat Lane where the Gurneys worshipped. Betsy had a spiritual experience which was strengthened later that year when she met Deborah Darby, a Quaker minister, who prophesied that Betsy would become “a light to the blind, speech to the dumb and feet to the lame”. (1) Betsy gradually adopted the ways of a plain Quaker, wearing the simple dress and Quaker cap in which she is depicted on the British £5 note. In 1811, Betsy became a minister for the Religious Society of Friends and started to travel around the country to talk at Quaker meetings. Elizabeth Gurney from Elizabeth Fry, the angel of the prisons by LE Richards (1916) Marriage and family On 19 August 1800, Betsy married Joseph Fry, a plain Quaker whose business was tea and banking. They went to live in Mildred’s Court in Poultry, Cheapside, London, which was also the headquarters for Joseph’s business. In 1808, Joseph inherited the family estate at Plashet in East Ham, further out of London. It was a fruitful marriage though not always a harmonious one. Joseph and Betsy had 11 children: Katherine (1801), Rachel (1803), John (1804), William (1806), Richenda (1808), Joseph (1809), Elizabeth (1811), who died young, Hannah (1812), Louisa (1814), Samuel Gurney (1816) and Daniel Henry (1822). Betsy’s prison ministry Throughout her life, Betsy was active in helping others. At Plashet, she established a school for poor girls, ran a soup kitchen for the poor in cold weather and was the driving force behind the programme for smallpox inoculation in the parish. In 1813, while living at Mildred's Court, she visited the women’s wing of nearby Newgate Prison for the first time. Betsy was filled with compassion for the awful state of the women and took flannel clothes with her to dress their naked children. The front of Newgate Prison from Old and New London Vol II by Walter Thornbury (1872) Over the next few years, Betsy’s life was absorbed by family issues, but in 1816, she resumed her visits to the women in Newgate Prison. With the support of the female prisoners, she set up the first ever school inside an English prison and appointed a schoolmistress from among the inmates. Encouraged by her success, Betsy set out to help the women themselves. She read the bible to them and set up a workroom where the women could make stockings. All the female prisoners agreed to abide by Betsy’s rules. Against all odds, the scheme was successful. The women became more manageable and the atmosphere of the prison was transformed. Elizabeth Fry in Newgate Prison from Elizabeth Fry, the angel of the prisons by LE Richards (1916) Fame and influence News of Betsy’s success spread and she was inundated with requests for advice from prison authorities and ladies who wanted to set up prison visiting. Over the years that", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506016	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Eustachian tube links the pharynx to which other part of the body?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Eustachian Tube Function, Anatomy & Diagram \| Body Maps Your message has been sent. OK We're sorry, an error occurred. We are unable to collect your feedback at this time. However, your feedback is important to us. Please try again later. Close Pharyngotympanic tube The eustachian tube is a canal that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx, which consists of the upper throat and the back of the nasal cavity. It controls the pressure within the middle ear, making it equal with the air pressure outside the body. Most of the time the eustachian tube is closed, opening only during activities such as yawning, swallowing, and chewing, to allow air through the passage between the middle ear and nasopharynx. When atmospheric pressure changes rapidly, causing a sudden feeling of blockage in the ear (such as during airplane travel), these activities can be done on purpose to open the tube and equalize the pressure within the middle ear. When the eustachian tube will not open enough to equalize pressure, symptoms such as discomfort, dizziness, or ringing in the ear may result. Visual examination of the eardrum with a lighted scope helps to determine if the cause is inflammation, swelling, or fluid in the ear. Conditions such as nasal congestion, infection of the ear or sinus, or allergies may cause these symptoms and lead to eustachian tube problems. These causes can often be treated with decongestant medication or antibiotics, but in severe cases, surgery may be necessary.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506017	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; A Stableford is a scoring system in which sport?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Stableford - YouTube Stableford Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Oct 29, 2014 Stableford is a scoring system used in the sport of golf. Rather than counting the total number of strokes taken, as in stroke play, it involves scoring points based on the number of strokes taken at each hole. Unlike traditional scoring methods, where the aim is to have the lowest score, under Stableford rules, the objective is to have the highest score. The Stableford system was developed by Dr. Frank Barney Gorton Stableford (1870–1959), to deter golfers from giving up on their round after just one or two bad holes. It was first used informally at the Glamorganshire Golf Club, Penarth, Wales, in 1898, and first used in competition at Wallasey Golf Club in Wallasey, England, in 1932. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video Category", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506018	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion was adapted to become which musical?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Pygmalion Pygmalion or browse other Shmoopers' Questions In A Nutshell Pygmalion, written in 1912 by George Bernard Shaw and first performed two years later, tells the story of Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics (speech), who bets his friend that he can pass off a poor flower girl with a Cockney accent as a duchess by teaching her to speak with an upper class accent. In addition to being a playwright, Shaw was a theater critic, an essayist, a lifelong socialist and advocate for the working class, and, like Higgins, something of a phonetician. Given the scope of his interests, it should come as no surprise that he had a lot to say about a lot of things. Pygmalion, like most of Shaw's plays, is didactic. That is, it's meant to teach the audience about something. In this case, Shaw wants us to think about the problems caused by our \"common\" language, and how language can separate people from different places and classes, even different parts of the same town. In his preface to the play, entitled, \"A Professor of Phonetics,\" he writes, \"The English have no respect for their language, and will not teach their children to speak it. They spell it so abominably that no man can teach himself what it sounds like\" ( source ). Seems like he's about ready to yell, \"We have a failure to communicate!\" Well, instead of screaming, he wrote Pygmalion. (He called for the creation of an \"improved\" system of spelling English, but, thankfully, it didn't catch on. You can read more about it in \"Trivia.\") It's easy to sympathize with Shaw, though. If you've ever had trouble understanding someone because his accent was different than yours, or had trouble pronouncing an unfamiliar word (why does \"subtle\" have a \"b\" in it anyway?), you probably know what Shaw's talking about: sometimes English doesn't really make much sense, even to native speakers. When you consider that Shaw was writing at a time when the British Empire was still around, when people from all over the globe were expected and sometimes forced to communicate in English, and the situation only becomes more complicated. All this talk about language is only the beginning, though. Shaw uses it as a base to discuss other issues: problems about society, class, and gender. No need to get overwhelmed right off the bat, though. It's best to take it slow and start with words. That's where all literature begins, right? Given that we can all relate to these problems, however, it's no surprise that Pygmalion was and is extremely popular. Most people know the plot from My Fair Lady , the musical film adaptation of Shaw's play (sorry to say, there's no rain in Spain falling mainly on the plain in the original), and it's been parodied by everyone from The Three Stooges to The Simpsons and Family Guy . Shaw also wrote the Academy Award -winning screenplay for the 1938 film version, making him the only person ever to win both an Oscar and the Nobel Prize in Literature . Pretty good for a play about a grouchy professor and a poor flower girl, no? Why Should I Care? There's a reason why Pygmalion's been turned into a movie, a musical, and a movie musical, with a twist. It's a Cinderella story, complete with slippers…although in this case they're thrown, not worn. There's even a ball – well, maybe not a ball, but a couple of parties. And there's a stepmother in there too, although we never see her. Problem is, there's no Prince Charming. This fairy tale's got no happy ending. Now, you may be thinking, \"Come on, everybody loves a good happy ending!\" And it's true, almost everybody does. But life's not always so sweet, and it rarely comes wrapped up in a bow. In the end, Eliza, the Cinderella character, is all dressed up with nowhere to go. Maybe something will turn up, maybe she will find her Prince, but we can't know for sure. Here's another let down: there's no magic in Pygmalion, at least none of that Fairy Godmother stuff. But Shaw does you one better. You get to read about…the magic of teaching…and the transforming power of words. Cool, right? We know what you're thinking. Enough with the w", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506019	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In terms of the stock market, what is the opposite of a bear?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "PS I am not really rich Basic but great and important guest post from a new student of mine: Tim is big on making sure you know the basics before you start trading, that’s why he encourages people to sign up for his trading challenge . You learn the basics first and then continue to expand on that knowledge throughout the program. Here are some terms that you need to know if you want to be a profitable trader. Download this printable cheat sheet for 25 essential stock market trading terms. Averaging Down: This is when an investor buys more of a stock as the price goes down. This makes it so your average purchase price decreases. Bear Market: This is trading talk for the stock market being in a down trend, or a period of falling stock prices. This is the opposite of a bull market. Beta: A measurement of the relationship between the price of a stock and the movement of the whole market. If stock XYZ has a beta of 1.5, that means that for every 1 point move in the market, stock XYZ moves 1.5 points and vice versa. Blue Chip Stocks: These are the large, industry leading companies. They offer a stable record of significant dividend payments and have a reputation of sound fiscal management. The expression is thought to have been derived from blue gambling chips, which is the highest denomination of chips used in casinos. Bull Market: This is when the stock market as a whole is in a prolonged period of increasing stock prices. Opposite of a bear market. Broker: A person who buys or sells an investment for you in exchange for a fee (a commission). Here is Tim’s favorite broker. (LINK) Day Trading: The practice of buying and selling within the same trading day, before the close of the markets on that day. This is what Tim typically does, although he does have a long-term portfolio as well. Traders that participate in day trading are often called “active traders” or “day traders.” Dividend: this is a portion of a company’s earnings that is paid to shareholders, or people that own hat company’s stock, on a quarterly or annual basis. Not all company’s do this. Exchange: An exchange is a place in which different investments are traded. The most well-known in the United States are the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq. Execution: When an order to buy or sell has been completed. If you put in an order to sell 100 shares, this means that all 100 shares have been sold. Hedge: This is used to limit your losses. You can do this by taking an offsetting position. For example, if you hold 100 shares of XYZ, you could short the stock or futures positions on the stock. Index: An index is a benchmark which is used as a reference marker for traders and portfolio managers. A 10% may sound good, but if the market index returned 12%, then you didn’t do very well since you could have just invested in an index fund and saved time by not trading frequently. Examples are the Dow Jones Industrial Average and Standard & Poor’s 500. Initial Public Offering (IPO): The first sale or offering of a stock by a company to the public, rather than just being owned by private or inside investors. Margin: A margin account lets a person borrow money (take out a loan essentially) from a broker to purchase an investment. The difference between the amount of the loan, and the price of the securities, is called the margin. Moving Average: A stock’s average price-per-share during a specific period of time. Some time frames are 50 and 200 day moving averages. Order: An investor’s bid to buy or sell a certain amount of stock or option contracts. You have to put an order in to buy or sell 100 shares of stock. Portfolio: A collection of investments owned by an investor. You can have as little as one stock in a portfolio to an infinite amount of stocks. Quote: Information on a stock’s latest trading price. This is sometimes delayed by 20 minutes unless you are using an actual broker trading platform. Rally: A rapid increase in the general price level of the market or of the price of a stock. Sector: A group of stocks that are in the same business. An example would be th", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506020	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which 2009 movie is a biopic of Ian Dury, starring Andy Serkis in the title role and Ray Winstone as his father?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb 39 out of 45 people found the following review useful: Very Good Indeed 13 December 2009 * This review may contain spoilers * Like an uncommonly honest MP, this reviewer must declare a particular interest: Ian Dury was born on 12 May, a Tuesday. Me too: Tuesday, 12 May. (Albeit 28 years later.) Andy Serkis, who plays him here, is half-Iraqi, like me. And while Dury studied under Peter Blake at the Royal College Of Art, I, er, once worked in the Royal College Of Art shop. Polio helped make Dury the man he was, but cancer ultimately made him bigger than life. There's an allotment set aside in every heart for one of England's national treasures. And not just England's: strange as it is to picture a generation of nascent Brooklyn and West Coast rappers wigging out to Black Sabbath or German art minimalists during the 1970s, how stranger still that A Tribe Called Quest should sample Dury for 'Can I Kick It'? Or is it? The Blockheads sound is a steaming gumbo of (hugely influential) influences: a dollop of pub rock, a sprinkling of free jazz, a dash of lover's rock, a generous infusion of English music hall, all topped off with Chas Jankel and Co's boiling blue funk. What's not to like about that lot? It shouldn't really work, but it does - just like the frontman himself, as complicated as any artist worth their sodium chloride. Kitted-out like he'd ram-raided a jumble sale run by a collective of art students, Psychobillies and NHS outpatients, Dury's arty 'Do It Yourself' attitude anticipated British Punk Rock (which studied, literally, at his feet) by several years. Not that he aligned himself with any such movement. There's a lovely clip on YouTube from 1979, in which he invites \"Mickey Jones from The Clash\" up on stage to play 'Sweet Gene Vincent with him.' \"Now listen,\" he warns the Clash man, \"we've got four chords in this song, Michael...\" Jones' gloriously chagrined grin is worth the admission alone. So, are we to mourn this real mensch's decline with some Thunderbird wine and a black handkerchief then? Or instead, party like it's 1977? Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll is a truly life-affirming and brilliantly unsentimental celebration of the Mockney and his music. Serkis was born to play this role, allowing him to make the most of his celebrated physicality and vocal dexterity. (So convincing, in fact, the real Blockheads have suggested Serkis subsequently go on the road with them.) Whether barrelling, quip-me-quick, through a set - a defiant Long John Silver with a singing range that starts out like a caress from a brillo pad soaked in brandy - and ends up like a charging Cockney Elephant; making a literal breakfast of a recording studio by pouring milk and eggs into the mixing desk; or bellowing the song that gives the film its title - and really, what other title could there possibly be? - he's the spit, snot and fag ash of the unofficial Poet Laureate who gave us the likes of 'Billericay Dickie', 'Plaistow Patricia', and of course, 'Spasticus Autisticus': it's one of the ironies of his career that the showman's terrifically self-assertive contribution to 1982's United Nations Year of The Disabled was subsequently banned. \"I'm not Tiny Tim, I'm Ian Dury!\" he roars at \"Graham from the Spastics Society\". \"People like me don't want sympathy - we want respect!\" Respect is what the filmmakers bring, by the bucket-and-spade, closely aided by Dury's daughter Jemima and son Baxter - now a musician in his own right, who appeared with his dad on the cover of 'New Boots And Panties', looking for all the world like Dodger to Ian's Bill Sikes. And this is really a film about fathers and sons. Bill Milner plays Baxter, a rock star's son going predictably, if spectacularly, off the rails, and Ray Winstone is Ian's adored dad Bill. Between these generational polarities, Ian struggles to reconcile familial responsibilities (and two lovers) with his growing fame, while trying to do right by his father's memory. \"Being an underdog with nothing to lose is a good place to start in", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506021	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which country are the Ibo people mainly found?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Igbo People: 5 Notable Truths About The Nigerian Tribe Chuka Udeze Advertisement Igbo is one of the ethnic groups found in the country of Nigeria. Some people view Igbo as a nation that constitutes Igbo land. The group mainly occupies the South eastern region of Nigeria. This region is considered as one of the most densely populated regions in the whole of Africa. The main language spoken is Igbo also spelt as Ibo or Eboe. Nigerian English or pidgin english is also spoken by the ethnic community. There has always been conflicting information on the Igbo people, but the following are the 5 notable truths about the Igbo people: 1. Population The Igbo people are said to be the third largest ethnic community in Nigeria. The tribe comes after second placed Yoruba, and the leading group the Fulani-Hausa. The exact figures are not fully known but are estimated to be about 30 million people as of 2012.This forms 18 % of the total Nigerian population of about 170 million people. The Hausa-Fulani account for 29%, while the Yoruba forms 21% of the entire population. The ethnic group is so dispersed that its third position as the largest community in Nigeria is being contested by the Ijaw people. Ndi Igbo via blogspot.com 2. Demographics Igbo people will mainly be found in the South east region of Nigeria. They occupy the regions of Anambra, Abia, Imo, Ebonyi, Enugu, Imo, Delta, as well as Rivers State . Enugu is considered the main capital of Igboland. Other prominent cities and towns in the region include Owerri, Aba, Abakaliki, Onitsha, Afikpo, Asaba, Orlu, Agbor, Umuahia, Okigwe, Nsukka, and Port Harcourt. The Igbo people will also be found in Cities outside Igboland such as Lagos , and Abuja . For many centuries, the people from Ibo community have always lived in peace with their neighboring communities that consist of the Ibibio, Nupe, Ijo, Idoma, Igala, and Ekoi people. 3. Economics There are several economic activities practiced by the Igbo people. This includes trading, farming, and crafts. Agriculture is the most dominant activity .The main crops farmed in the region constitutes; yam, taro, cassava, and fruit of the palm tree. The yam is the main staple food which is also exported to neighboring region. There is also an annual celebration that is held to mark the harvesting of yams. Overtime, people have been turning to cultivating the fruit of the palm due to its palm oil. The palm crop is the leading cash crop in the region owing to the large quantities of palm oil that is exported outside Nigeria. Igbo people celebrating with Masquerade – wikipedia.org 4. Religion The main religion in Igboland is Christianity, with more than half the Christians being Roman Catholics. Other religions include the traditional religion referred to as Odinani, Muslims, and Jews. The Ibo people are very religious. They always observe the religious rites as well as traditional rituals of passage in different stages of their lives. This will happen during child-birth, marriage, initiation, as well as burials. However, western based religions are gradually taking over as the preferred religions instead of the traditional practices. This is usually witnessed among the younger generation. 5. Political System Although politics play an integral part in the people of Ibo community, their political impact is never really felt in Nigerian politics. This is attributed to the numerous divisions and fragments that exist in the region. This effect was first felt during the Nigerian civil war also known as the Nigerian –Biafra war. This war that took place between 1966 and 1970 pitted the Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other communities living in the region, against the Northern Muslims. Since then, the political system in Igboland has never really recovered. Political representations are in a very low-key, and also few people of Igbo origin hold any major political offices. Oji Igbo – learnigbonow.com Although the people belonging to the Igbo community are mainly found in Southeast Nigeria, the Igbo people continue to spread to other regions of Nigeria as we", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1506022	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; An ARP detachment leader called Thomas Alderson was the first recipient of which award?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Publications Archives - Lord Ashcroft Lord Ashcroft Tuesday, 8 November, 2016 in Publications By Lord Ashcroft THE VICTORIA CROSS is Britain and the Commonwealth’s most prestigious gallantry medal for courage in the face of the enemy. It has been bestowed upon 1,355 heroic individuals from all walks of life since its creation during the Crimean War. Lord Ashcroft, who has been fascinated with bravery since he was a young boy, now owns 200 VCs, by far the largest collection of its kind in the world. Following on from the bestselling Victoria Cross Heroes, first published in 2006 to mark the 150th anniversary of the award, Victoria Cross Heroes: Volume II gives extraordinary accounts of the bravery behind the newest additions to Lord Ashcroft’s VC collection – those decorations purchased in the last decade. With sixty action-packed stories of courageous soldiers, sailors and airmen from a range of global conflicts including the Indian Mutiny of 1857–58, the Second Anglo-Boer War of 1899–1902 and the First and Second World Wars, this book is a powerful testament to the strength of the human spirit and a worthy tribute to the servicemen who earned the Victoria Cross. Their inspirational deeds of valour and self-sacrifice should be championed and never forgotten. Foreword by Lance-Sergeant Johnson Beharry VC Hardback, 400 pages Thursday, 8 September, 2016 in Publications By Lord Ashcroft The UK’s vote to leave the European Union shocked the world – not to mention many people in Britain. What it revealed about our country is at least as significant for the future of politics as Brexit itself. Drawing on more than two years of intensive research by Lord Ashcroft Polls, Well, You Did Ask… explains how voters came to make the most momentous political decision of our time (more…) Monday, 12 October, 2015 in Publications By Lord Ashcroft The unauthorised biography of David Cameron. After a decade as Conservative Party leader, David Cameron remains an enigma to those outside his tight-knit inner circle. This authoritative biography of Britain’s youngest Prime Minister for nearly 200 years provides a fascinating insight into the man only those closest to him know. Based on hundreds of interviews, with everyone from Westminster insiders to intimate friends, this book reveals the real David Cameron. What are his greatest strengths and his biggest weaknesses? How did he reach the top, first in the party and then as the leader of the UK’s first coalition government since the Second World War? How did he deal with everything from political triumph to personal tragedy? This unauthorised biography answers all these questions and more. From Eton to Oxford, through gap-year adventures in Russia to his early days as a party apparatchik and his stint as a PR man, the book scrutinises Cameron’s journey to the premiership – and his record as the most powerful man in the land. Co-authored by Lord Ashcroft, the former deputy chairman of the Tory Party and respected pollster, and Isabel Oakeshott, the award-winning political journalist, this is unquestionably the most hotly anticipated political book of the year. Hardback, 320 pages Thursday, 10 September, 2015 in Publications By Lord Ashcroft The 2015 Election Campaign Through The Eyes Of The Voters. From January until the election, Lord Ashcroft Polls conducted weekly focus groups from Cornwall to Scotland to find out whether the parties’ (more…) Thursday, 6 November, 2014 in Publications , News, Medals By lordashcroft.com Special Ops Heroes tells the stories behind Lord Ashcroft’s collection of Special Forces medals and is the fifth book in his bravery series. It uses new material from diaries, eyewitness accounts, medal citations, letters, unpublished books and interviews with the medal recipients themselves to tell remarkable tales of gallantry. The Foreword to the book has been written by Andy McNab, the SAS hero turned best-selling writer. He says Special Ops Heroes tells “amazing stories of courage” and he describes the book as “a page-turner”. The book tells of some of the actions of the “S", "role": "assistant" } ]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.